Deck 14: Data Preparation

Question 1

Responses can be logically inconsistent.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

If possible,standard codes should be used for missing data.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When setting up the code book for a questionnaire,you would allow 2 columns to code the response to the question
"Do you have a valid passport? 1.yes 2.no"

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Missing value codes should be distinct from the codes assigned to the legitimate responses.

Question 5

All extreme values result from errors and point to problems with the data.

Question 6

The initial step in questionnaire checking involves a check of all questionnaires for completeness and interviewing quality.

Question 7

If quotas or cell group sizes have not been met,additional interviews should be conducted in the underrepresented cells before the data are edited.

Question 8

A codebook contains coding instructions and the necessary information about variables in the data set.It guides the coders in their work and helps the researcher to properly identify and locate the variables.

Question 9

The following codes should be included for each respondent: project code,interviewer code,date and time codes,category codes,and validation code.

Question 10

When entering respondent data into a spreadsheet,each column contains the data for one respondent.

Question 11

At the editing stage,the researcher makes a preliminary check for consistency.

Question 12

The data preparation process begins after the fieldwork is done.

Question 13

Scanning of questionnaires has allowed Princess Cruises to increase the accuracy of their survey results.

Question 14

Unsatisfactory respondents may differ from satisfactory respondents in systematic ways and the decision to designate a respondent as unsatisfactory may be subjective.Both of these factors bias the results.

Question 15

Data cleaning includes consistency checks and treatment of missing responses.The checks at this stage are less extensive than the checks made during editing.

Question 16

Given the time and cost constraints,as well as the fact that experienced keypunch operators are quite accurate,it is sufficient to verify only 15-25 percent of the data entered by keypunching.

Question 17

Missing responses represent values of a variable that are unknown,either because respondents provided ambiguous answers or their answers were not properly recorded.

Question 18

The selection of data transcription method is guided by the type of interviewing method used and the availability of equipment.

Question 19

Computer packages like SPSS,SAS,EXCEL,and MINITAB can be programmed to identify out-of-range values for each variable and print related code information to make it easy to check each variable systematically for out-of-range values.

Question 20

The data-preparation process is guided by the preliminary plan of data that was formulated in the research design phase.

Question 21

The value 1.0 represents the weighted case.

Question 22

Metric data are measured on a nominal or ordinal scale.

Question 23

Analysis of interobject similarity can be conducted by cluster analysis and multiple discriminant analysis.

Question 24

The major technique for examining variable interdependence is factor analysis.

Question 25

An important variable respecification procedure involves the use of dummy variables.

Question 26

In interdependence techniques,the variables are classified as dependent or independent.

Question 27

Dummy variables are used to respecify categorical variables.

Question 28

When utilizing weighting,categories underrepresented in the sample receive lower weights,whereas overrepresented categories receive higher weights.

Question 29

When respecifying a categorical variable with K categories,only K - 1 dummy variables are needed because only K - 1 categories are independent.

Question 30

The effect of weighting is to increase or to decrease the number of cases in the sample that possess certain characteristics.

Question 31

The purpose of respecification is to create variables that are consistent with the objectives of the study.

Question 32

Treatment of missing responses poses problems,particularly if the proportion of missing responses is more than 10 percent.

Question 33

Nonmetric data are measured on an interval or ratio scale.

Question 34

The general rule for respecifying categorical variables with K categories is that K dummy variables are needed.

Question 35

Square root and log transformations are seldom used in the respecification of variables.

Question 36

Univariate techniques can be classified as dependence techniques or interdependence techniques.

Question 37

The use of dummy variables refers to a respecification procedure using variables that take on only two values,usually 0 or 1.

Question 38

Statistical techniques can be classified as univariate or multivariate.

Question 39

When using univariate techniques,the number of samples is determined based on how the data are treated for the purpose of analysis,not based on how the data were collected.

Question 40

Univariate techniques can be classified based on whether the data are metric or nonmetric.

Question 41

Within-country analysis is also referred to as intercultural analysis.

Question 42

The ________ step of the data-preparation process consists of screening questionnaires to identify illegible,incomplete,inconsistent,or ambiguous responses.

A)coding
B)data cleaning
C)questionnaire checking
D)editing

Question 43

The objective of Pancultural analysis is to assess the comparability of findings from one country to another.

Question 44

Unsatisfactory responses uncovered in the editing stage of the data-preparation process are commonly handled by doing any of the following except ________.

A)recoding unsatisfactory responses
B)assigning missing values
C)discarding unsatisfactory responses
D)returning to the field to get better data

Question 45

The data preparation process for social media is exactly similar to that for data collected by traditional means.

Question 46

During a preliminary check for consistency,you found a respondent had reported an annual income of less than $20,000,yet indicated frequent shopping at prestigious department stores such as Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus.You are at the ________ step of the data-preparation process.

A)coding
B)data cleaning
C)questionnaire checking
D)editing

Question 47

A questionnaire returned from the field may be unacceptable for several reasons.Which of the reasons below is not one of those reasons?

A)Parts of the questionnaire may be incomplete.
B)The returned questionnaire is physically incomplete.
C)The questionnaire is answered by someone who does not qualify for participation.
D)The questionnaire does not uplift,motivate,or encourage the respondent to become involved.

Question 48

Information useful for formulating a data analysis strategy is not readily available on the internet.

Question 49

Consider the example of a respondent who indicates an extremely favorable attitude toward spectator sports on all of the positively worded statements in a survey and an extremely negative attitude on statements that were reversed.Decisions whether such respondents should be discarded,that is,not included in the analysis,can raise ethical concerns.A good rule of thumb is to make such decisions during the data-preparation phase before conducting the analysis.

Question 50

Which of the following is not a step in the data-preparation process?

A)editing
B)select a sampling technique
C)transcribing
D)data cleaning

Question 51

SPSS Missing Values Analysis can assist in diagnosing missing values and replacing missing values with estimates.The missing values can also be treated within the context of the SPSS Base module.

Question 52

If you are counting and classifying questionnaires to determine if quotas and cell group sizes have been met,you are at the ________ step of the data-preparation process.

A)questionnaire checking
B)coding
C)data cleaning
D)editing

Question 53

If you discover that a respondent has consistently checked the same response on a series of scales or that skip patterns were not followed on a questionnaire,more than likely you are participating in the ________ step of the data-preparation process.

A)coding
B)data cleaning
C)questionnaire checking
D)editing

Question 54

SPSS Data Entry allows you to verify that respondents have answered completely by setting rules.These rules can be used on existing datasets to validate and check the data only of questionnaires that were constructed in Data Entry.

Question 55

Data collection,text coding and categorization,and text-mining and visualization are unique aspects of data preparation in social media.

Question 56

When conducting international marketing research,enough data must be obtained from each individual to allow analysis at the individual level.

Question 57

Ethical issues that arise during the data preparation and analysis step of marketing research process pertain mainly to the researcher.

Question 58

For data collected in social media,the human coder then develops a coding and categorization scheme and assists in the computer categorization of text until coding results are satisfactory.

Question 59

When doing international research,differences in means,differences in distribution,and differences in variance should be assessed.

Question 60

Unlike traditional data collection,in social media respondents do not merely respond to questions or stimuli.Rather,they generate the data and edit it by their communal participation.

Question 61

________ involves direct machine reading of the codes and simultaneous transcription.

A)CATI or CAPI
B)Computerized sensory systems
C)Mark sense forms
D)Optical scanning

Question 62

Which option for the treatment of missing values involves cases,or respondents,with any missing responses being discarded from the analysis?

A)returning to the field
B)casewise deletion
C)pairwise deletion
D)substitute a neutral value

Question 63

________ is the assignment of a code to represent a specific response to a specific question along with the data record and column position that code will occupy.

A)Coding
B)Data cleaning
C)Assignment of missing values
D)Editing

Question 64

Which of the following is an option available for the treatment of missing values?

A)substitute a neutral value
B)substitute an imputed response
C)Both A and B are correct.
D)returning to the field

Question 65

If the researcher uses the mean response for the missing value,he/she is using which option for the treatment of missing values?

A)returning to the field
B)casewise deletion
C)substitute an imputed response
D)substitute a neutral value

Question 66

A code in which the number of records for each respondent are the same,and the same data appear in the same columns for all respondents,is a ________.

A)respondent code
B)fixed-field code
C)category code
D)record code

Question 67

________ involves transferring the coded data from the questionnaires or coding sheets onto disks or magnetic tapes,or directly into computers by keypunching.

A)Coding data
B)Editing data
C)Transcribing data
D)Data Cleaning

Question 68

The general guidelines for coding unstructured questions and questionnaires include all of the following except ________.

A)category codes should be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive
B)category codes should be assigned for critical issues even if no one has mentioned them
C)answers should be abbreviated as much as possible
D)data should be coded to retain as much detail as possible

Question 69

Which treatment of unsatisfactory responses is particularly attractive for business and industrial marketing surveys where the sample sizes are small and the respondents are easily identifiable?

A)returning to the field to get better data
B)recoding unsatisfactory responses
C)discarding unsatisfactory responses
D)assigning missing values

Question 70

Which treatment of unsatisfactory responses is desirable if (1)the unsatisfactory respondents do not differ from satisfactory respondents in obvious ways responses on key variables are missing?

A)returning to the field to get better data
B)classifying and counting questionnaires accordingly
C)discarding unsatisfactory responses
D)assigning missing values

Question 71

________ utilizes questions that appear on a computerized gridpad.The responses are recorded directly into the computer using a sensing device.

A)CATI or CAPI
B)Computerized sensory analysis systems
C)Mark sense forms
D)Optical scanning

Question 72

Respondents have been asked to express their degree of agreement with a series of lifestyle statements on a 1-to-5 scale,assuming that 9 has been designated for missing values,data values of 0,6,7,and 8 are out of range.Where in the data-preparation process might any out-of-range data be caught?

A)coding
B)transcribing
C)data cleaning
D)statistically adjusting the data

Question 73

Which option for the treatment of missing values involves the researcher using the respondents' pattern of responses to calculate a suitable response to the missing questions?

A)returning to the field
B)casewise deletion
C)substitute an imputed response
D)substitute a neutral value

Question 74

The effect of ________ is to increase or decrease the number of cases in the sample that possess certain characteristics.

A)weighting
B)variable respecification
C)scale transformation
D)standardization

Question 75

If the data have been collected via ________,transcribing data is unnecessary because the data are entered directly into the computer.

A)CATI
B)mark sense forms
C)CAPI
D)Both A and C are correct.

Question 76

________ require(s)responses to be recorded with a special pencil in a pre-designated area coded for that response.

A)CATI or CAPI
B)Computerized sensory systems
C)Marked sensed forms
D)Optical scanning

Question 77

Which treatment of unsatisfactory responses is desirable if (1)the number of respondents with unsatisfactory responses is small; (2)the proportion of unsatisfactory responses for each of these respondents is small;or (3)the variables with unsatisfactory responses are not the key variables?

A)returning to the field to get better data
B)classifying and counting questionnaires accordingly
C)discarding unsatisfactory responses
D)assigning missing values

Question 78

Which option for the treatment of missing values involves the researcher using only cases or respondents with complete responses for each calculation?

A)returning to the field
B)casewise deletion
C)pairwise deletion
D)substitute a neutral value

Question 79

Respondents have been asked to express their degree of agreement with a series of lifestyle statements on a 1-to-5 scale,assuming that 9 has been designated for missing values,data values of 0,6,7,and 8 are out of range.Where in the data cleaning process might any out-of-range data be caught?

A)consistency checks
B)returning to the field
C)treatment of missing responses
D)Both A and C are correct.

Question 80

A codebook generally contains all of the following information except ________.

A)record number
B)category number
C)instructions for coding
D)variable name