Deck 12: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

In the tissues, oxygen and nutrients enter the capillaries and carbon dioxide and wastes leave the capillaries.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

What is the correct sequence in which a drop of blood returning from the body encounters the heart valves?

A) right atrioventricular valve → aortic semilunar valve → left atrioventricular valve → pulmonary semilunar valve
B) right atrioventricular valve → pulmonary semilunar valve → left atrioventricular valve → aortic semilunar valve
C) left atrioventricular valve → pulmonary semilunar valve → right atrioventricular valve → aortic semilunar valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve → left atrioventricular valve → aortic semilunar valve → right atrioventricular valve
E) left atrioventricular valve → aortic semilunar valve → right atrioventricular valve → pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The outer sac that encloses the heart and provides lubrication is the

A) myocardium.
B) endocardium.
C) ectocardium.
D) pericardium.
E) coronary capsule.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sphincter muscles regulate the opening and closing of arterioles leading to capillary beds, directing the flow of blood to different areas of the body depending on the body's needs.

Question 5

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents blood from reentering the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.
E) pulmonary trunk.

Question 6

Capillaries exchange oxygen and nutrients for wastes in the tissues.

Question 7

When arterioles constrict, blood pressure decreases.

Question 8

How many layers does an arterial wall possess? Which is the thickest?

A) two, the inside layer
B) three, the inside layer
C) two, the outside layer
D) three, the outside layer
E) three, the middle layer

Question 9

Which of the following is true about capillaries?

A) Capillaries are extremely narrow.
B) Capillaries join arteries to arterioles.
C) Capillaries walls have three layers.
D) Capillaries are present in only a limited number of internal organs.
E) Capillaries work individually to carry out their function.

Question 10

Which of these statements accurately describes the heart? Check all that apply.

A) The heart is a double pump.
B) The heart helps maintain blood pressure.
C) The heart makes red blood cells.
D) The heart is composed primarily of muscle.
E) The heart has an inner lining made of endothelium.

Question 11

Which of the following is true concerning a comparison of arteries and veins?

A) Both are attached to arterioles.
B) Both are attached to venules.
C) Both contain three layers in their walls.
D) Both contain valves.
E) Both allow nutrient exchange across their walls.

Question 12

Which organ of the body contains very few, if any, capillary beds?

A) the heart
B) the cornea
C) the liver
D) the stomach
E) the skin

Question 13

In the fetal heart, the lungs are deflated and the fetus receives oxygen from its mother across the placenta through the umbilical cord. There is an opening in the wall between the left and right side of the fetal heart. Normally, this closes before birth. What symptoms would be expected if this heart wall opening remained open?

A) It would cause hypertension; fetal blood pressure would be abnormally high.
B) This would balance the diastolic and systolic blood pressure readings.
C) Deoxygenated blood would mix with oxygenated blood and systemic circulation would have too little oxygen to sustain healthy growth.
D) This would not actually cause any bad effects at all since the heart pumping would be equally distributed between left and right ventricles.
E) This would cause blood to flow back out of the heart through the right atrium and cause drastic effects in the fetus.

Question 14

All arteries contain oxygenated blood and all veins contain nonoxygenated blood.

Question 15

A microscope is required to see arteries and arterioles.

Question 16

Which statement(s) is/are correct? Check all that apply.

A) Arteries have a thick muscular layer.
B) Veins can control blood pressure.
C) Capillaries are the site of oxygen and nutrient exchange.
D) Veins have valves to assist with one-way blood flow.
E) Capillaries contain most of the blood volume.

Question 17

What is the correct sequence in which a drop of blood returning from the body encounters the heart chambers?

A) left atrium → left ventricle → right atrium → right ventricle
B) left ventricle → left atrium → right ventricle → right atrium
C) right atrium → left atrium → left ventricle → right ventricle
D) right atrium → left ventricle → left atrium → right ventricle
E) right atrium → right ventricle → left atrium → left ventricle

Question 18

Which blood vessels will have walls only one cell thick?

A) capillaries
B) venules
C) veins
D) arterioles
E) arteries

Question 19

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A) capillaries
B) venules
C) veins
D) arteries
E) lymph vessels

Question 20

A heart murmur that sounds like "lub-dup-shush" would indicate which of the following?

A) atrioventricular valve is not closing properly
B) semilunar valve is not closing properly
C) high blood pressure in the atria
D) ventricles are not contracting properly
E) low blood pressure in the ventricles

Question 21

The major portion of the heart is the myocardium, made up mainly of cardiac muscle.

Question 22

The heart rate speeds up or slows down because the

A) AV node detects lower levels of oxygen and sends faster signals to the SA node.
B) brain consciously detects the need for more oxygen and intentionally stimulates the heart.
C) medulla oblongata, through the autonomic system, stimulates or depresses heart rate based on activity and stress.
D) hormone epinephrine inhibits the heartbeat.
E) SA node detects lower levels of oxygen and sends faster signals to the AV node.

Question 23

The pacemaker of the heart is termed the

A) AV node.
B) cardiac center in the medulla.
C) SA node.
D) vagus nerve.
E) Purkinje fibers.

Question 24

If you are tracing the path of blood from the right to the left side of the heart, you must mention the

A) lungs.
B) hepatic portal vein.
C) aorta.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 25

Intrinsic control of heartbeat rate involves what mechanism(s)?

A) The AV node initiates heartbeat, although the SA node can generate a slower beat rate.
B) The atrioventricular bundle initiates signals that travel to the Purkinje fibers.
C) The Purkinje fibers initiate signals that travel to the atrioventricular bundle.
D) The SA node initiates heartbeat and the AV node inhibits the heartbeat.
E) The SA node initiates heartbeat, although the AV node can generate a slower beat rate.

Question 26

The alternating expansion and recoil of an arterial wall is termed a(n)

A) ECG.
B) EEG.
C) pulse.
D) hypertension.
E) heart murmur.

Question 27

The part of the circulation involved with pumping blood to and from the lungs is the

A) systemic circuit.
B) internal respiration circuit.
C) microcirculation circuit.
D) pulmonary circuit.
E) ECG circuit.

Question 28

Systole occurs when

A) the heart tissue is contracting.
B) the heart tissue is relaxing.
C) the semilunar valves open and close.
D) the aortic valves open and close.
E) there is no heartbeat.

Question 29

Which phase of the ECG indicates ventricular excitation and contraction?

A) P wave
B) QRS wave
C) T wave
D) U wave
E) I wave

Question 30

The electrical changes that occur in the heart during contraction are recordings termed

A) EEGs.
B) ECGs.
C) EGGs.
D) EMGs.
E) MIGs.

Question 31

The "lub" heart sound is due to the

A) onward rush of blood to the heart.
B) contraction of aortic muscle tissue.
C) closing of the semilunar valves.
D) closing of the atrioventricular valves.
E) the recoil of the aorta following the ventricle contraction.

Question 32

In a hypothetical experiment, the blood flow between two dogs is joined and one dog is stressed so that its heart rate goes up rapidly. What will happen to the heart rate of the second dog?

A) It will remain calm because the heart rate is determined intrinsically in each heart.
B) Heart rate will go up due to an increase in epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood.
C) Heart rate will go up due to signals from the first dog's SA node.
D) It will remain calm because there is no connection of the dogs' sympathetic nervous systems.
E) The heart rate of the second dog will decrease to compensate for the speed of the first dog's heart.

Question 33

When the paramedic shouts "stand back" and applies the paddles to administer a strong current, this is an attempt to

A) restart ventricular contractions that have completely stopped.
B) reverse control of heartbeat from AV to SA nodes.
C) align the P-QRS waves with the electrical paddle waves.
D) stop the ventricles from uncontrolled contractions so the SA node can reestablish a coordinated beat.
E) destroy heart tissue that is out of control.

Question 34

Which blood vessel has the highest concentration of carbon dioxide?

A) pulmonary artery
B) pulmonary vein
C) aorta
D) renal vein
E) hepatic portal vein

Question 35

The sound of a heartbeat results when the ventricles contract and blood is surged out of the heart.

Question 36

Oxygenated blood enters the heart at the

A) left atrium.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) right ventricle.
E) pulmonary arteries.

Question 37

Diastole is contraction of the heart and systole is relaxation.

Question 38

In humans, the superior vena cava

A) carries blood to the right atrium.
B) carries blood away from the right atrium.
C) joins with the aorta.
D) has a high blood pressure.
E) carries O₂-rich blood.

Question 39

Early doctors did not understand that blood flowed in a circuit. Instead, they assumed that blood ebbed and flowed like a tide in the body. William Harvey was the first to demonstrate the circulation of blood and convince the medical community. Which of the following observations would be evidence that blood was pumped through the body or flowed in a circuit?

A) Dissecting a live fish shows the heart beating and blood moving, gushing one direction.
B) A very tight tourniquet causes the arteries to swell on the side toward the heart, but not on the side of the ligature away from the heart.
C) Measuring the volume of the heart and counting the beats per minute gives a value of 520 pounds of blood an hour, many times a person's volume.
D) In surface veins, blood can be pressed past a valve toward the heart but not away from the heart.
E) A cut made anywhere on the body results in blood seeping from the wound.

Question 40

Contraction of the right ventricle forces blood initially into the

A) left atrium.
B) right atrium.
C) aorta.
D) pulmonary vein.
E) pulmonary artery.

Question 41

The reason red blood cells only live about 120 days is because red blood cells

A) lack a nucleus and therefore cannot defend themselves from a pathogen attack.
B) lack a nucleus and therefore cannot repair and rebuild cell structures.
C) are attacked and eaten by white blood cells.
D) are physiologically inferior cells that are not made to last very long.
E) are destroyed by the high levels of oxygen they carry.

Question 42

Which of the following proteins is found in abundance within red blood cells?

A) albumin
B) hemoglobin
C) globulin
D) fibrinogen
E) myoglobin

Question 43

The blood vessel that provides oxygen to the heart tissue is the

A) pulmonary artery.
B) coronary artery.
C) left carotid artery.
D) renal artery.
E) left subclavian artery.

Question 44

Which association is correct?

A) red blood cells-fight infection
B) white blood cells-carry oxygen
C) water-maintains blood volume
D) oxygen-maintaining blood pH
E) albumin-fights infection

Question 45

A reading of 120/80 indicates blood velocity.

Question 46

Which of the following is a characteristic of hemoglobin?

A) carried in red blood cells
B) an oxygen transporter
C) made of protein and heme
D) a red pigment
E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of hemoglobin.

Question 47

Which of the following correctly traces the path of blood from the heart to the kidneys and back to the heart again?

A) left ventricle → vena cava → renal vein → kidney → renal artery → aorta → right atrium
B) right atrium → aorta → renal artery → kidney → renal vein → hepatic portal vein → vena cava → left atrium
C) left ventricle → renal artery → kidney → renal vein → vena cava → right atrium
D) left ventricle → aorta → renal artery → kidney → renal vein → vena cava → right atrium
E) right ventricle → aorta → renal artery → kidney → renal vein → vena cava → hepatic portal vein → right atrium

Question 48

A waitress that stands for hours and has a habit of crossing her legs when she sits will increase the chances of having blood accumulate in her

A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) capillaries.
D) left ventricle.
E) right ventricle.

Question 49

Why is it advantageous to have blood move slowly in the capillaries?

A) It will not cause damage to the valves.
B) It maintains the high pressure in the capillaries.
C) It provides time for substances to be exchanged between blood and tissue fluids.
D) It creates a greater osmotic pressure for cells.
E) It is the major way to control blood pressure.

Question 50

Which specific component in hemoglobin combines with oxygen?

A) heme
B) globin
C) iron in the heme
D) iron in the globin
E) the polypeptide

Question 51

Blood flow in the capillaries is

A) slower because there are more capillaries and they have a greater total cross-sectional area than arterioles.
B) faster because they are smaller and blood must speed up to get through.
C) the same speed as in the arteries and veins since they are the input and output points.
D) highly variable due to different tissues, but must average the same as speeds in arteries and the veins.
E) slower than in other blood vessels because of the presence of valves.

Question 52

Which structure(s) would be subject to the lowest blood pressure?

A) vena cava
B) aorta
C) atrioventricular valve
D) pulmonary arteries
E) semilunar valve

Question 53

Which of the following is correctly associated?

A) arteries-blood toward the heart
B) ventricles-receive blood from body
C) valves-veins
D) left heart-lungs
E) inferior vena cava-receives oxygenated blood

Question 54

The blood that enters the coronary artery comes from the

A) pulmonary artery.
B) pulmonary vein.
C) aorta.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 55

Blood traveling from the intestines to the liver travels through the

A) pulmonary vein.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) superior vena cava.
D) coronary vessels.
E) hepatic portal vein.

Question 56

Usually there is only one capillary bed between an artery and vein; an exception to this is the

A) coronary vessels that serve the heart.
B) pulmonary system that serves the lungs and where all factors are reversed.
C) hepatic portal system which runs from the capillary bed in the intestine to the capillary bed in the liver via a hepatic portal vein.
D) brain circulation which requires special continuous blood flow.
E) large bones that lack capillaries but are fed by an artery/vein system.

Question 57

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/80, the "120" refers to the

A) diastolic pressure.
B) systolic pressure.
C) pulse pressure.
D) capillary pressure.
E) venous pressure.

Question 58

Venous return does not depend on

A) respiratory movements.
B) skeletal muscle contractions.
C) the presence of valves.
D) limb movement.
E) blood pressure.

Question 59

The systemic circuit circulates blood from the

A) right ventricle to left atrium.
B) left ventricle to left atrium.
C) right ventricle to right atrium.
D) left ventricle to right atrium.
E) pulmonary artery to the lungs.

Question 60

Researchers have long attempted to find a substitute for red blood cells, specifically the ability to carry oxygen. Which of the following properties would be important for "artificial red blood cells"?

A) must attach to and never release oxygen
B) must release oxygen to any other medium despite concentration gradient
C) would bind to iron molecules already bound to other artificial blood units
D) must provide the clotting reaction
E) would bind to oxygen in a high oxygen concentration solution and release oxygen when in a low oxygen concentration solution

Question 61

Accumulation of cholesterol beneath the inner linings of arteries is called

A) hypertension.
B) heart attack.
C) stroke.
D) atherosclerosis.
E) thrombus.

Question 62

The element in your blood necessary for the clotting process is

A) calcium.
B) phosphorus.
C) chlorine.
D) iron.
E) sodium.

Question 63

Neutrophils and lymphocytes are types of

A) platelets.
B) red blood cells.
C) white blood cells.
D) plasma cells.
E) epithelial cells.

Question 64

Aged red blood cells are destroyed in the

A) red bone marrow.
B) lungs.
C) lymph nodes.
D) spleen and liver.
E) capillaries.

Question 65

In a coronary bypass operation, a stent is placed within the blockage and the clogged area is compressed.

Question 66

Gender is a variable in assessing the likelihood of developing a cardiovascular disease.

Question 67

Hypertension is sometimes called the silent killer because no symptoms may be experienced until a stroke or heart attack occurs.

Question 68

Stem cells are

A) formed from the formed elements in the blood.
B) found only in bone marrow.
C) found only in embryos.
D) capable of dividing and differentiating into many cell types, including neurons.
E) incapable of dividing but can differentiate into any other type of cell.

Question 69

The long insoluble threads of a blood clot originate from

A) fibrinogen.
B) thrombin.
C) collagen.
D) prothrombin.
E) platelets.

Question 70

Which of the following is a true statement about tissue fluid?

A) Tissue fluid exits from white blood cells.
B) Tissue fluid exits the capillary at the venous end.
C) Tissue fluid is collected by the lymphatic capillaries.
D) Tissue fluid contains more protein than blood.
E) Tissue fluid forms at the venous end of a capillary.

Question 71

Hemophilia is an inherited clotting disorder found most often in males.

Question 72

Only blood pressure controls movement of fluid through the capillary wall into the tissue. Therefore, people with high blood pressure often have swelling issues.

Question 73

What is a clot called that remains at its origin? What is a clot called that breaks away and becomes lodged in the lungs?

A) thrombus; cerebral embolism
B) embolus; cerebral embolism
C) thrombus; pulmonary embolism
D) embolus; pulmonary embolism
E) thrombus; stroke

Question 74

Lymph, such as that collected under a blister, contains all the components of blood except

A) water.
B) salts.
C) sugars.
D) dissolved gases.
E) blood cells, albumin, and other plasma proteins.

Question 75

Platelets

A) phagocytize bacteria.
B) are responsible for blood type.
C) initiate clotting.
D) transport oxygen in the blood.
E) are responsible for the buildup of plaques on artery walls.

Question 76

A person with normal blood volume and white cell count but low red cell count or low hemoglobin content may be suffering from

A) hemophilia.
B) anemia.
C) leukemia.
D) mononucleosis.
E) blood poisoning.

Question 77

It may be possible to fix heart muscle that has been damaged using stem cell therapy.

Question 78

The two enzymes in the clotting process are

A) fibrin and prothrombin activator.
B) prothrombin activator and thrombin.
C) platelets and fibrin.
D) prothrombin and calcium.
E) albumin and hemoglobin.

Question 79

Before major surgery, a patient is often asked if they have been taking large amounts of aspirin, and if so, they may have to postpone surgery and go without aspirin for some days. What is the reason for this?

A) Aspirin interferes with the action of prothrombin activator.
B) Aspirin causes the blood to be thinner or less viscous.
C) Aspirin decreases red blood cell production.
D) Aspirin reduces the stickiness of platelets and reduces the ability to clot.
E) Aspirin eliminates pain and some pain is necessary for healing.

Question 80

Neutrophils are agranular leukocytes.