Deck 4: Socialization

Question 1

What is the most productive and scientific approach to studying identical twins who were reared apart in totally different environments?

A) ignore both nature and nurture and use the scientific method to understand the similarities and differences
B) recognize the dynamic interplay between nature and nurture
C) emphasize the nature argument and discount the nurture argument as much as possible
D) emphasize the nurture argument and discount the nature argument as much as possible

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What do The Legend of Greystoke and the "wild boy of Aveyron" have in common?

A) They are both fictitious accounts of infants lost in the wilderness.
B) They both illustrate the importance of heredity in the socialization process.
C) They were identical twins separated at birth, one living in Africa and one in France.
D) They are both stories about feral children raised in social isolation from other humans.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The first stage in Piaget's model of cognitive development, in which children can experience the world only through their senses, is the ________.

A) imitative stage
B) sensorimotor stage
C) preconventional stage
D) concrete operational stage

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The single most powerful medium for communicating a standardized message to millions of people in a matter of moments is ________.

A) radio
B) the Internet
C) television
D) the newspaper

Question 5

What is the result of children's watching as much as 40 hours of television a week?

A) Research demonstrates the effects are primarily negative.
B) Research demonstrates the effects are primarily positive.
C) Television viewing has not been a topic of much sociological research.
D) Studies show mixed results but television viewing does have an impact on the socialization process.

Question 6

Teaching right and wrong and other normative aspects of the culture other than purely academic subjects in school is called ________.

A) the academic boot camp
B) tracking
C) gatekeeping
D) the hidden curriculum

Question 7

What are groups and institutions that both formally and informally take on the task of socialization called?

A) total institutions
B) social institutions
C) agents of socialization
D) sociocultural entrepreneurs

Question 8

What phrase did Harry Gracey use to describe kindergarten?

A) "the academic boot camp"
B) "the key to the lock of life"
C) "the beginning of the future"
D) "the foremost of all institutions"

Question 9

What did Charles Horton Cooley call the process in which individuals use others like mirrors and base their conceptions of themselves on what is reflected back to them during social interaction?

A) sensorimotor image
B) looking-glass self
C) dramaturgical analysis
D) ethnomethodology

Question 10

A field that integrates theories and research from biology and sociology in an effort to better understand human behavior is ________.

A) epistemology
B) physiognomy
C) sociobiology
D) phrenology

Question 11

The social scientist who identified three developmental stages in adult life that he called early, middle, and late adulthood was ________.

A) Talcott Parsons
B) Robert Merton
C) Edwin Sutherland
D) Erik Erikson

Question 12

Sociologist Sherry Turkle notes that the computer is more than a tool and that it becomes a part of our identity, which she calls ________.

A) the second self
B) the electronic republic
C) the technological genie
D) persona electronica

Question 13

Which perspective MOST applies to socialization when it is used as a powerful and effective tool to maintain the status quo and legitimize existing social inequalities?

A) symbolic interactionism
B) the structuralist perspective
C) the conflict perspective
D) the functionalist perspective

Question 14

Grossman referred to computers and electronic telecommunications that can change how people view society, government, and themselves as the ________.

A) technical matrix
B) electronic republic
C) telecommunications revolution
D) computerized nation

Question 15

Which of the following phrases BEST describes how major television networks and news journals such as Time and Newsweek portray the news?

A) They promote multiculturalism, personal refinement, social order, and responsible capitalism.
B) They promote ethnocentrism, social order, rugged individualism, and responsible capitalism.
C) They promote multiculturalism, social spontaneity, rugged individualism, and socialism.
D) They promote ethnocentrism, personal refinement, social creativity, and socialism.

Question 16

Prisons, mental hospitals, monasteries, and military bases can BEST be classified as ________.

A) total institutions
B) agents of socialization
C) rites of passage
D) bureaucracies

Question 17

In the "nature vs. nurture" debate regarding socialization, nature refers to ________ and nurture refers to ________.

A) heredity; environment
B) instinct; biology
C) environment; parental rearing
D) parental rearing; instinct

Question 18

When Private Johnson arrived in Saigon for his first tour of duty in Vietnam, he had to learn a new language and a radically different set of norms, attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviors to survive. In view of this, what is the developmental process to which Private Johnson has been subjected?

A) resocialization
B) desocialization
C) peer pressure
D) a degradation ceremony

Question 19

What did the research of Leavitt and Power demonstrate about the impact day-care centers had on a child's emotional development?

A) Day-care centers created a sense of false dependency by the children on the staff.
B) Day-care centers were just as important as the family in providing socialization.
C) Day-care centers were far superior to the family in providing socialization skills.
D) Day-care centers were a very poor substitute for socialization compared to what was provided by parents.

Question 20

The creative, more spontaneous, uninhibited initiator of social action also referred to as the "unsocialized self as subject" in Mead's theory of development is called the ________.

A) I
B) me
C) id
D) libido

Question 21

What is the most accessed web site among females and males ages 18 to 24?

A) Facebook
B) MySpace
C) Yahoo
D) MTV

Question 22

In George Herbert Mead's schema, the socialized self as object is referred to as the ________.

A) I
B) me
C) id
D) libido

Question 23

Places where people carry out virtually all their activities under supervision and some level of control, such as prisons, jails, mental hospitals, and military bases, are called social institutions.

Question 24

In Daniel Levinson's developmental approach to adult socialization, what was the age span of the "midlife decade?"

A) 20-30
B) 25-35
C) 35-45
D) 40-50

Question 25

The book written by Charles Darwin that contended all organisms are in a constant state of struggle to survive through making biological and physiological changes was ________.

A) The War of the Worlds
B) On the Origin of Species
C) Principles of Sociology
D) The Communist Manifesto

Question 26

The social scientist who developed a theory of cognitive development that included the sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage was ________.

A) Lawrence Kohlberg
B) Jean Piaget
C) Erik Erikson
D) Daniel Levinson

Question 27

Which sociological perspective stresses how socialization reinforces the social structure, perpetuates society, and transmits culture from one generation to the next?

A) symbolic interactionism
B) structural functionalism
C) the conflict perspective
D) the neoconflict perspective

Question 28

The three stages in the theory of social development proposed by George Herbert Mead were the id, the ego, the super ego.

Question 29

The book written by Aldous Huxley that drew a frightening scenario in which the government of the future dominated the socialization process of its citizens was ________.

A) 1984
B) A Clockwork Orange
C) Brave New World
D) War of the Worlds

Question 30

Learning designed to prepare an individual for future statuses and roles is called ________.

A) anticipatory socialization
B) primary socialization
C) adult socialization
D) developmental socialization

Question 31

A process in which individuals move from one biological and social stage to another as they grow and develop is called social mobility.

Question 32

Approximately how long is the socialization process for the normal human being?

A) It lasts as long as the imitation stage in Mead's theory of development.
B) It begins at birth and concludes by age six or seven.
C) It begins when the child first interacts with others and it expires in adolescence.
D) It is lifelong, from birth to death.

Question 33

In what country was the feral child known as the "wild boy of Aveyron" discovered?

A) France
B) Spain
C) Nigeria
D) Rwanda

Question 34

What are the three agents of socialization that are MOST widely accepted as legitimate socializing agents?

A) peers, workplace, media
B) peers, family, media
C) family, school, religion
D) family, media, religion

Question 35

The social scientist who addressed the social world of convicts in maximum security prison and their simultaneous resocialization process was ________.

A) John Irwin
B) Blaine "Ju Ju" Gamble
C) William Julius Wilson
D) Michael "Heavy" Manning

Question 36

The medium with the greatest share of attention by teenagers ________.

A) the movies
B) cable television
C) rented movies
D) Internet-online services

Question 37

The term George Herbert Mead used to describe specific people with whom we interact and whose response has meaning for us was primary group members.

Question 38

Michael has just entered the county jail to complete a six-month sentence for driving under the influence. He has been stripped of his designer street clothing, required to surrender his gold jewelry, and issued a set of prison blues, deloused, and has had a body cavity search. In view of this, which term BEST describes the process Michael has just completed?

A) a degradation ceremony
B) a formal negative sanction
C) an informal negative sanction
D) a stage in the life course

Question 39

The field that integrates theories and research from biology and sociology in an effort to better understand human behavior is called cultural anthropology.

Question 40

What sociological perspective has contributed the most to socialization through its emphasis on microlevel analysis of interaction, the importance of primary groups, and interpretation of meaningful symbols?

A) structural functionalism
B) symbolic interactionism
C) the conflict perspective
D) the neo-conflict perspective

Question 41

Developmental socialization, resocialization, and desocialization are primarily aspects of the adult developmental process.

Question 42

Children who are approximately the same age, live in the same village or neighborhood, and interact in a patterned way are called ________.

Question 43

The practice of religion has been a product of civilization, first appearing about the time cities developed some 6,000 years ago.

Question 44

An overriding way of viewing and interpreting the world defines life theme.

Question 45

A dominant pattern of attitudes, feelings, and behaviors and what sociologists call a concept of self is ________.

Question 46

A process in which we learn and internalize the attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms of our culture and develop a sense of self is called ________.

Question 47

Groups and institutions that both formally and informally take on the task of socialization are referred to as agents of socialization.

Question 48

Marine Corps boot camp is a classic example of a total institution that also combines a degradation ceremony and depersonalization with resocialization.

Question 49

Stripping an individual of his or her former self, publicly stigmatizing them, and assigning them a new identity is called a degradation ceremony.

Question 50

The workplace is especially important as an agent of socialization in societies driven by an agrarian economy.

Question 51

The argument for nature as the primary influence in the development of personality relies heavily on the book On the Origin of Species published in 1859 by Charles Darwin.

Question 52

In Erikson's middle adulthood stage, the greatest conflict experienced is the choice between spending time with the family and establishing one's career.

Question 53

An overriding way of viewing and interpreting the world is an important part of religious socialization called a ________.

Question 54

A person's conscious recognition that he or she is a distinct individual who is a part of a larger society is the definition of self.

Question 55

Globalization occurs when the norms and values of the most dominant culture are adopted worldwide in a process of global assimilation.

Question 56

New research suggests there are physiological differences between the brains of males and females as well as between homosexuals and heterosexuals which may have a profound effect on the socialization process.

Question 57

Conflict theorists view socialization as being a one-dimensional process that pits the haves of society against the have-nots.

Question 58

In all societies, family interaction is usually the first and most important agent of socialization.

Question 59

The midlife decade that occurs between 35 and 45 is the most crucial stage of adult development according to the work of Daniel Levinson.

Question 60

The book written by George Orwell that presented a frightening scenario of the role government would play in the socialization of citizens from their birth to death was ________.

Question 61

The term sociologists use to describe children reared briefly in the presence of people and then abandoned to be cared for by animals is ________.

Question 62

The two major disciplines that sociobiology integrates in an effort to better understand human behavior are ________ and ________.

Question 63

Explain the "nature v. nurture" debate as it relates to socialization. Summarize the major points of each aspect of the debate then pick the ONE argument that best explains socialization and explain why it is the best.

Question 64

Identify the three agents of socialization most widely accepted as legitimate socializing agents and discuss the role each plays.

Question 65

Learning to better fulfill a role one already occupies, such as by attending professional seminars and earning additional degrees in the profession one practices, is called ________.

Question 66

A process in which an individual is stripped of his or her former self, publicly stigmatized, and assigned a new identity is called a[n] ________.

Question 67

Explain the stages of social development as proposed by George Herbert Mead.

Question 68

List and discuss the four stages Jean Piaget identified in his theory of cognitive development.

Question 69

Discuss the points made by Daniel Levinson and his research associates in their study of adulthood, identifying the three stages in the life cycle of an adult.

Question 70

The term George Herbert Mead used for a person's conscious recognition that he or she is a distinct individual who is a part of a larger society is ________.