Deck 7: The Vitamins

Question 1

Which of the following foods is the only animal food source rich in vitamin K?

A) eggs
B) fish
C) liver
D) cheese

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following foods is richest in beta-carotene?

A) blueberries
B) beets
C) broccoli
D) red cabbage

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Vitamin A has the distinction of being the first fat-soluble vitamin to be recognized.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to population studies, which of the following conditions is more prevalent in people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene?

A) anemia
B) macular degeneration
C) osteomalacia
D) rickets

Question 5

For a healthy man, an adequate daily intake of vitamin A averages around how many micrograms?

A) 700 micrograms
B) 900 micrograms
C) 1,200 micrograms
D) 1,500 micrograms

Question 6

Why might an elderly person benefit from taking a supplement?

A) they lose nutrients faster than foods can supply them
B) they are at risk of developing neural tube defects
C) they often overconsume their daily energy needs
D) they absorb or metabolize nutrients less efficiently

Question 7

Which of the following side effects can result from an excess of vitamin A?

A) constipation
B) cataracts
C) hair loss
D) hives

Question 8

Which organ especially benefits from vitamin E's antioxidant qualities?

A) lungs
B) muscle
C) liver
D) heart

Question 9

Vitamin B₆ helps convert the amino acid tryptophan into which of the following neurotransmitters?

A) calcitonin
B) acetylcholine
C) serotonin
D) melatonin

Question 10

Carnitine, inositol, and lipoic acid are all essential vitamins for the body.

Question 11

Any disease that brings about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K can also result in malabsorption of what nutrient?

A) water
B) carbohydrate
C) fat
D) protein

Question 12

The body can synthesize vitamin D once sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) of 8 or above is applied to the skin.

Question 13

Which of the following individuals would be likely to synthesize sufficient amounts of vitamin D without having to eat foods containing the vitamin?

A) an adult with dark skin who jogs 15-minutes outside daily
B) a woman who goes to a tanning booth twice a week
C) a light-skinned man who takes a 20-minute walk outdoors daily
D) an adult who works in an office with windows across an entire wall

Question 14

You have a friend who gets very little exposure to the sun, consumes very few calcium-rich foods, and has a two-year-old child and three-month-old twins. Which of the following diseases is she at very high risk for developing?

A) pellagra
B) rickets
C) osteomalacia
D) beriberi

Question 15

The body stores up to six years' worth of vitamin B₁₂.

Question 16

Why are B vitamins considered "helpers"?

A) they supply the body directly with energy
B) they break down energy-nutrients to yield fuel for energy
C) they function to strictly replace cells with short life spans
D) they produce energy only through interactions with fatty acids

Question 17

For healthy women, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee recommends how many milligrams per day of vitamin C?

A) 45 milligrams per day
B) 60 milligrams per day
C) 75 milligrams per day
D) 90 milligrams per day

Question 18

Vitamin C supplements will prevent the common cold.

Question 19

Vitamin E is so widespread in food that it is almost impossible to create a vitamin E-deficient diet.

Question 20

The B vitamins (coenzymes) help to extract the energy from food during metabolism.

Question 21

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes excess homocysteine to build up in the blood?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) pantothenic acid
D) niacin

Question 22

Which of the following statements best describes the body's handling of water-soluble vitamins?

A) easily reach toxic levels
B) stored extensively in tissues
C) easily absorbed and excreted
D) dissolved in fat and water

Question 23

In the 1990s, Health Canada made it mandatory for food manufacturers to fortify bleached wheat flour in products with which of the following vitamins?

A) synthetic folate
B) niacin equivalent
C) pantothenic acid
D) natural riboflavin

Question 24

Which of the following substances is required for fat-soluble vitamins to be absorbed?

A) insulin
B) chyme
C) bile
D) cholesterol

Question 25

Which of the following food items contains active vitamin A?

A) soybeans
B) apricots
C) potatoes
D) fish oils

Question 26

According to Canada's Food Guide, an adult's need for vitamin D supplementation begins after what age?

A) 40 years
B) 45 years
C) 50 years
D) 55 years

Question 27

Which of the following conditions may be a symptom of a vitamin A deficiency?

A) acne
B) arthritis
C) blindness
D) birth defects

Question 28

Why should people avoid using mineral oil as a laxative?

A) It may cause excretion of the fat-soluble vitamins.
B) It may lead to toxic levels of the fat-soluble vitamins in the body.
C) It may interfere with the absorption of water-soluble vitamins.
D) It may induce stomach ulcers.

Question 29

Which of the following foods would you recommend to someone who needs to increase intake of thiamin?

A) orange juice
B) steak
C) legumes
D) spinach

Question 30

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin D

Question 31

What colour does a person's skin turn from consuming toxic levels of vitamin K?

A) yellow
B) orange
C) reddish blue
D) purple

Question 32

What is the name for the type of anemia that results from a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor?

A) microcytic anemia
B) pernicious anemia
C) macrocytic anemia
D) sickle-cell anemia

Question 33

What percentage of the Canadian population recently reported that they take vitamin supplements?

A) 12%
B) 24%
C) 53%
D) 65%

Question 34

What is the name of the condition that occurs when insufficient vitamin E causes red blood cells to rupture?

A) infantile anemia
B) vitamin E anemia
C) leukocyte hemolysis
D) erythrocyte hemolysis

Question 35

An individual suffers from hypoglycemia and an increased sensitivity to insulin. This is indicative of a deficiency of which B vitamin?

A) pantothenic acid
B) riboflavin
C) biotin
D) pyridoxine

Question 36

What is the name for the active form of vitamin A stored in the liver?

A) beta-carotene
B) retinol
C) gamma-tocopherol
D) alpha-A

Question 37

Which group of people is most likely to suffer from vitamin D poisoning?

A) women
B) teenagers
C) infants
D) athletes

Question 38

Which of the following foods may assist with the absorption of folate?

A) strawberries
B) milk
C) broccoli
D) oranges

Question 39

Which of the following foods is a significant source of vitamin D in Canada?

A) milk
B) cereal
C) cheddar cheese
D) tuna

Question 40

The amount of vitamin A that a person needs is dependent upon what factor?

A) body weight
B) body composition
C) activity level
D) age

Question 41

The DRI recommendations are listed in the form of what vitamin E compound?

A) gamma-tocopherol
B) delta-tocopherol
C) alpha-tocopherol
D) beta-tocopherol

Question 42

If strict vegetarians are uninformed, for which vitamin might they be especially at risk for deficiency?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) niacin
C) vitamin B₆
D) folate

Question 43

Which of the following items is a nonfood source of vitamin K?

A) antibiotics
B) cold temperatures
C) intestinal bacteria
D) sunlight

Question 44

What is the name for a compound in food that can be converted into an active vitamin inside the body?

A) coenzyme
B) provitamin
C) precursor
D) enzyme

Question 45

In Canada, which of the following groups has the highest rate of scurvy?

A) alcohol addicts
B) vegetarians
C) breastfed infants
D) young women

Question 46

Which of the following supplements is considered hazardous to the body of individuals who smoke?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin D
C) beta-carotene
D) folic acid

Question 47

What vitamin do people need in amounts proportional to their protein intake?

A) folate
B) niacin
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 48

Which vitamin has gained a reputation as an anti-infective vitamin because so many of the body's defences against infection depend on an adequate supply?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin A

Question 49

If a person consumes more polyunsaturated oil, for what vitamin does that person's need increase?

A) vitamin K
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin D

Question 50

What vitamin participates in over 100 reactions in body tissues and is needed to help convert one kind of amino acid, which cells have in abundance, to other nonessential amino acids that cells lack?

A) vitamin B6
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin B12
D) vitamin A

Question 51

The B vitamins act as part of what?

A) antibodies
B) anticoagulants
C) intrinsic factors
D) coenzymes

Question 52

Which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing age to reduce the risk for neural tube defects?

A) vitamin B₆
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) folate
D) biotin

Question 53

Health Canada recommends that all exclusively breastfed healthy term infants in Canada receive a daily supplement of which vitamin?

A) Vitamin B₂
B) Vitamin B₁
C) Vitamin B₁₂
D) Vitamin D

Question 54

Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity, with the possible exception of which of the following foods?

A) eggs
B) cheese
C) fortified breakfast cereals
D) liver

Question 55

To prevent hemorrhage, newborn babies are given a single dose of what vitamin at birth?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 56

What is the current DRI committee recommended daily intake for vitamin D for adults between 19 and 50 years of age?

A) 7 micrograms
B) 10 micrograms
C) 15 micrograms
D) 20 micrograms

Question 57

Which of the following vitamins is an antioxidant nutrient that actively scavenges and quenches free radicals in the body?

A) vitamin E
B) riboflavin
C) vitamin K
D) niacin

Question 58

Pellagra results from a deficiency of which vitamin?

A) niacin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin C
D) thiamin

Question 59

Which of the following foods provides a significant amount of vitamin E?

A) whole milk
B) wheat germ
C) pork chop
D) chicken wings

Question 60

Which two vitamins ensure the health of bones?

A) B₁₂ and D
B) C and D
C) K and D
D) A and B₁

Question 61

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A) a person who abuses alcohol intake
B) a person who eats a high intake of grains
C) a person who is a vegetarian
D) a person who consumes fast food daily

Question 62

What is the recommended daily intake for vitamin D for adults over 70?

A) 7 micrograms
B) 10 micrograms
C) 15 micrograms
D) 20 micrograms

Question 63

Which of the following vitamins can be obtained entirely from non-food sources for some people?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 64

Which of the following vitamins is potentially the most toxic to the body?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin E

Question 65

Which of the following sources supplies about 20 percent of the vitamin E people consume?

A) fortified grains
B) milk and yogurt
C) vegetable oils and products made from them
D) meats, fish, poultry, and eggs

Question 66

Xerosis is a condition caused by a deficiency of what vitamin?

A) vitamin E
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 67

What is the name of the disease that results from thiamin deficiency?

A) beriberi
B) scurvy
C) pellagra
D) osteomalacia

Question 68

According to researchers, which of the following vitamins has a positive effect on the immune system?

A) vitamin K
B) vitamin C
C) thiamin
D) niacin

Question 69

A friend is worried that he did not meet the recommended intakes for the fat-soluble vitamins yesterday. What would you advise him to do?

A) no changes needed as long as his overall diet provides average amounts that meet recommended intakes
B) begin supplementing his diet with a vitamin-mineral supplement
C) add more fat and oil to his food in order to get the needed nutrients
D) increase his consumption of foods rich in fat-soluble vitamins

Question 70

Who might benefit from taking a multinutrient supplement? Provide valid reasons for each person on the list.

Question 71

What is the main function of vitamin K in the body?

A) It helps synthesize key bone proteins.
B) It acts as an antioxidant in cell membranes.
C) It influences body functions through its regulation of the genes.
D) It helps synthesize proteins that help clot the blood.

Question 72

A vitamin is defined by which of the following characteristics?

A) a non-essential nutrient
B) needed in large amounts
C) indispensable to body function
D) an inorganic compound

Question 73

Describe how the B vitamins are related to heart disease.

Question 74

Which of the following foods is among the best natural sources of folate?

A) breakfast cereals
B) fresh strawberries
C) cooked turnip
D) beef liver

Question 75

What is one of the most well known functions of vitamin C?

A) protection against nervous system disorders
B) prevention of blood clotting
C) production of collagen
D) maintenance of bone density

Question 76

A high dose of which of the following vitamins can only be sold by prescription?

A) vitamin C
B) riboflavin
C) vitamin K
D) thiamin

Question 77

Which of the following vitamins aids in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) folate
D) vitamin B₆

Question 78

What are the potential problems for an individual if he or she consumes toxic levels of vitamin E supplements?

Question 79

For which of the following groups of people would vitamin C supplements cause adverse effects?

A) people with too much folate in their blood
B) people with thyroid conditions
C) people with kidney disorders
D) people with colds

Question 80

In what process does vitamin A play a critical role?

A) prevention of tooth decay
B) blood clotting
C) reproduction
D) nerve transmission