Deck 11: Endocrine System

Question 1

Growth hormone

A) promotes the movement of amino acids into cells only.
B) increases the rate of cell division only.
C) increases the rate of fat metabolism only.
D) promotes bone growth only.
E) does all of the above.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

An example of a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla is

A) a mineralocorticoid.
B) a glucocorticoid.
C) aldosterone.
D) epinephrine.
E) none of these.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following hormones exerts its effect primarily on the reproductive organs?

A) Follicle-stimulating hormone
B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) Epinephrine
D) Thyrotropin
E) Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The hormone that decreases the plasma calcium concentration is

A) thyroxine.
B) triiodothyronine.
C) calcitonin.
D) parathyroid hormone.
E) none of these.

Question 5

The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the

A) hypothalamus.
B) blood calcium concentration.
C) thyroid gland.
D) anterior pituitary gland.
E) posterior pituitary gland.

Question 6

A deficiency of hormones from the adrenal medulla is likely to produce

A) high blood pressure.
B) increased heart rate.
C) elevated blood sugar.
D) sodium loss in the urine.
E) none of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following hormones is release by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A) thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) growth hormone
D) antidiuretic hormone
E) prolactin-releasing hormone

Question 8

Thyroxine

A) reduces the rate at which carbohydrates are utilized.
B) increases the rate at which proteins are synthesized.
C) inhibits activities of the nervous system.
D) inhibits the rate at which calcium enters body fluids.
E) lowers the basal metabolic rate.

Question 9

Growth hormone release is stimulated by

A) growth hormone releasing hormone.
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone.
C) thyrotropin releasing hormone.
D) increased blood sugar.
E) dehydration.

Question 10

Hormone concentrations are regulated by

A) positive feedback mechanisms.
B) negative feedback mechanisms.
C) nervous system control.
D) levels of substances in the blood.
E) all of the above.

Question 11

Parathyroid hormone stimulates

A) follicular cell activity.
B) osteoblast activity.
C) osteoclast activity.
D) fibroblast activity.
E) basal metabolic rate.

Question 12

Cancer patients often develop endocrine disorders because

A) cancer cells sometimes secrete hormones inappropriately.
B) hormones are used to treat cancer.
C) cancers have no effect on endocrine glands.
D) hormones cause cancers.
E) cancer patients have unusual hormones.

Question 13

Cretinism is caused by

A) hypothyroidism.
B) hyperthyroidism.
C) hypoparathyroidism.
D) hyperparathyroidism.
E) low levels of calcitonin.

Question 14

Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to

A) conserve sodium and excrete potassium.
B) excrete sodium and conserve potassium.
C) excrete sodium and potassium.
D) conserve sodium and potassium.
E) secrete erythropoietin.

Question 15

The secretion of hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is largely controlled by

A) releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.
B) impulses from the autonomic nervous system.
C) impulses from the hypothalamus.
D) hormones from the posterior pituitary gland.
E) plasma concentrations of glucose.

Question 16

A person with an abnormally high metabolic rate,who is underweight and who has protruding eyes is exhibiting symptoms of

A) hypothyroidism.
B) hyperthyroidism.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) diabetes insipidus.
E) growth hormone deficiency.

Question 17

Cortisol

A) increases the permeability of capillary walls.
B) increases the permeability of lysosomal membranes.
C) stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates.
D) promotes protein synthesis.
E) stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Question 18

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

A) a lack of insulin.
B) an excess of insulin.
C) a lack of ADH.
D) an excess of ADH.
E) a defective response of target cells to insulin.

Question 19

Steroid hormones produce their effects by

A) combining with receptors on the surfaces of cell membranes.
B) activating the formation of adenylate cyclase.
C) producing cyclic AMP.
D) activating genes.
E) clogging blood vessels.

Question 20

The neurons that stimulate secretions from cells of the adrenal medulla are best described as

A) somatic motor neurons.
B) parasympathetic neurons.
C) sensory neurons.
D) sympathetic neurons.
E) interneurons.

Question 21

What is the term for chemical messengers that are released into interstitial fluid,diffuse into the blood stream and act on target cells that are a distance away?

A) ligand
B) neurotransmitter
C) hormone
D) glycolipid

Question 22

In response to high blood calcium levels,the thyroid gland releases a hormone that works to lower blood calcium.This is an example of which endocrine control method?

A) The hypothalamus and pituitary stimulate a peripheral endocrine gland.
B) The nervous system stimulates a gland directly.
C) Changing plasma levels of a substance stimulate a gland directly.

Question 23

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by

A) excess sugar in the diet.
B) obesity.
C) an autoimmune disease.
D) an effect of aging.
E) a defect in antidiuretic hormone secretion.

Question 24

Which control pathway was responsible for the adrenaline release Goldilocks experienced when she woke up surrounded by 3 bears?

A) The hypothalamus and pituitary stimulated a peripheral endocrine gland.
B) The nervous system directly stimulated an endocrine gland.
C) Changing plasma levels of a substance directly stimulated an endocrine gland.

Question 25

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by

A) glucose in the urine.
B) excess urine production.
C) dehydration.
D) increased thirst.
E) all of the above.

Question 26

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone,which regulates the formation of melanin,is produced by the

A) pars intermedia of the pituitary gland.
B) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
C) pineal gland.
D) adrenal gland.
E) epidermis.

Question 27

Insulin causes

A) a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose.
B) a decrease in the permeability of cell membranes to glucose.
C) an increase in the production of glucose from glycogen.
D) an increase in the concentration of blood glucose.
E) none of the above.

Question 28

__________ secretions,sometimes called "local hormones," only affect neighboring cells.

A) Exocrine
B) Apocrine
C) Autocrine
D) Paracrine

Question 29

These lipid biochemicals are synthesized from arachidonic acid and have many diverse effects.

A) prostoglandins
B) steroids
C) cholesterol
D) G proteins

Question 30

Cholesterol is the building block of which hormone group?

A) amines
B) peptides
C) polypeptides and proteins
D) steroids

Question 31

Receptors for all __________ hormones are located inside the cell,not in the plasma membrane.

A) amine
B) peptide
C) polypeptides and protein
D) steroid

Question 32

This hormone sustains milk production after birth.

A) ADH
B) PTH
C) PRL
D) OT
E) GH

Question 33

For water soluble hormones,target cell receptors are usually found here.

A) in the nucleus
B) in the cytoplasm
C) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) in the plasma membrane

Question 34

What is the most common regulator of hormone secretion?

A) the autonomic nervous system
B) the central nervous system
C) negative feedback
D) positive feedback

Question 35

Thyroid hormone (TH)release in response to stimulation by TSH is an example of this control method.

A) The hypothalamus and pituitary stimulate a peripheral endocrine gland.
B) The nervous system stimulates a gland directly.
C) Changing plasma levels of a substance stimulate a gland directly.

Question 36

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)is an example of this.

A) G protein
B) second messenger
C) first messenger
D) hormone

Question 37

A person who is experiencing the effects of chronic stress usually has

A) increased activity of the spleen and other lymphatic organs.
B) increased activity of the immune system.
C) increased resistance to infections.
D) increased blood pressure.
E) decreased plasma levels of cortisol.

Question 38

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus usually includes

A) controlling the diet.
B) exercising regularly.
C) maintaining desirable body weight.
D) reducing sugar intake.
E) all of the above.

Question 39

After a meal,glucose levels in the blood rise and in response,the pancreas releases a hormone to lower blood glucose.This is an example of which control path?

A) The hypothalamus and pituitary stimulate a peripheral endocrine gland.
B) The nervous system stimulates a gland directly.
C) Changing plasma levels of a substance stimulate a gland directly.

Question 40

Which control path leads to the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)from the anterior pituitary?

A) The hypothalamus and pituitary stimulate a peripheral endocrine gland.
B) The nervous system stimulates a gland directly.
C) Changing plasma levels of a substance stimulate a gland directly.

Question 41

Hypophyseal capillary beds allow hypothalamic hormones to act on target cells in the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 42

Cyclic AMP is produced from molecules of _________ as a result of enzymatic action.

Question 43

Glands that release their secretion into ducts leading to a body surface are called __________ glands.

Question 44

Oxytocin acts on the myoepithelial cells of the breasts and causes them to eject breast milk.

Question 45

Hormone effects on target cells can continue even if hormone secretion has stopped.

Question 46

Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus have target cells in the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 47

Special hypophyseal capillary beds carry hormones from the pituitary gland to target cells in the hypothalamus.

Question 48

Target cells for a specific hormone do not always have a receptor for that hormone.

Question 49

Steroid hormones are lipid soluble,so they cannot pass through the plasma membrane.

Question 50

When a gland is stimulated to increase its secretion by the substance it produces,a(an)__________ feedback system is operating.

Question 51

Releasing hormones are carried from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland by vessels called hypophyseal __________ veins.

Question 52

The pancreas functions as both an endocrine gland and as an exocrine gland.

Question 53

The hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone is called ________.

Question 54

A group of lipids called prostaglandins act as "local hormones" on a variety of tissues.

Question 55

The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens.

Question 56

Hormone binding to its membrane receptor may cause increased permeability to sodium ions.

Question 57

Some cancerous tumors act like endocrine glands,causing disturbances in electrolyte balance.What might be the result of very high calcium levels in interstitial fluid?

A) Muscle and nerve cells would require less stimulation to depolarize.
B) Muscle and nerve cells would require more stimulation to depolarize.
C) Depolarization of muscle and nerve cells would not be affected by extra calcium outside the cells.
D) Muscle and nerve cell function could only be affected by changing levels of sodium and potassium.

Question 58

A group of lipids called __________ have powerful,regulating effects on a variety of tissues.

Question 59

Hormone/receptor binding may lead to secretion of another different hormone.

Question 60

The secretion of pituitary hormones is largely controlled by the hypothalamus.

Question 61

PTH targets cells of the intestine,kidneys and bones in order to regulate sodium concentration in the blood.

Question 62

This hormone causes protein synthesis,promotes fatty acid release from adipose tissue,and stimulates glucose formation from non-sugar sources.

A) aldosterone
B) GH
C) FSH
D) cortisol
E) renin

Question 63

What hormone raises blood calcium levels,stimulates osteoclasts,and increases absorption of calcium from the diet?

A) PTH
B) calcitonin
C) aldosterone
D) ADH

Question 64

Which hormone or hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary? Choose all that apply.
GH
LH
FSH
ACTH
__
ADH

Question 65

The ________ gland is a hormone-secreting structure located deep between the cerebral hemispheres,attached to the roof of the third ventricle.It is involved in functioning of the biological clock.

Question 66

The inner region of this endocrine gland produces hormones associated with fight or flight effects.

A) thyroid
B) pancreas
C) hypothalamus
D) adrenal
E) ovary

Question 67

What endocrine gland produces steroid hormones in regions called the zona glomerulosa,zona fasciculata and zona reticularis?

A) thyroid
B) pancreas
C) hypothalamus
D) adrenal
E) ovary

Question 68

The __________ gland must have iodine before it can synthesize its hormones.

Question 69

T₄ is 5 times more potent than T₃.

Question 70

The pancreas functions as part of the endocrine system and the __________ system.

Question 71

Sex hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex.

Question 72

This steroid hormone is a mineralocorticoid that targets kidney cells to conserve sodium ions and excrete potassium ions.

A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) erythropoietin
D) renin

Question 73

This hormone causes contraction of uterine smooth muscle and myoepithelial cells of milk-secreting glands.

A) ADH
B) PTH
C) PRL
D) OT
E) GH

Question 74

This hormone stimulates mitosis,growth of cells,and movement of amino acids into cells.

A) ADH
B) PTH
C) PRL
D) OT
E) GH

Question 75

Thyroxine (T₄)and Triiodothyronine (T₃)have opposite effects on target cells.

Question 76

Mental retardation or even death may result from insufficient levels of thyroxine in infants and children.

Question 77

This hormone lowers blood calcium levels.

A) PTH
B) GH
C) calcitonin
D) calcitriol

Question 78

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the anterior pituitary?

A) growth hormone
B) thyroid stimulating hormone
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) follicle stimulating hormone
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 79

Oversecretion of GH during childhood causes this disorder.

A) acromegaly
B) gigantism
C) exophthalmia
D) hyperlipidemia

Question 80

This hormone causes the kidneys to conserve water.

A) ADH
B) PTH
C) PRL
D) OT
E) GH