Deck 2: Population and Health

Question 1

Comparing the charts, maps, and other data on the world population growth in this chapter, one can deduce that after the Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago Earth's human population

A) changed little because of the availability of food from massive land animals.
B) began a long period of near stagnation, following a heretofore unprecedented period of rapid growth.
C) had not yet appeared on the surface of the planet.
D) began to increase at a heretofore unprecedented rate, following millennia of near stagnation.
E) increased at unprecedented rates for two centuries, then declined again.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The countries depicted as smaller, or more limited in size, on the population cartogram have

A) higher levels of wealth and higher populations.
B) lower levels of wealth and higher populations.
C) lower populations.
D) lower populations and lesser land areas.
E) lower technical proficiency in cartography and geospatial reasoning.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The most populous country in the Southeast Asia region is

A) Bangladesh.
B) China.
C) India.
D) Indonesia.
E) Thailand.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The United States census is politically important because

A) immigrants without proper documentation are tracked and deported by the Census Bureau, which explains immigrants' historically low rates of participation in censuses.
B) statistical sampling reveals that homeless people are overcounted, particularly in large cities.
C) some legislative seats, including those of the U.S. House of Representatives, are apportioned according to population.
D) every vote counts equally in a presidential election.
E) the U.S. democratic process is never influenced by corporations and corporate money.

Question 5

We can calculate that a country would lower its arithmetic density by

A) increasing the amount of agricultural land.
B) limiting the number of farmers.
C) increasing the areas of its urban centers.
D) limiting the size of its population.
E) increasing the size of its population.

Question 6

India and the United Kingdom have approximately the same arithmetic density although their landscapes and sizes are quite different. From this we can conclude that the two countries have roughly the same

A) level of output per farmer.
B) number of people per area of land.
C) pressure placed by people on the land to produce food.
D) number of farmers per area of land.
E) number of people per area of arable land.

Question 7

A homeless person living in a small town would be ________ to be counted in the U.S. Census than a homeless person living in a large city.

A) less likely
B) equally (neither more nor less) likely
C) more likely
D) nearly as likely

Question 8

Physiological density is the number of

A) acres of farmland per the total area of a country.
B) farmers per area of farmland.
C) people per area of flat land.
D) people per area suitable for agriculture.
E) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture.

Question 9

Among the following world regions, the least densely populated is

A) East Asia.
B) Southeast Asia.
C) Sub-Saharan Africa.
D) Europe.
E) South Asia.

Question 10

We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its agricultural density if it

A) decreased the amount of agricultural land.
B) decreased the number of farmers.
C) increased the areas of its urban centers.
D) increased the size of its population.
E) decreased the number of farm animals.

Question 11

Land suited for agriculture is called

A) population density.
B) agricultural density.
C) physiological land.
D) arid land.
E) arable land.

Question 12

Analyzing a world map and the population maps in this chapter, you can deduce that the most populous country within 2,000 miles of Australia is

A) India.
B) Indonesia.
C) New Zealand.
D) China.
E) Malaysia.

Question 13

We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its physiological density by

A) increasing the amount of agricultural land.
B) limiting the number of farmers.
C) increasing the areas of its urban centers.
D) increasing the size of its population.
E) limiting the number of farm animals.

Question 14

Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that Turkey was intensively settled by

A) 5000 BC.
B) AD 50.
C) AD 1500.
D) AD 1.
E) AD 1900.

Question 15

Relatively few people live at ________, but there are significant exceptions, especially in Latin America.

A) low elevations
B) sea-level
C) high elevations
D) or near coastlines
E) the poles

Question 16

Geographers might characterize as overpopulated a country where

A) there are too many people according to a standard economic measure of poverty.
B) the population numbers less than one million, but there is concern that the country's natural resources are adequate for only half that number.
C) the population numbers more than 100 million and there is concern about the finite limits of natural resources, although the resources available in the country seem adequate to that population.
D) the population numbers more than one million, and there is an average distribution of population to resources.
E) All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 17

The Earth area of permanent human settlement is called the

A) hot zone.
B) civilized world.
C) geophenom.
D) ecumene.
E) subpolar region.

Question 18

Analyzing a world map and the population maps in this chapter, you can deduce that the most populous country south of the Philippines is

A) Australia.
B) Indonesia.
C) New Zealand.
D) China.
E) Malaysia.

Question 19

Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that the eastern coast of Australia was intensively settled by

A) 5000 BC.
B) AD 50.
C) AD 1500.
D) AD 1900.
E) AD 1.

Question 20

Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that Peru was intensively settled before

A) 5000 BC.
B) 1000 BC.
C) AD 1500.
D) AD 1.
E) AD 1900.

Question 21

A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a

A) high physiological density.
B) low physiological density.
C) high agricultural density.
D) low agricultural density.
E) low arithmetic density.

Question 22

It may sound strange to hear that the ________ is generally lower for less developed countries than for more developed countries, but the difference is correlated to the average age of each population.

A) crude birth rate
B) crude death rate
C) infant mortality rate
D) natural increase rate
E) total growth rate

Question 23

Approximately 500 babies were born in Country D in 2011, but 35 of them died before reaching their first birthday. These data can be used to report Country D's

A) crude death rate.
B) infant mortality rate.
C) early life expectancy.
D) murder rate.
E) terminal increase rate.

Question 24

When the world's population reached 6 billion in 1995, it was forecast that at a steady rate of growth the population would reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. That period of 45 years is known as

A) doubling time.
B) doubling life expectancy.
C) double increase rate.
D) double overpopulation.
E) double demographic transition.

Question 25

The Phatak family in India decides to have five children, although India's official approach to demographic growth includes a public relations campaign encouraging smaller families. This illustrates

A) that children represent an economic liability to rural families, despite India's policy.
B) this family fears that high infant mortality rates are associated with smaller family sizes.
C) that the women in this family have little or no power in relation to family planning.
D) an example of conflict between individual and government fertility goals.
E) the demographic realization that India's population pyramid is skewed because of preference for male children.

Question 26

Among the world's countries, the spread between the highest and lowest crude death rates is ________ than the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates.

A) greater
B) less
C) the same as
D) more related to income
E) less dependent on social services

Question 27

We can hypothesize with some confidence that Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than the United States because Costa Rica

A) has a higher sex ratio.
B) has more hospitals per person.
C) has a milder climate.
D) is in Stage 4 of the demographic transition.
E) has a lower percentage of elderly people.

Question 28

The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is

A) total birth rate.
B) crude birth rate.
C) total fertility rate.
D) total increase rate.
E) crude fertility rate.

Question 29

Analyzing various maps in this chapter along with a world map, we see that Laos has the highest rates of fertility and infant mortality among its neighbors in

A) East Asia.
B) South Asia.
C) Southeast Asia.
D) Africa.
E) Southwestern Asia.

Question 30

The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the

A) crude birth rate.
B) life data rate.
C) natural increase rate.
D) total fertility rate.
E) new birth rate.

Question 31

Given the data in this chapter about urban and rural population concentrations, we might expect to find a lower proportion of farmers living in which of these areas?

A) East Asia
B) South Asia
C) Southeast Asia
D) Southeastern Europe
E) Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 32

Analyzing the maps of crude birth rates and total fertility rates in this chapter, we can surmise that Afghanistan has a higher TFR and CBR than its neighbors in

A) South Asia only.
B) Southwest Asia only.
C) Southwest Asia and South Asia.
D) South Asia and Southeast Asia.
E) Southeast Asia only.

Question 33

A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in that country's

A) total fertility rate.
B) life expectancy rate.
C) crude death rate.
D) doubling time.
E) natural increase rate.

Question 34

The world's annual ________ is currently approximately 1.2 percent, at which rate the world's population is projected to double in about 54 years.

A) natural increase rate (NIR)
B) life expectancy rate (LER)
C) crude birth rate (CBR)
D) life increase rate (LIR)
E) natural expectancy rate (NER)

Question 35

Analyzing the maps of fertility and mortality in this chapter, we see more countries with high birth rates and high rates of infant mortality in

A) East Asia, excluding Japan.
B) South Asia, excluding Bangladesh.
C) Africa south of the Sahara.
D) Southeast Asia.
E) North America.

Question 36

Analyzing the map(s) in this chapter dealing with infant mortality rates, as well as a world map, we can deduce that

A) Papua New Guinea has a lower IMR than Indonesia.
B) India has a lower IMR than Russia.
C) Brazil has a lower IMR than Bolivia.
D) Madagascar has a lower IMR than South Africa.
E) Chad has a lower IMR than Egypt.

Question 37

The fertility rate based on the number of live births per 1,000 residents is the

A) crude birth rate.
B) crude fertility rate.
C) infant birth rate.
D) natural increase rate.
E) life expectancy at birth.

Question 38

Life expectancy is lowest on average in

A) Africa.
B) East Asia.
C) North America.
D) Europe.
E) Southeast Asia.

Question 39

Country A has a crude birth rate of 60 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country B has a CBR of 27 and a CDR of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate?

A) Country A
B) Country B
C) The NIR is the same in both countries.
D) The rate depends on total population, so it can't be computed from this information.
E) The CDR has no direct correlation to the CBR, so it cannot help determine the NIR.

Question 40

If the physiological density in a given country is very high and its arithmetic density is very low, then a country has

A) inefficient farmers or farmers that are out of work.
B) a large number of farmers, although the number of farmers is not as great as the number of people living in the cities.
C) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture, even if there seems to be plenty of space available to live in.
D) too many people for the available resources, particularly in regards to agricultural land.
E) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture.

Question 41

Stages 1 and 4 of the Demographic Transition are similar in that

A) both have low growth rates.
B) both have high dependency ratios.
C) both have low dependency ratios.
D) both have low life expectancies.
E) both have low death rates.

Question 42

An analysis of the charts and/or demographic history in this chapter indicates that during the Industrial Revolution two hundred years ago, the global population

A) decreased although it had increased during the earlier agricultural revolution.
B) declined although the annual growth rate increased exponentially.
C) continued to increase despite fluctuations in individual countries.
D) decreased dramatically because fewer people were producing food in rural communities.
E) neither increased nor decreased.

Question 43

Japan is dealing with economic concerns about an aging population by

A) increasing the birth rate.
B) encouraging women and older people to work.
C) encouraging intermarriage between Japanese and non-Japanese workers.
D) increasing its longstanding policy of moving polluting industries to China.
E) encouraging immigration.

Question 44

Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15. In what stage of the demographic transition is this country?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 45

Leading approaches to reducing birth rates emphasize the long-term benefits of

A) teaching people to become more active consumers.
B) school programs that ignore contraceptive techniques and teach "abstinence only."
C) improving men's educational attainment in conjunction with small loans to businesses owned by men in small communities.
D) improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women's educational attainment.
E) information about sexually transmitted diseases.

Question 46

One demographic feature with the most significant future implications is that

A) the natural increase rate is larger every year.
B) there are fewer people in the world now than at the peak in the middle of the twentieth century.
C) the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries.
D) people are uniformly distributed across Earth.
E) the less developed countries have the highest combined crude death rate.

Question 47

The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 48

The population pyramid of a city in southern Florida, Arizona, or even northern Japan may appear ________ because the city's population is dominated by elderly people.

A) "upside down"
B) to have a wide base
C) to have perfectly vertical sides
D) to be an "age-sex ratio"
E) "rightside-up"

Question 49

The government of Bangladesh has helped reduce birth rates mainly by providing

A) an economy as developed as any in Europe.
B) access to and information about universities that women can attend.
C) information about choosing sexual abstinence.
D) access to and information about various methods of contraception.
E) religious reasons for improving the quality of life on Earth.

Question 50

More of the "why" questions of demographics can be addressed with data focusing on

A) inventions.
B) health.
C) topography.
D) "pollution exporting" policies.
E) air quality.

Question 51

Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 52

The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 53

A crude birth rate of approximately 10 per 1,000 is typical of a country in which stage of the demographic transition?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stages 2 and 3.

Question 54

Evaluating the charts on world population growth in this chapter, we can deduce that

A) the world population decreased during the late 1950s although it increased through the rest of the 1900s, owing to fluctuations in the net increase rate.
B) the annual growth rate has increased exponentially, especially between 30,000 and 20,000 years ago.
C) the natural increase rate has been correlated to the growth in global population, and both have increased greatly in the last century.
D) the natural increase rate will always rise.
E) the natural increase rate has been negatively correlated to the doubling time, which is expressed in terms of years, yet the doubling time has not changed greatly in recent decades.

Question 55

Country A has approximately 100,000 children between the ages of 0 and 14, although it has a high infant mortality rate. It also has 202,000 elderly people who have retired from work, although most continue to live in multi-generational households with their children and grandchildren. Country A also has 310,000 people who can participate in the workforce. We can use these data to calculate that the

A) dependency ratio is about 50 percent.
B) life expectancy ratio is about 50 percent.
C) population ratio is high.
D) dependency ratio is about 67 percent.
E) dependency ratio is about 33 percent.

Question 56

The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) none of these stages

Question 57

The low rate of contraceptive use in Africa reflects the region's

A) improving education of women.
B) low status of women.
C) rapid diffusion of contraceptives.
D) low status of men.
E) high rates of religious adherence.

Question 58

A European country's population pyramid would drastically change shape if it began to resemble

A) the population pyramid of Japan.
B) the age-sex diagram of the United States.
C) the population pyramid of Nigeria.
D) the age-sex diagram of Australia.
E) the population pyramid of Canada.

Question 59

Judging by the demographic patterns of recent years, we can surmise that the principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries today is

A) increasing crude birth rates.
B) declining crude birth rates.
C) increasing crude death rates.
D) declining crude death rates.
E) balanced natural increase rates.

Question 60

The shape of a country's population pyramid

A) is determined primarily by its crude birth rate.
B) has no correlation to its crude death rate.
C) cannot be used to estimate the country's dependency rate.
D) cannot be used to estimate the country's sex ratio.
E) is determined primarily by the combination of its crude birth rate and its crude growth rate.

Question 61

The term ________ refers to the control of diseases.

A) transition
B) medicology
C) pandemiology
D) epidemiology
E) infectionical

Question 62

City Y, which is a thriving port and a center of government, contains 4,000,000 people living on 2,000 square kilometers of land. The population density of City Y is 2,000 persons per square kilometer.

Question 63

The physiological density of Egypt is approximately 2,600 persons per square kilometer, while the arithmetic density is approximately 80. This means that most of the country's land is unsuitable for intensive agriculture.

Question 64

Most population growth is presently concentrated in more developed countries.

Question 65

A possible stage five epidemiological transition is the stage of

A) pestilence and famine.
B) receding pandemics, including possible zombie pandemics.
C) degenerative and human-created diseases.
D) delayed degenerative diseases.
E) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases.

Question 66

The highest crude birth rates are found in the less developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Question 67

The two most populous countries in the world are

A) China and India.
B) India and Bangladesh.
C) Russia and the United States.
D) Indonesia and China.
E) the United States and China.

Question 68

The ________ that reached Europe from Central Asia in the 1300s was spread by fleas infecting rats, which were carried from port to port on most ships.

A) Black Blight, or bubonic flu,
B) Flea Plague, or bubonic pestilence,
C) Bubonic Flea Plague
D) Black Plague, or bubonic plague,
E) Rat Plague

Question 69

A country of 30,000,000 people has a crude birth rate of 10. This means that in one year 30 babies were born.

Question 70

All other factors being equal, assess which of the following families would most likely contribute to slowing its country's birth rates.

A) The sons are encouraged to complete as many years of formal education as possible before marrying and/or beginning to raise children themselves.
B) The sons and daughters are encouraged to become active consumers.
C) The daughters are encouraged to complete as many years of formal education as possible before marrying and/or beginning to bear children themselves.
D) The daughters are provided with "abstinence only" sex-education classes in school.
E) The sons and daughters of a family are given classes on birth-control techniques, but they are also expected to get married during their teen years.

Question 71

The stages of the epidemiologic transition are based on

A) causes of death at varying stages of the demographic transition.
B) the means through which disease is transmitted spatially.
C) non-contagious diseases such as heart disease, obesity, or diabetes.
D) new food sources which produced population explosions.
E) pandemics like the bubonic plague, influenza, or AIDS.

Question 72

More people are alive now than at any time in the past.

Question 73

Thomas Malthus concluded that

A) population increased arithmetically while food production increased linguistically.
B) the world's rate of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies.
C) so-called "moral restraint" was producing lower crude birth rates.
D) population growth was outpacing available resources in every country, according to algebraic calculations.
E) crude birth rates must balance crude death rates.

Question 74

More than half of the people in the world live in Asia.

Question 75

City X contains 2,000,000 people living on 1,000 square kilometers of land. The population density of City X is 200 persons per square kilometer.

Question 76

Country A, which lies partly in a fertile valley and partly in a vast desert, contains 10,000,000 people living on 10,000 square kilometers of land. The population density of Country A is 1,000 persons per square kilometer.

Question 77

The highest crude death rates are found in the less developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Question 78

In comparing Malthus's theory to actual world food production and population growth during the past half-century, the principal difference is that

A) actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted.
B) Malthus's theory predicted much higher food production than has actually occurred.
C) actual population growth has been much higher than Malthus predicted.
D) Malthus's theory predicted much higher population growth than has actually occurred.
E) population increased geometrically while food production increased exponentially.

Question 79

Dr. John Snow found that cholera cases in London were

A) spatially associated with certain public wells.
B) being punished for their sins.
C) being transmitted almost exclusively by French and Irish immigrants.
D) transmitted through the air in contagious diffusion.
E) spread through the main seatrading routes by infected rats.

Question 80

The most lethal epidemic in recent years has been

A) avian flu.
B) AIDS.
C) malaria.
D) cholera.
E) SARS.