Deck 15: B: Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Question 1

CAM is used most often by:

A) men.
B) people with higher education levels.
C) people who have been hospitalized with intestinal problems.
D) young adults.

Answer 1

people with higher education levels.

Question 2

The use of complementary and alternative medicine is:

A) decreasing from its peak in the mid-1990s.
B) greater in the United States than anywhere else.
C) increasing throughout the world.
D) much greater among men than among women.

Answer 2

increasing throughout the world.

Question 3

Popular in some varieties of complementary and alternative medicine,vitalism is the concept of:

A) a higher spiritual force.
B) a general life force.
C) collective consciousness.
D) dissociation of consciousness.

Answer 3

a general life force.

Question 4

Qi refers to:

A) a vital energy or life force.
B) each person's natural constitution,according to ayurvedic medicine.
C) the power of belief in an alternative practitioner.
D) a biomechanical imbalance in the vertebra of the spine.

Question 5

The medical school anecdote of Mr.Wright,who relapsed when he lost confidence in the cure he once believed in,illustrates the operation of the _______________ in medical treatments.

A) regression effect
B) Krebiozen effect
C) observer expectancy
D) placebo effect

Question 6

According to the conditioning explanation of the placebo effect,over years of treatment,the physician's white coat,the disinfectant smell of a waiting room,and the taste of each pill that is swallowed function as:

A) unconditioned stimuli.
B) unconditioned responses.
C) conditioned stimuli.
D) conditioned responses.

Question 7

Anecdotal evidence consists of:

A) informal case studies.
B) single-blind laboratory studies.
C) double-blind laboratory studies.
D) field research studies.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the major domains of complementary and alternative medicine recognized by the National Institutes of Health?

A) mind-body interventions
B) biologically based therapies
C) energy therapies
D) wellness therapies

Question 9

Holistic medicine appeals to many people in part because it:

A) encourages doctors to focus on the fine details of the symptoms that each patient presents.
B) is overspecialized.
C) is highly fragmented.
D) avoids the narrow specialization of conventional biomedicine.

Question 10

Critics of unconventional therapies have raised all of the following points EXCEPT that:

A) people who rely on alternative treatments may lose the opportunity to benefit from scientifically based treatment.
B) CAM evidence is often based on informal anecdotal evidence.
C) CAM research often makes use of invalid treatment outcome measures.
D) CAM evidence relies exclusively on qualitative research.

Question 11

Isabel's doctor combines traditional biomedical interventions with evidence-based complementary and alternative medical therapies to treat her patients.Isabel's doctor is practicing:

A) integrative medicine.
B) psychosomatic medicine.
C) ayurvedic medicine.
D) naturopathic medicine.

Question 12

Allopathic medicine refers to:

A) diagnostic therapies that are not taught in most medical schools.
B) traditional biomedicine.
C) alternative therapies based on Eastern spirituality.
D) an approach that considers not only physical health but also the emotional,spiritual,social,and psychological well-being of the person.

Question 13

The ideals of complementary and alternative medicine include all of the following EXCEPT to:

A) be holistic.
B) be natural.
C) promote vitalism.
D) promote wellness.

Question 14

A number of unconventional therapies consider the physical,mental,emotional,and spiritual needs of the client.In other words,these therapies are examples of:

A) holistic medicine.
B) allopathic medicine.
C) chelation therapy.
D) energy therapies.

Question 15

The concept of qi,a life force flowing throughout the body,is central to:

A) homeopathic medicine.
B) naturopathic medicine.
C) traditional Oriental medicine.
D) evidence-based medicine.

Question 16

Although her doctor has done nothing but examine her arthritic hands,elderly Mrs.Joseph feels less pain,apparently because she believes the doctor has done something for her.Mrs.Joseph's improvement is an example of:

A) the placebo effect.
B) the regression effect.
C) spontaneous remission.
D) observer expectancy.

Question 17

The approach to health care that promotes the collection,interpretation,and integration of the best research in making decisions about patient care is:

A) evidence-based medicine.
B) allopathic medicine.
C) holistic medicine.
D) complementary and alternative medicine.

Question 18

The biggest challenge facing advocates of alternative therapies is to:

A) gather supportive data using the standards of an evidence-based analysis.
B) get quack practitioners out of the picture.
C) convince the general public to give their treatments a try.
D) convince the Food and Drug Administration to drop their restrictive licensing requirements.

Question 19

Complementary and alternative medicine is most accurately defined as the use and practice of therapies or diagnostic techniques that:

A) fall outside of conventional medicine.
B) are completely natural.
C) are unproven.
D) tap the body's natural healing tendencies.

Question 20

When asked why there are not more controlled clinical trials of CAM therapies,CAM practitioners note that:

A) treatment variables cannot always be studied independently.
B) anecdotal evidence is difficult to gather when studies are conducted in the field.
C) self-report data are notoriously unreliable.
D) qualitative studies are superior to RCTs.

Question 21

Regarding the effectiveness of acupuncture as a pain treatment,which of the following conclusions is drawn in the text?

A) Acupuncture is an unproven therapy.
B) Acupuncture is more effective as a treatment for addiction.
C) Acupuncture provides some patients with some relief from some painful conditions.
D) Acupuncture is more effective than all but the most potent analgesic medications.

Question 22

Most illnesses tend to be:

A) cyclical.
B) self-limiting.
C) cyclical,self-limiting conditions.
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 23

A health psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their:

A) pain threshold.
B) LDL cholesterol level.
C) blood pressure.
D) muscular strength.

Question 24

To help him relax,Rick is learning to pay nonjudgmental,in-the-moment attention to his changing perceptions and thoughts.Rick is evidently practicing:

A) mindfulness meditation.
B) transcendental meditation.
C) tai chi.
D) yoga.

Question 25

Which of the following therapies does NOT belong with the others?

A) hypnosis
B) relaxation
C) meditation
D) naturopathy

Question 26

Acupuncture theory identifies 14 lines of energy called:

A) prakti.
B) chi.
C) meridians.
D) doshas.

Question 27

The most common biofeedback technique in clinical use today is:

A) thermal biofeedback.
B) electromyography.
C) ambulatory blood pressure biofeedback.
D) heart rate biofeedback.

Question 28

The most widely used alternative treatment for substance abuse is:

A) hypnosis.
B) meditation.
C) homeopathy.
D) acupuncture.

Question 29

Health psychologists generally believe that hypnotic phenomena:

A) do not exist.
B) reflect a truly altered state of consciousness.
C) reflect the workings of normal consciousness.
D) are unreproducible.

Question 30

Fabrizio Benedetti found that _______________ injections of placebos were more effective in reducing pain than _______________ injections.

A) hidden;visible
B) visible;hidden
C) predictable;unpredictable
D) unpredictable;predictable

Question 31

A recent meta-analysis of studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)found that needle acupuncture produced:

A) no change in neural activity anywhere in the brain.
B) decreased neural activity in the amygdala and hippocampus.
C) decreased neural activity in the basal ganglia and brain stem.
D) decreased neural activity in the cerebellum.

Question 32

In one experiment,Herbert Benson reported that,while meditating,experienced practitioners experience:

A) increased metabolism.
B) decreased oxygen consumption.
C) lowered blood sugar levels.
D) increased carbon dioxide elimination.

Question 33

The use of hypnosis in clinical medicine can be traced to ________,who discovered that a person could be induced to fall into a state of "nervous sleep."

A) Sigmund Freud
B) James Braid
C) Herbert Benson
D) Rene Descartes

Question 34

Herbert Benson suggested that an important factor in placebo responding is:

A) the body's natural inner pharmacy.
B) remembered wellness.
C) operant conditioning.
D) classical conditioning.

Question 35

Which of the following was NOT offered as an explanation of how relaxation and meditation might promote health?

A) These techniques provide relief from stress,muscle tension,anxiety,and negative emotionality,all of which increase a person's vulnerability to ill health.
B) Relaxation and meditation bolster the immune system.
C) Relaxation and meditation may alter a person's emotional response to symptoms.
D) People who regularly practice relaxation or meditation techniques tend to have healthier lifestyles.

Question 36

Physiologically,hypnosis is accompanied by:

A) a generalized decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity.
B) an outpouring of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
C) increased oxygen consumption.
D) increased elimination of carbon dioxide.

Question 37

Hypnosis seems to be most effective in helping people manage:

A) acute pain.
B) chronic pain.
C) recurrent pain.
D) clinical pain.

Question 38

To help her relax,Brittany practices a daily exercise in which she focuses her awareness on a personally meaningful phrase,or mantra.Brittany is evidently practicing:

A) mindfulness meditation.
B) transcendental meditation.
C) tai chi.
D) yoga.

Question 39

The World Health Organization classifies ___________ as a condition for which acupuncture has been proved to be an effective treatment.

A) fibromyalgia
B) diabetic nerve pain
C) osteoarthritis
D) depression

Question 40

The component of traditional Oriental medicine in which fine needles are inserted into the skin in order to relieve pain is:

A) chiropractic.
B) biomedicine.
C) naturopathy.
D) acupuncture.

Question 41

The pharmacopoeia is:

A) a compilation of plant,animal,and mineral agents.
B) an examination of a patient's overall physical and mental state.
C) an ancient health system that focuses on maintaining an inner state of harmony.
D) the predominant form of alternative medicine practiced in India.

Question 42

Which of the following is true regarding the acceptability of unconventional therapies in traditional biomedicine?

A) Health care in the United States is moving toward a more open-minded view of unconventional medicine.
B) Conventional medicine is more critical of alternative therapies today than ever before.
C) Hypnosis and meditation have been widely accepted within traditional medicine,but other therapies have not been accepted.
D) Dietary medicine and acupuncture have been widely accepted within traditional medicine,but other therapies have not been accepted.

Question 43

Most herbs in the United States are marketed as food supplements because:

A) none have any documented effectiveness.
B) it is illegal to recommend an herb as a treatment for anything.
C) they must be taken along with food to be effective.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 44

The two forms of food supplement therapy are:

A) nutritional medicine and megadose therapy.
B) homeopathy and naturopathy.
C) herbalism and homeopathy.
D) herbalism and naturopathy.

Question 45

Probiotics are:

A) also called botanicals.
B) derived from the leaves,stems,and flowers of plants.
C) dangerous,unapproved food supplements.
D) bacteria and other live microorganisms that may have health benefits.

Question 46

Dr.Kellogg (of cereal fame)was an early advocate of:

A) naturopathic medicine.
B) ayurvedic medicine.
C) acupuncture.
D) homeopathy.

Question 47

The Pritikin and Ornish diets have been demonstrated to be effective in ____________ in people with ____________.

A) lowering insulin levels;attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
B) lowering glucagon;hypertension
C) raising white blood counts;cancer
D) lowering blood glucose levels;diabetes

Question 48

The only major forms of CAM originally developed in the United States are:

A) naturopathy and homeopathy.
B) mindfulness meditation and herbology.
C) chiropractic and osteopathy.
D) herbology and magnet therapy.

Question 49

Critics of chiropractic treatment point out that:

A) misaligned vertebra are very uncommon.
B) misaligned vertebrae are common and harmless.
C) chiropractic manipulation is useless but harmless.
D) a sound nervous system is the foundation of overall health.

Question 50

The holistic care system that draws from homeopathy,herbal remedies,and traditional Oriental medicine is:

A) homeopathic medicine.
B) ayurvedic medicine.
C) acupuncture.
D) naturopathic medicine.

Question 51

In herbal medicine,tonics are herbs that:

A) have potent actions and are used to treat illness.
B) promote perspiration and nervousness.
C) have a general healing effect.
D) have anti-inflammatory effects.

Question 52

A straight chiropractor is someone who:

A) combines traditional chiropractic manipulation with other CAM therapies.
B) believes that misalignments of bones within joints cause pain.
C) provides holistic health care by drawing from homeopathy,herbal remedies,and traditional Oriental medicine.
D) no longer palpates spinal vertebra during examinations.

Question 53

The Feingold diet eliminates food colors,artificial flavors,and highly processed foods as a treatment for:

A) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
B) hypertension.
C) cancer.
D) diabetes.

Question 54

Overall,research on biofeedback has shown that biofeedback:

A) is ineffective in reducing stress.
B) conveys no advantage over other,simpler behavioral techniques,such as relaxation training.
C) is more effective with adults than with children.
D) works best with people who are also highly suggestible.

Question 55

As a stress management technique,biofeedback:

A) is ineffective.
B) is more effective with adults than with children.
C) enables people to consistently control their internal,involuntary responses.
D) offers no advantage over other behavioral techniques such as relaxation training.

Question 56

Ed's doctor advises him to avoid several "trigger" foods,including wheat and dairy products.The doctor apparently believes Ed has a:

A) macrobiotic reaction.
B) nutritional deficit.
C) repetitive food disorder.
D) food allergy.

Question 57

The alternative therapy that has achieved mainstream acceptance is:

A) acupuncture.
B) relaxation training.
C) hypnosis.
D) chiropractic.