Deck 17: Population, urbanization, and the Environment

Question 1

The global population is project to reach how many billion by 2050?

A)3.1 billion
B)8.2 billion
C)9.9 billion
D)12.7 billion

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Globally,fertility rates are ______.

A)dropping
B)increasing
C)at an equilibrium
D)so low that they have been lowering the size of the global population for the past 5 years

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of these describes the recent slowdown in population growth?

A)It is exactly as predicted.
B)It is a dramatic reduction from prior estimates.
C)It is like the growth rate just after World War II.
D)It is a correction that makes population growth no longer a problem.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of these is TRUE of changes in the mortality rate?

A)The mortality rate for Blacks is decreasing.
B)The mortality for Whites with a high school degree or less is decreasing.
C)The mortality rate or Whites with a college degree is increasing.
D)The mortality rate for women has now caught up with men.

Question 5

What happens in the final stage of the demographic transition?

A)A balance is achieved between high death and high birthrates.
B)The birthrate remains high or declines more slowly than the death rate.
C)The decline in the death rates leads to more children in the family.
D)The society experiences both low birth and death rates.

Question 6

The baby boom took place between which of these years?

A)1930 and 1947
B)1960 and 1975
C)1946 and 1960
D)1922 and 1930

Question 7

Lieu lives in a country with the highest teenage births in all industrialized nations.Where does Lieu live?

A)Germany
B)the U.S.
C)Sweden
D)Japan

Question 8

Which of these refers to the number of childbirths per 1,000 people per year?

A)child ratio
B)birthrate
C)lifespan
D)fertility rate

Question 9

In what century did we reach a global population of 1 billion?

A)1700s
B)1800s
C)1910s
D)1930s

Question 10

Alex studies the fertility and migration trends of countries around the world.Which of these describes Alex?

A)environmentalist
B)geographer
C)demographer
D)philosopher

Question 11

In which stage of the demographic transition do birthrates stay high while death rates experience a dramatic decline?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 12

What birthrate is necessary to replace the population?

A)1.1
B)2.1
C)3.1
D)4.1

Question 13

Alana is a demographer.Which three basic processes is she likely to study?

A)fertility,health,and income
B)childbirth rates,population size,and region
C)fertility,mortality,and migration
D)fertility,morbidity,and average life expectancy

Question 14

Joe runs away from his home country of Afghanistan to escape religious persecution.He is an example of which of these?

A)asylum seeker
B)refugee
C)labor migrant
D)vagrant

Question 15

According to the demographic transition theory,population changes are related to which of these?

A)religion
B)industrialization and urbanization
C)famine
D)gender norms and practices

Question 16

Marisela leaves her home country to work in another country as a domestic.Marisela is an example of which of these?

A)asylum seeker
B)refugee
C)labor migrant
D)undocumented immigrant

Question 17

Which of the following is a macrosocial factor in the decline of mortality rates in certain countries?

A)weaker norms regarding losing weight and stopping smoking
B)obesity
C)better public health
D)drug addiction

Question 18

In 2016,what percentage of the U.S.population was foreign born?

A)5.7%
B)9.0%
C)13.5%
D)22.7%

Question 19

What is a "pull" factor as it relates to migration?

A)desire of the migrants for a better life
B)problems in the home country
C)major disruptions such as war in the home country
D)favorable immigration policy in the new country

Question 20

What is a "push" factor as it relates to migration?

A)favorable immigration policies in the host country
B)prosperous economies in the host country
C)major disruptions such as war in the home country
D)the global diffusion of information

Question 21

What does the U.S.government labels a city of 50,000 residents?

A)a suburbanized area
B)a rural area
C)an urban area
D)a geographic area

Question 22

What is the term for areas surrounding large cities that are located near major highways and contain shopping centers and many restaurants?

A)metropolises
B)suburbanized centers
C)exurbias
D)edge cities

Question 23

Cities are open to a variety of external and global influences.What is this called?

A)locality
B)cosmopolitanism
C)gentrification
D)suburbia

Question 24

During the process of gentrification,who is often forced out of the blighted areas to make way for new housing?

A)the middle classes
B)the upper classes
C)women
D)the working classes

Question 25

What is the name for the process by which people come to be in relatively densely population urban areas?

A)suburbanization
B)urbanization
C)metropolitanization
D)urbanism

Question 26

Which of these is TRUE of the contemporary central role of cities in consumption?

A)It has expanded into more cities worldwide.
B)It has intensified but not expanded.
C)It has been reduced due to Internet use and suburban malls.
D)It has been supplemented by many more types of consumer services.

Question 27

Which of these best characterizes world cities?

A)They are centers of communities of immigrants who interact with family and friends in their homeland.
B)They are planned communities built around major international airports and shopping centers.
C)They are found at the outermost rings surrounding large cities.
D)They are built near major highways and corporate offices.

Question 28

In 2018,there were ______ megacities around the world.

A)13
B)23
C)33
D)53

Question 29

Which of these is an area where land and housing costs are lower and its outer edges blend into the rural countryside?

A)exurbia
B)suburbia
C)urban areas
D)gated communities

Question 30

Gina lives in a community where there are guards and surveillance cameras in every corner of the development.She moved here,away from the city,to escape the crime problem.Gina lives in a ______ community.

A)barrier
B)gated
C)secure
D)locked

Question 31

How many million immigrants from Mexico are estimated to be currently living in the U.S.?

A)1 million
B)2 million
C)12 million
D)25 million

Question 32

When real estate capital is reinvested in inner-city areas to create a new infrastructure for the well-to-do,this is referred to as which of these?

A)enterprise zoning
B)restoration
C)gentrification
D)redlining

Question 33

Demographers predict that by 2050 ______ of the world's population will live in urban areas.

A)28%
B)48%
C)68%
D)75%

Question 34

Last year,the Lee family visited Orlando,Florida,for their summer vacation.Orlando,home to Disney World,places great emphasis on spectacle.It can be classified as a(n)______ city.

A)world
B)edge
C)fantasy
D)global

Question 35

Shayne lives about 5 miles outside the city of Philadelphia's political boundaries.Shayne would be considered to live in which of these?

A)a suburb
B)a megalopolis
C)a metropolis
D)a mega-region

Question 36

Which of these is a city with a population greater than 10 million?

A)a metropolis
B)a megacity
C)an edge city
D)a cosmocity

Question 37

Which of these is the study of poisons and insecticides that heavily influenced the awareness of environmental problems in the U.S.during the 1960s?

A)Silent Spring
B)Hot Planet
C)Environmental Crisis
D)New Spring

Question 38

Raphael has overstayed his visa in the U.S.Raphael is an example of which of these?

A)asylum seeker
B)refugee
C)labor migrant
D)undocumented immigrant

Question 39

Which of the following terms describes the fact that capitalism requires constant productive growth?

A)sustainable development
B)treadmill of production
C)gentrification
D)McDonaldization

Question 40

What is the classification of the area between Boston,Massachusetts,and Washington,D.C.?

A)metropolis
B)megalopolis
C)gated community
D)suburb

Question 41

Which of these is often used interchangeably with climate change?

A)global warming
B)global cooling
C)global upgrading
D)global desertification

Question 42

China and India are home to the world's largest populations.

Question 43

The world's population is continuing to grow at an increased rate from the past.

Question 44

The birthrate is calculated as the number of childbirths per 1,000 people per year.

Question 45

Which of these is the decline in the water supply because of the degradation and deterioration of soil and vegetation?

A)deforestation
B)desertification
C)environmentalism
D)decentralization

Question 46

Which theory focuses on the high rewards that people who have received for adversely affecting the environment?

A)conflict/critical theory
B)structural/functional theory
C)symbolic interactionist theory
D)rational choice theory

Question 47

Which theoretical perspective points out that environmental problems are difficult to address because they impact three large separate institutions which are NOT likely to come together to deal with them?

A)conflict/critical theory
B)structural/functional theory
C)symbolic interactionist theory
D)rational choice theory

Question 48

What percentage of the world's marine fish are considered fully exploited,over exploited,or depleted?

A)25%
B)50%
C)70%
D)90%

Question 49

Which of the following environmental problems is associated with the city?

A)too many green spaces creating water loss
B)long commuting distances that create major carbon footprints for city residents
C)heat retention in the treeless concrete jungles of cities that contributes to heat waves
D)green jobs that are too costly to staff

Question 50

A negative effect of global warming is the melting of ______,which refers to soil that has been at or below the freezing point of water for more than two years and will be irreversible once it starts.

A)ground frost
B)solid frost
C)perma frost
D)grime frost

Question 51

Demography is the scientific study of population growth and decline,as well as the movement of people.

Question 52

Population decline is caused exclusively by a high death rate.

Question 53

Pedro wants to study the ways in which his college has come to define green consumption,if students see themselves as green consumers,and if and how they enact (or fail to enact)it.Which theoretical framework has helped Pedro frame his interest?

A)conflict/critical theory
B)structural/functional theory
C)symbolic interactionist theory
D)rational choice theory

Question 54

Where is the most notable deforestation in the world taking place?

A)the parks in North America
B)the forests in Europe
C)the villages of Southeast Asia
D)the Amazon rain forest

Question 55

By 2050 half of the world's population is expected to live in North American.

Question 56

Which of these involves economic and environmental changes that meet the needs of the present,especially of the world's poor,without jeopardizing the needs of the future?

A)environmental development
B)economic development
C)organic development
D)sustainable development

Question 57

Which of these dimensions in the relationship between globalization and sustainability might hold promise for more immediate solutions to environmental problems?

A)medical
B)technological
C)economic
D)political

Question 58

Many global environmental problems,especially global warming,are traceable to which of these?

A)communistic global development
B)socialistic global development
C)capitalist global development
D)all twentieth-century economic systems

Question 59

Which of these is TRUE of the Paris Climate Treaty?

A)It was an agreement with no enforcement mechanisms to limit carbon emissions and 174 countries signed it on Earth day April 22,2016,including the U.S.
B)It was an agreement with rigorous enforcement mechanisms to limit carbon emissions and 174 countries signed it on Earth day April 22,2016,including the U.S.
C)It was an agreement with no enforcement mechanisms to limit carbon emissions and 174 countries signed it on Earth day April 22,2016,but the U.S.declined to sign.
D)It was an agreement with rigorous enforcement mechanisms to limit carbon emissions and 174 countries signed it on Earth day April 22,2016,including the U.S.

Question 60

The depletion of ______ in the Earth's polar regions is a notable environmental problem.

A)greenhouse gases
B)air quality
C)the ozone layer
D)the sea level

Question 61

In the U.S.,an area must have more than 50,000 inhabitants to be considered urban.

Question 62

Fantasy cities are characterized by cathedrals of consumption.

Question 63

Juan Carlos lives in Mexico and wants to move to the U.S.because he seeks a better life and job opportunities.These are referred to as push factors.

Question 64

Desertification refers to the decline in the water supply because of the degradation and deterioration of soil and vegetation.

Question 65

Amy is a white,married,wealthy woman who lives in the U.S.Given mortality patterns,Amy can expect to outlive her husband.

Question 66

The new urbanism is a phenomenon where the goal is to move urban areas into more rural communities.

Question 67

While countries in many less developed areas of the world still worry about low birth rates,officials in many developed countries have grown increasingly concerned about high birth rates.

Question 68

One major factor associated with mortality rate decline is medical advances such as medical technologies.

Question 69

Migrants who gain entry without passing a checkpoint are called undocumented immigrants.

Question 70

Urbanism is the way of life that emerges in urban areas; urbanization is the process of increasing density in a populated urban area.

Question 71

One recent development in suburbanization is the increasing flight of immigrants away from suburbs.

Question 72

The number of global megacities has declined since the 1990s.

Question 73

Chandra's society is in the industrial stage of the demographic transition.Her mother lived in the transitional stage of the demographic transition.Chandra is more likely than her mother to have access to,and to use birth control.

Question 74

The three areas of most interest to demographers are fertility,mortality,and sustainability.

Question 75

Cities account for 70% of the Earth's surface and 2% of its energy consumption.

Question 76

According to projections,30% of the world's population will live in urban areas.

Question 77

Economically,immigration has had a negative effect on the economy of the U.S.,as well as other developed nations.

Question 78

The earliest work on globalization tended to focus on the natural environment.

Question 79

Chicago is considered a global city.

Question 80

Infanticide is most commonly found in South and East Asia.