Deck 6: Organizations, societies, and Global Relationships

Question 1

A U.S.senator exemplifies which type of authority?

A)traditional
B)rational-legal
C)charismatic
D)domination

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Digital communication as experienced major growth.Which of these is TRUE of how this growth impacts micro level and macro level of society?

A)It makes them more segregated.
B)It makes them more intertwined.
C)It reduces the expansion of globalization.
D)It impacts only micro levels.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Daniel works for a company where,contrary to what the employee handbook says,employees ask each other for guidance in certain situations rather than ask their supervisors.This company is an example of a(n)______ organization.

A)informal
B)formal
C)collegial
D)ideal

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Both a university and Walmart exemplify which of these?

A)organizations
B)corporations
C)dyads
D)bureaucracies

Question 5

The Catholic pope exemplifies which type of authority?

A)traditional
B)rational-legal
C)charismatic
D)domination

Question 6

Which of these is a problem in bureaucracies where numerous rules often slow progress or increase the amount or complexity of work?

A)red tape
B)the Peter principle
C)bounded rationality
D)informationalism

Question 7

Which of these is an example of a highly rational organization?

A)dyad
B)group
C)community
D)bureaucracy

Question 8

The fact that the rationality of a bureaucratic organization is limited by the instabilities and conflicts that exist in most organizations is referred to as which of these?

A)rational-legal rationality
B)charismatic rationality
C)technical rationality
D)bounded rationality

Question 9

Jerry wants to build a model of society that includes comparative-historical facts and all the possible characteristics of a society.Jerry's idea is very close to which of these?

A)Robert Merton's idea of unintended consequences
B)Karl Marx's idea of alienation
C)Emile Durkheim's idea of anomie
D)Max Weber's idea of ideal type

Question 10

According to Max Weber,a(n)______ is a model in which the degree of rationality is greatly exaggerated.

A)prototype
B)ideal type
C)real type
D)model type

Question 11

What is the only type of authority associated with bureaucracy?

A)traditional
B)rational-legal
C)charismatic
D)domination

Question 12

Commonplace general collectives purposely constructed to achieve particular ends in society are called which of these?

A)bureaucracies
B)organizations
C)authorities
D)dominations

Question 13

A popular professor exemplifies which type of authority?

A)traditional
B)rational-legal
C)charismatic
D)domination

Question 14

Which of these best describes the Peter Principle?

A)The more a bureaucracy tries to be efficient,the more forms there are to fill out.
B)Never underestimate the power of the secretary.
C)Employees tend to rise to their level of incompetence.
D)Work expands to fill the available time.

Question 15

Max Weber's three different types of authority differ from each other in which of these ways?

A)by the type of domination the authorities represent
B)by what makes the authority legitimate
C)by how many people are subject to the authority
D)by how peaceful or violent people are when faced with the authority

Question 16

Which of these best describes Parkinson's Law?

A)The more a bureaucracy tries to be efficient,the more forms there are to fill out.
B)Never underestimate the power of the secretary.
C)Employees tend to rise to their level of incompetence.
D)Work expands to fill the available time.

Question 17

Jonathan is very stern with his employees who follow every command he gives to them.Which of these does Jonathan exemplify?

A)weak domination
B)strong domination
C)rational-legal authority
D)strong subordination

Question 18

Peter works in a college office.He spends most of his day sending back forms to students when they have filled a form out incorrectly,even when it contains all the information needed to complete the task.Peter has a ______ personality.

A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)bureaucratic
D)tedious

Question 19

A(n)______ is a highly rational and efficient organization.

A)internet site
B)corporation
C)network
D)bureaucracy

Question 20

Joan calls a computer company for assistance and is transferred to several people.After she is on the phone for thirty additional minutes,she is disconnected.What has Joan just experienced?

A)the Peter principle
B)red tape
C)legal-rational authority
D)Parkinson's law

Question 21

Which of these is a modern change in bureaucracy?

A)informal organizations
B)gendered organizations
C)rational authority
D)anomic organizations

Question 22

Which of these is a characteristic of a network organization?

A)vertical structure
B)clear boundaries
C)authoritarian decision making
D)flexible production

Question 23

Companies who use offshore outsourcing for customer service calls for U.S.customers often ask employees to engage in "national identity management." What does this mean?

A)Employees are supposed to help to educate customers about their home country.
B)Employees are supposed to adopt accents that sound trustworthy to people in the U.S.
C)Employees are supposed to cross market products to customers.
D)Employees are supposed to pose as an American on calls,using an adopted U.S.hometown and Americanized name.

Question 24

Donald Trump advocated for the decrease of offshore operations and bringing companies back to the U.S.What is this called?

A)downsizing
B)offshore outsourcing
C)backsourcing
D)McDonaldization

Question 25

Network systems have transformed which of these according to your text?

A)gender roles
B)nature of work
C)sexuality
D)religious practices

Question 26

Call center work in India is an example of which of these?

A)downsizing
B)offshore outsourcing
C)informationalism
D)McDonaldization

Question 27

Which of these describes the knowledge and information linkages between factories and companies?

A)knowledge inferential
B)information sourcing
C)informationalism
D)intelligence systems

Question 28

Janelle and several of her professional female friends were recently asked to become members of a board of directors of an organization that was in financial trouble.The organization had to declare bankruptcy and all three women found themselves in a precarious position in their professional careers as they dealt with the organizational fallout.Which of these terms may be applicable in this scenario?

A)glass cage
B)glass cliff
C)glass ceiling
D)glass escalator

Question 29

When a man works in a female-dominated organization,they may find themselves promoted past equally competent,or even more competent,women.What is the term to describe this phenomenon?

A)glass cage
B)glass elevator
C)glass ceiling
D)glass escalator

Question 30

Women face the ______,in which they cannot get promoted past a certain level in bureaucratic organizations despite their qualifications.

A)glass cage
B)glass elevator
C)glass ceiling
D)glass escalator

Question 31

Juan fills out his own tax form,printing his postage from home.Which of these terms is best applied to Juan?

A)producer
B)prosumer
C)employee
D)bureaucrat

Question 32

Sexual harassment can consist of many types of unwanted sexual attention such as jokes,remarks,or sexual advances,but to be illegal which of these must occur?

A)It must come from a high-ranking man to a lower ranking woman.
B)It must be offensive not just to the victim but to the workplace culture.
C)It must be recurrent or severe enough to create a hostile workplace.
D)It must directly influence someone's pay or promotion.

Question 33

Which of the following is TRUE regarding informationalism?

A)The new technologies are not flexible and can't adapt.
B)Technologies act on information.
C)Some organizations are not defined by networking logics.
D)The specific technologies associated with information are not merging into a highly integrated system.

Question 34

Which country is the most popular outsourcing location?

A)Mexico
B)China
C)India
D)the U.S.

Question 35

When a country is ruled by a small group of people at the top who exercise a great deal of power,often illegitimately obtained,it is termed which of these?

A)capitalist dictatorship
B)informal bureaucracy
C)oligarchy
D)democracy

Question 36

A ______ is a complex pattern of social relationships that is bounded in space and persists over time.

A)society
B)social structure
C)bureaucracy
D)hierarchy

Question 37

The network organization came into existence during which decade?

A)1960s
B)1970s
C)1980s
D)1990s

Question 38

Which of these accurately describes change precipitated by the digital age?

A)People are expected to do less than they did in the past.
B)Employees used to be monitored less carefully than they are now.
C)Interaction can be more easily controlled in a centralized way.
D)In the past too little information was in writing; today too much information exists in written form.

Question 39

Which of these is a contemporary change in bureaucracies according to your text?

A)upsizing
B)insourcing
C)inflexibility
D)outsourcing

Question 40

Amy and Jeff are both staff assistants for the large organization.Amy works in a segment that predominately employs women while Jeff works in a segment that predominately employs men.Jeff has more promotion opportunities than Amy even though they hold the same title and work for the same company.Amy's experience is most exemplified by which of these concepts?

A)glass cage
B)glass elevator
C)glass ceiling
D)glass escalator

Question 41

Which sociologist differentiated between gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Robert Merton
C)Ferdinand Töennies
D)Manuel Castells

Question 42

Which of these is characteristic of a space of flows?

A)clear defensible borders
B)fluidity
C)long-term duration
D)disconnected people

Question 43

Which of these defines the main difference between Microsoft and Linux?

A)One is proprietary and only people at the company work on it; the other one is open-source and anyone in the world can contribute to it.
B)One is only sold in the U.S.and the other one is sold globally.
C)One can be used on any device and the other one only works on laptops.
D)One is priced for individual use and the other one is only for commercial use.

Question 44

Which "scape" could be associated with an influx of undocumented immigrants to the U.S.?

A)ethnoscape
B)financescape
C)mediascapes
D)ideoscapes

Question 45

People who live in a large city,such as Los Angeles,may feel a sense of being disconnected from each other.Which term characterizes this phenomenon?

A)gemeinschaft society
B)informationalism
C)gesellschaft society
D)primitive society

Question 46

What is the term for the fluid,irregular,and variable global flows that produce different results throughout the world?

A)landscapes
B)globules
C)glo-flows
D)gesellschaft societies

Question 47

Ferdinand Toennies differentiated between two types of societies: ______,or a traditional society characterized by face-to-face relations,and ______,characterized by impersonal,distant,and limited social relationships.

A)gemeinschaft; gesellschaft
B)gesellschaft; gemeinschaft
C)postmodern; premodern
D)modern; postmodern

Question 48

The most important and obvious barriers to global flows are constructed by which of these?

A)nation-states
B)nations
C)continents
D)corporations

Question 49

Which of these is characteristic of a space of place?

A)clear defensible borders
B)unlimited flows of people
C)short-term duration
D)disconnected people

Question 50

The Irish are an example of a ______,as they are a large group of people who are linked through common descent.

A)nation-state
B)state
C)race
D)nation

Question 51

Ulrich Beck argued that we have moved from an industrial society to which of these types of societies?

A)risk
B)gemeinschaft
C)oligarchic
D)technocratic

Question 52

According to Max Weber,bureaucracies are always rational organizations.

Question 53

As a leading ______ theorist,Talcott Parsons had a ______ view of macro-level societies.

A)symbolic interaction; constructionist
B)conflict; negative
C)structural functionalist; positive
D)ethnomethodologist; dismissive

Question 54

Sociologically speaking,Google is an example of an organization.

Question 55

Max Weber believed that the decline of bureaucracy was one of the defining characteristics of Western society.

Question 56

The mayor of New York City is someone who rules by traditional authority.

Question 57

What does it mean to say we are a "risk society"?

A)Our main issue is risk and how to minimize or prevent it.
B)We take more risks than we have in the past.
C)We are more anxious of risks than we have been in the past.
D)Globally,societies have begun to take risks for other societies.

Question 58

Domination is the likelihood that commands will be obeyed by subordinates.

Question 59

Nikita lives in a small village in rural Russia,where everyone knows everyone else.The people of Nikita's village base their relationships on familiarity and closeness.What type of society does Nikita live in?

A)risk society
B)industrial society
C)gemeinschaft society
D)gesellschaft society

Question 60

During times of financial depression,which type of landscape might be the focus of economists?

A)ethnoscape
B)financescape
C)mediascapes
D)ideoscapes

Question 61

The military exemplifies the term bounded rationality because it is so large that it must maintain stability throughout.

Question 62

The glass escalator describes the process by which women in traditionally male-typed jobs are likely to be promoted.

Question 63

The transfer of activities once performed by one organization to another organization in exchange for money is known as outsourcing.

Question 64

Most bureaucratic organizations become oligarchical.

Question 65

McDonaldization of various industries is most important at the local rather than the larger organizational level.

Question 66

Sexual harassment consists of unwanted sexual attention,such as sexually oriented remarks and jokes,advances,and requests that take place in the workplace or in other settings.

Question 67

Networks are marked by hierarchical decision making by few people.

Question 68

A customer service agent more interested in obtaining a customer's Social Security number than helping them resolve an issue can be said to have a bureaucratic personality.

Question 69

Formal organizations often arise to take care of problems and failures in informal organizations.

Question 70

Most research shows that bureaucracies are organized just like Max Weber's ideal type envisioned them.

Question 71

Globally speaking sexual harassment occurs primarily in the U.S.

Question 72

Max Weber's ideal type bureaucracy included gender discrimination.

Question 73

Backsourcing is a process whereby companies assemble pieces of products in different countries.

Question 74

The Peter Principle can be summarized as" "employees tend to rise to the level of their incompetence."

Question 75

A franchise system combines a small business with a large bureaucratic organization.

Question 76

Ebayization is a process that enlists all the basic dimensions of McDonaldization except that it includes variety.

Question 77

India is an attractive place for call centers to locate because of its lack of traditional gender norms.

Question 78

David Koresh led the Branch Davidian cult.Koresh was known for his outgoing personality and ability to gather people into his fold.Max Weber would characterize Koresh's leadership as "rational-legal."

Question 79

Instead of bureaucracy growing like Max Weber predicted it has shown a tendency to decrease.

Question 80

Theories of double-paned glass ceilings are based on studies of U.S.organizations and are unlikely to apply globally.