Deck 41: A: Humanistic Theories

Question 1

Maslow studied healthy, creative people to investigate

A) self-actualization.
B) free association.
C) reciprocal determinism.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Answer 1

self-actualization.

Question 2

Roberta has a secure sense of her own identity and is strongly motivated to develop her unique talents and interests so as to achieve her full potential. According to Abraham Maslow, Roberta exemplifies

A) an Electra complex.
B) illusory optimism.
C) a self-actualizing person.
D) the spotlight.

Answer 2

a self-actualizing person.

Question 3

Morris is hostile, aggressive, and socially destructive. According to Carl Rogers, this behavior pattern results from

A) his growth-inhibiting environment.
B) the collective unconscious.
C) inborn personality traits.
D) an internal locus of control.

Answer 3

his growth-inhibiting environment.

Question 4

Which personality theorists have most clearly been credited with encouraging the popular belief that a positive self-concept is the key to happiness and success?

A) psychoanalytic theorists
B) social-cognitive theorists
C) humanistic theorists
D) trait theorists

Question 5

Which theorists have been criticized for underestimating the human predisposition to engage in destructive and evil behaviors?

A) trait theorists
B) humanistic theorists
C) psychoanalytic theorists
D) social-cognitive theorists

Question 6

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are especially likely to

A) demonstrate the spotlight effect.
B) be open and spontaneous.
C) avoid political disagreements.
D) enjoy many unusually close friendships.

Question 7

Which personality theory emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization?

A) psychoanalytic
B) social-cognitive
C) humanistic
D) trait

Question 8

Who proposed that we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Albert Bandura
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Carl Rogers

Question 9

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are LEAST likely to

A) have a strong ego.
B) have a well-developed superego.
C) experience defensive self-esteem.
D) have a strong sense of gender identity.

Question 10

According to Maslow, the top-level needs that arise after all other needs have been met include the needs for self-actualization and

A) self-esteem.
B) self-transcendence.
C) self-awareness.
D) social acceptance.

Question 11

In assessing a client's personal growth, Carl Rogers measured the correspondence between

A) the pleasure principle and the reality principle.
B) ideal self and actual self.
C) the client's values and the therapist's values.
D) internal locus of control and external locus of control.

Question 12

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience

A) a self-serving bias.
B) a negative self-concept.
C) an external locus of control.
D) a weak superego.

Question 13

According to Carl Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuine, accepting, and

A) conscientious.
B) consistent.
C) extraverted.
D) empathic.

Question 14

Lamont has frequently been rebellious, inconsiderate, and self-centered, yet the pastor of his local church has always accepted and respected him. The pastor's attitude toward Lamont is most explicitly recommended by

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) Albert Bandura.
D) Alfred Adler.