Deck 15: Respiratory System

Question 1

You are looking at a structure in the respiratory tract that is filled with small sacs or air pockets. What structure are you looking at?

A) bronchi
B) alveoli
C) larynx
D) pharynx
E) nose

Answer 1

B

Question 2

After the trachea, what is the next structure that air passes through?

A) bronchi
B) alveolus
C) larynx
D) pharynx
E) bronchioles

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Adam's apple is actually a part of the

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) glottis.
D) vocal cords.
E) trachea.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Most respiratory infections are caused by viruses and can successfully be treated with antibiotics.

Question 5

Carbonic anhydrase

A) is a digestive enzyme.
B) is dissolved in plasma.
C) speeds up the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
D) speeds up the conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen.
E) speeds up the conversion of oxyhemoglobin.

Question 6

Which point in Figure 15.1 produces vocal sounds when air passes through it?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 7

A lung disease caused by bacteria that become encapsulated is called

A) emphysema.
B) pneumonia.
C) rheumatic fever.
D) tuberculosis.
E) pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 8

Which disease causes the lungs to fill with thick fluid?

A) pharyngitis
B) sinusitis
C) emphysema
D) tuberculosis
E) pneumonia

Question 9

Which of the following symptoms would not be typical of otitis media?

A) pain
B) sense of fullness in the ear
C) hearing loss
D) headache
E) dizziness

Question 10

Which of the following is an upper respiratory tract disease?

A) pharyngitis
B) acute bronchitis
C) asthma
D) pneumonia
E) cystic fibrosis

Question 11

Blood in the pulmonary capillaries has a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air.

Question 12

The entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs is called

A) ventilation.
B) external respiration.
C) internal respiration.
D) cellular respiration.
E) inspiration.

Question 13

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood occurs by the process of

A) diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) filtration.
D) active transport.
E) ionic bonding.

Question 14

The maximum volume of air that can be moved in plus the maximum volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath is the

A) tidal volume.
B) inspiratory reserve volume.
C) expiratory reserve volume.
D) vital capacity.
E) residual volume.

Question 15

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs at which location in Figure 15.1?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 16

In an average adult, only about 1/3 of the air inhaled actually reaches the alveoli.

Question 17

Which portion of the respiratory tract is commonly referred to as the "throat"?

A) pharynx
B) larynx
C) glottis
D) trachea
E) epiglottis

Question 18

The type of respiration in which gases are exchanged between the blood and tissue fluid is termed

A) breathing.
B) external respiration.
C) internal respiration.
D) cellular respiration.
E) inspiration.

Question 19

The vocal cords are found in the

A) bronchi.
B) nose.
C) larynx.
D) lungs.
E) pharynx.

Question 20

When we are relaxed, only a small amount of air moves in and out with each breath. This is called

A) static volume.
B) tidal volume.
C) inspiratory reserve volume.
D) expiratory reserve volume.
E) residual volume.

Question 21

Compared to outside air, describe the air that reaches the lungs.

A) warmer and with more moisture
B) warmer and with less moisture
C) cooler and with more moisture
D) cooler and with less moisture
E) exactly the same

Question 22

Which respiratory organ normally allows both air and food passage?

A) bronchi
B) trachea
C) larynx
D) pharynx
E) nasal cavity

Question 23

Trace the path of an inhaled air molecule.

A) nasal cavity → glottis → larynx → trachea → pharynx → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
B) nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → glottis → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
C) nasal cavity → pharynx → glottis → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
D) nasal cavity → pharynx → glottis → larynx → trachea → bronchioles → bronchi → alveoli
E) nasal cavity → pharynx → glottis → trachea → larynx → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 24

Which of the following is a major function of the respiratory tract?

A) warming incoming air before it reaches the lungs
B) moistening incoming air
C) filtering out dust and water particles
D) conducting air with higher O₂ to lungs and conducting air with higher CO₂ back out
E) All of the answer choices describe functions of the respiratory system.

Question 25

Oxygen in the lungs diffuses from the capillary walls to enter the alveolar walls.

Question 26

What happens to the blood pH if a person hyperventilates?

A) The pH will increase.
B) The pH will remain the same.
C) The pH will decrease.
D) The pH will initially increase but then dramatically decrease.
E) The pH will initially decrease but then dramatically increase.

Question 27

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) bronchioles.
D) saliva.
E) epiglottis.

Question 28

In humans, the lungs inflate when the

A) rib muscles contract.
B) diaphragm muscle contracts.
C) external intercostal rib muscles and diaphragm contract.
D) diaphragm relaxes.
E) rib muscles and diaphragm relax.

Question 29

Which part of the respiratory system is composed of C-shaped cartilaginous rings and cilia?

A) pharynx
B) larynx
C) trachea
D) bronchioles
E) alveoli

Question 30

Which of the following treatments can cure lung cancer?

A) pneumonectomy
B) steroids
C) antibiotics
D) mucus-thinning drugs
E) tracheotomy

Question 31

A voice changes from high to low pitch in speaking by

A) changing the volume of air that flows across the vocal cords.
B) controlling the growth of the tissue.
C) increasing the amplitude of the vocal cord vibrations.
D) changing the tension on the vocal cords.
E) changing the tension on the epiglottis.

Question 32

Which statement correctly describes air movement along the respiratory tract?

A) Cilia and hairs in the bronchi help to screen out foreign particles in the air.
B) Food and air both enter through the larynx, presenting a potential danger to respiration.
C) Air reaching the lungs has been warmed to body temperature by passage through the nose and upper respiratory system.
D) The epiglottis is the passageway through the larynx by which air enters the trachea.
E) The bronchi serve as passageways into the trachea.

Question 33

If a person has chronic bronchitis, will they cough up mucus?

A) Yes
B) No

Question 34

Which of the following respiratory structures will have the least amount of cartilage and the thinnest walls?

A) larynx
B) trachea
C) bronchi
D) bronchioles
E) pharynx

Question 35

The majority of cases of lung cancer are associated with smoking.

Question 36

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a defective gene.

Question 37

Both inspiration and expiration require active engagement of the diaphragm and the rib muscles.

Question 38

Which association is correct?

A) larynx-throat
B) trachea-air filtration
C) alveoli-gas exchange
D) pharynx-vocal cords
E) bronchioles-hair and mucus

Question 39

What happens to the pH of the bloodstream if a person hypoventilates?

A) The pH of the blood will become more acidic.
B) The pH of the blood will increase.
C) The pH of the blood will initially increase and then dramatically decrease.
D) The pH of the blood will initially decrease and then dramatically increase.
E) Nothing will happen to the pH of the blood.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true regarding the normal mechanism of ventilation?

A) There must be a continuous column of air from the pharynx to the alveoli.
B) The lungs must lie within a sealed-off thoracic cavity.
C) The inner and outer pleural membranes must be separated by a thin film of fluid.
D) The diaphragm, when contracted, will be lowered.
E) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 41

Which of the following diseases is caused by exposure to particles inhaled primarily in the workplace (silica, coal dust, etc.)?

A) emphysema
B) pneumonia
C) rheumatic fever
D) tuberculosis
E) pulmonary fibrosis

Question 42

You should treat the common cold with antibiotics to shorten the duration of symptoms.

Question 43

The breathing rate is controlled by chemoreceptors that detect

A) levels of oxygen in the alveolar air space.
B) levels of oxygen in the blood.
C) levels of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air space.
D) levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.
E) level of stretching of the rib muscles and diaphragm.

Question 44

What keeps the alveoli open so that gas exchange can take place?

A) rings of cartilage
B) surfactant
C) smooth muscle
D) mucus
E) air

Question 45

Most of the carbon dioxide transported in the plasma is in the form of

A) gas bubbles.
B) oxyhemoglobin.
C) bicarbonate ions.
D) carbaminohemoglobin.
E) carbon monoxide.

Question 46

Sarah comes home from school with a horrible pressure behind her eyes. Her nose is running and she has a headache. She recently had a cold. What is Sarah most likely suffering from?

A) otitis media
B) sinusitis
C) bronchitis
D) asthma
E) pneumonia

Question 47

Aortic and carotid bodies are

A) the same as the SA and AV nodes.
B) types of valves in the heart.
C) present in the lungs.
D) sensitive to changes in CO₂ and H⁺ in the blood.
E) sensitive to oxygen changes.

Question 48

From the inside of the lungs, what is the first cell type the air must pass through to reach the blood?

A) simple squamous epithelium
B) cartilage
C) muscle
D) red blood cells
E) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 49

If a lung is punctured in a car accident, that lobe fails to inflate even though there is no obstruction of the air passageway to that lobe. Why?

A) The trauma must have damaged the nerve path controlling ribs on that side of the lung.
B) Negative feedback prevents the ribs and diaphragm on that side from causing pain.
C) When the chest volume expands, air can now rush in through the puncture without filling the alveoli.
D) Mucus or blood must be filling the lobe.
E) Stimulation of stretch receptors in the alveolar walls initiate inhibitory nerve impulses.

Question 50

A short while after a person has died, a "gasp" of air may occur as the lungs collapse. This flow would represent the

A) tidal volume.
B) expiratory reserve volume.
C) total lung volume.
D) vital capacity.
E) residual volume.

Question 51

Oxygen is transported in blood most efficiently by

A) being dissolved in the plasma.
B) chemical conversion to water.
C) combining with hemoglobin.
D) combining with carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate ions.
E) a free oxygen ion or radical.

Question 52

Which of the following groups are collectively known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A) emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma
B) emphysema, tuberculosis, and cystic fibrosis
C) chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, and pulmonary fibrosis
D) tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and asthma
E) pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis

Question 53

An infection with Mycobacterium can cause tubercles in the lungs.

Question 54

The symptoms of laryngitis include a severe sore throat, high fever, and white patches on the throat.

Question 55

What components does respiration include?

A) only the exchange of oxygen in the lungs
B) exchange of gases in the lungs and in the tissues
C) only the exchange of oxygen in the tissues
D) only exchange of carbon dioxide in the lungs
E) only the exchange of carbon dioxide in the tissues

Question 56

All of the disorders of the respiratory system are due to infectious diseases.

Question 57

Which of the following lung conditions is most likely to be cured?

A) advanced lung cancer with metastases
B) tuberculosis
C) asthma
D) emphysema
E) COPD

Question 58

Which disease is triggered by allergies?

A) otitis media
B) laryngitis
C) asthma
D) pneumonia
E) emphysema

Question 59

Scientific studies have shown that which of the following is associated with smoking?

A) increased risk of lung cancer
B) increased severity of allergies
C) increased risk of ulcers
D) increased risk of stroke
E) All of the answer choices are risks that increase with smoking.

Question 60

The highest carbon dioxide concentration will be found in (or at) the

A) atmosphere.
B) trachea.
C) alveoli.
D) tissue cells.
E) blood.

Question 61

How does expired air compare with inspired air?

A) Expired air contains less oxygen but more carbon dioxide.
B) Expired air contains less oxygen and less carbon dioxide.
C) Expired air contains more oxygen and more carbon dioxide.
D) Expired air contains more oxygen but less carbon dioxide.
E) Expired and inspired air contain the same amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 62

Blood richest in oxygen is found in the

A) inferior vena cava.
B) superior vena cava.
C) pulmonary arteries.
D) pulmonary veins.
E) systemic capillaries.

Question 63

Phillip is breathing at approximately 40 ventilations per minute. What is the respiratory center indicating?

A) low oxygen concentration in the lungs
B) high carbon dioxide concentration in the blood
C) low oxygen concentration in the blood
D) the firing of the intercostal nerves
E) stretch receptors in the alveolar walls

Question 64

Identify the four respiratory volumes that can be measured with a spirometer.

Question 65

Which of the following is a correct association of a lower respiratory problem and its cause or symptoms?

A) chronic bronchitis-loss of lung elasticity due exposure to silica, dust, or asbestos
B) pulmonary fibrosis-ongoing inflammation and possible infection of bronchi with loss of cilia
C) emphysema-a bacterial infection that the body tries to isolate and seal off
D) pulmonary tuberculosis-reduced lung and chest volume due to collapsed alveoli
E) Pneumocystis carinii-pneumonia caused by a fungus in absence of a healthy immune system

Question 66

List and describe the three major functions of the respiratory system.

Question 67

Which is a correct association of respiratory problems and symptoms?

A) laryngitis-inflammation of the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx. Sometimes cured by removal of the tissue.
B) tonsillitis- inflammation of the larynx that causes hoarseness or loss of voice
C) otitis media-ear pain due to bacterial infection of the middle ear
D) sinusitis-infection of the throat
E) pharyngitis- pain and tenderness in lower forehead and over the cheeks

Question 68

Why does the surface of the lungs need to be covered with pleura?

A) to allow the exchange of oxygen within the alveoli
B) to allow the exchange of carbon dioxide within the alveoli
C) to produce the muscular contractions that expand the lungs
D) to enable the lungs to slide past the internal chest wall and diaphragm
E) to prevent the alveoli from collapsing due to pressure

Question 69

By what route does CO₂ leave the body?

A) pulmonary artery → alveolus → bronchus → bronchiole → trachea → pharynx → larynx
B) pulmonary vein → bronchiole → alveolus → bronchus → trachea → pharynx → larynx
C) pulmonary artery → alveolus → bronchiole → bronchus → trachea → larynx → pharynx
D) pulmonary vein → alveolus → bronchus → bronchiole → trachea → larynx → pharynx
E) pulmonary artery → alveolus → bronchiole → bronchus → trachea → pharynx → larynx