Deck 11: Motivating and Leading

Question 1

A study of average work hours in various countries conducted by Steers found that ________ worked longer hours and took fewer vacation days.

A) Koreans
B) Japanese
C) British
D) Indonesians

Answer 1

A

Question 2

________ suggests people would be motivated by opportunities for personal advancement and autonomy.

A) High individualism
B) Collectivism
C) Ethnocentrism
D) High masculinity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Blackmoor Industries is an American firm that manufactures automotive parts.The firm has several manufacturing facilities in the U.S.and one in a foreign country.Blackmoor's global managers have recently reported that workers in the foreign facility are more comfortable with the traditional division of work and roles.Consequently,flexible roles and work networks are unlikely to find favor in this particular facility,unlike in those spread across the U.S. If the above information is true,which of the following can be fittingly inferred?

A) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in a low uncertainty avoidance culture.
B) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in a highly individualist culture.
C) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in a masculine culture.
D) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in a low power distance culture.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The degree of general importance that working has in the life of an individual at any given point in time is called ________.

A) intrinsic motivation
B) extrinsic motivation
C) self-actualization
D) work centrality

Question 5

In ________,people are more comfortable with the traditional division of work and roles.

A) highly masculine cultures
B) highly feminine cultures
C) cultures characterized by low power distance
D) cultures with low uncertainty avoidance

Question 6

Which of the following is true with regard to Japanese workers?

A) Japanese workers consider work to be less important in their lives compared to leisure.
B) Japanese workers are typically lazy and are not dedicated to group goals.
C) Japanese workers typically feel strong kinship to their employers.
D) Japanese workers do not consider friendship to be an integral part of the workplace.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about collectivist cultures?

A) People place high emphasis on autonomy, opportunities for personal achievements, and a work-life balance.
B) People are motivated when they feel that the company is providing them with good working conditions, fringe benefits, and training.
C) People typically opt for high pay, personal accomplishment, and job advancement.
D) People typically opt for risky opportunities for variety and fast-track advancement.

Question 8

Low power distance implies that ________.

A) people would be more likely to prefer an autocratic leadership style
B) most people would be more comfortable with the traditional division of work and roles
C) people would be more motivated by teamwork and relations with peers
D) most people would be more comfortable with a clear distinction between managers and subordinates rather than with a blurring of decision-making responsibility

Question 9

With regard to transitioning economy in Russia,Russian managers primarily emphasize ________.

A) self-esteem
B) job security
C) intellectual capital
D) self-actualization

Question 10

In the Middle East,________ plays a major role in all aspects of life,including work.

A) religion
B) materialism
C) individualism
D) leisure

Question 11

In the context of needs,Eastern cultures tend to focus on ________.

A) the needs of the individual
B) the needs of society
C) materialistic needs
D) self-actualization needs

Question 12

Japanese workers are likely to ________.

A) emphasize personal goals over group-wide goals
B) be motivated by materialistic rewards
C) be insulted by material incentives
D) emphasize individual achievement over group achievement

Question 13

Which of the following is true about highly feminine cultures?

A) Opportunities for individual advancement and autonomy are the driving factors for people in feminine cultures.
B) People are more comfortable with the traditional division of work and roles.
C) The division of work and roles tend to be looser, motivating people through more flexible roles and work networks.
D) People are motivated by risky opportunities for variety and fast-track advancement.

Question 14

For most people,the basic meaning of work is tied to ________.

A) self-actualization needs
B) subordinateship
C) group membership
D) economic necessity

Question 15

Work centrality refers to ________.

A) the division of work roles between men and women in a given society
B) the degree of general importance that working has in the life of an individual at any given point in time
C) the concentration of work networks in a given region
D) employee attitudes toward leaders

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT accurately characterize workers in the Mexican culture?

A) They rank high on collectivism.
B) They rank high on power distance.
C) They rank low on individualism.
D) They rank low on uncertainty avoidance.

Question 17

________ research focused on how some people are motivated by internal aspirations and life goals,whereas others are primarily motivated by the job conditions.

A) Henry Mintzberg's
B) Henri Fayol's
C) Abraham Maslow's
D) Frederick Herzberg's

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true according to the MOW research study?

A) The Japanese hold work to be of minimal significance in their lives.
B) Arabs do not take work seriously.
C) Israelis derive a higher level of interest and satisfaction from work as compared with the Germans.
D) The British regard work to be the most important aspect in their lives.

Question 19

________ suggests being motivated by more risky opportunities for variety and fast-track advancement.

A) Low uncertainty avoidance
B) High uncertainty avoidance
C) Small power distance
D) Large power distance

Question 20

Which of the following is true,according to the MOW research study on work centrality?

A) The British are indifferent to leisure.
B) The Japanese hold leisure to be very important in their lives.
C) The British hold work to be very important in their lives.
D) The Japanese hold work to be very important in their lives.

Question 21

Which of the following is considered to be an incentive in China and gives workers more power?

A) low risk aversion
B) alignment with participatory style of leadership
C) training
D) networking

Question 22

________ is/are the most common reasons given by Mexican workers for absenteeism and for failing to return to work.

A) Personal illness
B) Family reasons
C) Job dissatisfaction
D) Transportation costs

Question 23

A merit-based reward system would be ineffective in Taiwan because such a system would most likely ________.

A) violate the traditional value system
B) hinder social networking
C) discourage junior employees
D) hinder productivity

Question 24

Which of the following is true with regard to Mexican workers?

A) Mexican workers need more reassurance than employees in the U.S.
B) Mexican workers tend to emphasize work over family.
C) The incidence of absenteeism is substantially low among Mexican workers.
D) Pure business relationships are highly regarded by Mexican workers.

Question 25

________ refers to the ability to recognize global market opportunities for a company and having a vision of doing business worldwide.

A) Cross-cultural awareness
B) Global business savvy
C) Global positioning
D) Technology savvy

Question 26

Rewarding the individual is frowned upon in ________ because it encourages competition rather than the desired group cooperation.

A) Taiwan
B) the United States
C) Canada
D) Japan

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the typical reward categories in the United States?

A) job content
B) cultural
C) financial
D) social status

Question 28

In Mexico,________ is of central importance.

A) individual objective
B) work
C) timeliness
D) family

Question 29

Which of the following helps explain why Maslow's higher-order needs are generally not very high on most Mexican workers' lists of needs?

A) an absence of free trade zones in the country
B) a low regard for family and personal relationships
C) a relatively low standard of living for most workers
D) a high rate of absenteeism in the maquiladoras

Question 30

In which of the following countries is a merit-based reward system most likely be effective?

A) South Korea
B) Taiwan
C) Japan
D) the United States

Question 31

The continued prevalence of authoritative leadership in Russia has resulted in ________.

A) flatter organizational structures
B) increased participation of employees in the decision-making process
C) the dissolution of the status quo
D) vertically managed hierarchies

Question 32

Which of the following is true about the Mexican culture?

A) Scheduling and time management are of utmost importance.
B) Harmony in the workplace is extremely important.
C) Workers expect leaders to involve them in decision making.
D) Business takes priority over family and friends.

Question 33

Blackmoor Industries is an American firm that manufactures automotive parts.Blackmoor has two manufacturing facilities in the U.S.and one in a foreign country.Blackmoor's global managers have recently reported that they are having difficulty motivating their employees to meet various deadlines and production quotas. Which of the following undermines the argument that Blackmoor's global managers should implement a merit-based reward system to motivate individual employees?

A) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in Korea, a country characterized by a traditional value system.
B) The employees in Blackmoor's foreign facility belong to a highly individualistic culture.
C) Blackmoor's foreign facility is located in Canada.
D) The employees in Blackmoor's foreign facility favor a democratic style of leadership.

Question 34

Mike Norris was assigned as a business manager at an American MNC's Russian subsidiary.In order to motivate his subordinates,Mike delegated limited authority to some of them.However,it did not work out as he expected.Which of the following is most likely the reason behind the plan's failure?

A) Workers in Russia are less likely to use their own judgment in making decisions.
B) The Russian culture is characterized by a low power distance.
C) The Russian culture is highly individualistic in nature.
D) Workers in Russia prefer self-managed work teams.

Question 35

Which of the following is typical of the Mexican business culture?

A) flat organizational structure
B) self-leadership
C) resistance to change
D) bottom-up decision making

Question 36

An employee's needs are determined largely by ________.

A) the organizational goals of the company he or she is a part of
B) the cultural context of values and attitudes
C) peer groups
D) reference groups

Question 37

The critical factors necessary for successful leadership abroad have come to be known as the ________.

A) global logistics
B) global mindset
C) cultural diversity
D) cultural quotient

Question 38

The task of ________ is the essence of leadership.

A) maintaining the status quo
B) helping management reduce costs
C) helping employees realize their highest potential in the workplace
D) insulating the organization from changes in the external business environment

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT one of the typical characteristics of a successful leader with a global mindset?

A) high flexibility
B) personal autonomy
C) emotional resilience
D) low cultural quotient

Question 40

Most managers in Mexico find that the management style that works best there is ________.

A) democratic
B) authoritative
C) theocratic
D) consultative

Question 41

Which of the following is true with regard to the global leader's role?

A) Managers on international assignments do not represent the parent firm.
B) The global leader's role comprises the interaction of two sets of variables, technology and information.
C) The cumulative effects of one or more weak managers hardly have a significant negative impact on the ability of the organization to meet its objectives.
D) Managers on international assignments try to maximize leadership effectiveness by juggling several important, and sometimes conflicting, roles.

Question 42

Which of the following is a negatively regarded trait of a leader?

A) effective bargainer
B) dictatorial
C) participative
D) autonomous

Question 43

According to the GLOBE Project,being a participative leader is regarded as more important in ________.

A) Canada
B) Egypt
C) Indonesia
D) Mexico

Question 44

Increasingly,global companies are requiring that their managers who will progress to top management positions must ________.

A) adopt an ethnocentric approach to management
B) have overseas assignment experience
C) adhere to an autocratic style of leadership
D) refrain from empowering subordinates

Question 45

Anna Preston is a senior manager in a high-technology company in the U.S.She has an in-depth knowledge of her company's resources,and the ability to recognize and exploit market opportunities abroad.Her thorough understanding of how the business and people operate at the local level in international markets makes her an invaluable asset to her company.Anna is ________.

A) global business savvy
B) an authoritarian leader
C) an enthnocentric manager
D) self-protective leader

Question 46

Modern leadership theory recognizes that ________.

A) no single leadership style works well in all situations
B) the charismatic style of leadership works well in all situations
C) the democratic style of leadership works well in all situations
D) the democratic, or participative, leadership style is less likely to have positive results with U.S. employees.

Question 47

A team-oriented leader is someone who ________.

A) asserts the interests of the team over larger organizational goals
B) exhibits diplomatic, integrative, and collaborative behaviors toward the team
C) who lacks compassion for subordinates
D) is self-centered, conflictual, and status conscious

Question 48

The context of leadership comprises ________.

A) clarity of information available in host area
B) the technical knowledge of the leader
C) the business environment
D) the communication skills of the leader

Question 49

The global leader's role comprises the interaction of two sets of variables,________.

A) the content and the context of leadership
B) technology and information
C) democratic leadership and autocratic leadership
D) differentiation and integration

Question 50

Which of the following is an effect of e-business on leadership?

A) Global leaders are obliged to adopt an ethnocentric approach to management in order to check the transformation of large corporations.
B) Individual managers are obliged to adapt to the hyperspeed environment of e-business, as well as to the need for visionary leadership in a whole new set of competitive industry dynamics.
C) The pace of international business has slowed down considerably resulting in a overall decline in efficiencies.
D) The importance of rigid organizational structure has increased

Question 51

Which of the following traits is considered an impediment to leadership effectiveness according to the GLOBE Project?

A) dictatorial
B) individualistic
C) status-conscious
D) self-sacrificial

Question 52

The ________ leader is one who delegates decision making and encourages subordinates to take responsibility.

A) charismatic
B) autocratic
C) participative
D) self-protective

Question 53

The ________ dimension describes a leader who is self-centered,conflictual,and status conscious.

A) humane
B) team-oriented
C) participative
D) self-protective

Question 54

Which of the following refers to one of the four personal development strategies,outlined by Morrison,Gregersen,and Black,through which companies and managers can meet the requirements of effective global leadership?

A) global positioning
B) hiring
C) training
D) technology

Question 55

Which of the following is one of the typical roles managers on international assignments must often play to enhance leadership effectiveness?

A) representative of competing firms
B) manager of the local firm
C) cultural representative of the host country
D) cultural representative of the neighboring country

Question 56

A visionary leader who inspires subordinates and is performance-oriented would be best described as a(n)________ leader.

A) charismatic
B) autocratic
C) dictatorial
D) self-protective

Question 57

________ involves the ability to inspire and influence the thinking,attitudes,and behavior of people anywhere in the world.

A) Effective global leadership
B) An ethnocentric approach to management
C) Effective repatriation
D) An autocratic style of leadership

Question 58

Industry leaders in France and Italy are highly regarded for their ________.

A) social prominence
B) appreciation of science
C) rigidity
D) xenocentrism

Question 59

The content of leadership comprises ________.

A) community relations
B) the attributes of the leader
C) the level of risk faced by the leader
D) the business environment

Question 60

The ________ model of leadership style has been recommended by American research studies as the one more likely to have positive results with most U.S.employees.

A) autocratic
B) authoritarian
C) self-protective
D) participative

Question 61

Hofstede's research on leadership reflects the values of ________.

A) superiors
B) the top management
C) born globals
D) subordinates

Question 62

In the U.S.,rewards usually fall into five categories: financial,social status,job content,career,and professional.

Question 63

Which of the following refers to a cultural variable that shapes the content of a leadership situation?

A) elasticity of demand
B) level of risk
C) productivity
D) work norms

Question 64

Most managers in Mexico find that the management style that works best there is authoritative and paternal.

Question 65

According to Laurent,managers in Sweden,Denmark,and Great Britain believe that employees should ________.

A) adopt a collectivist mindset
B) not be involved in the decision-making process
C) participate in problem solving
D) be "fed" all the answers by their superiors

Question 66

Managers around the world have similar needs but show differing levels of satisfaction of those needs derived from their jobs.

Question 67

Workers in a high power-distance society like India are more likely to prefer ________.

A) managers, who encourage the increased involvement of subordinates in the decision-making process
B) clear distinctions between managers and subordinates
C) managers, who exhibit a democratic style of leadership
D) a flat organizational structure

Question 68

Employees in countries that rank high on power distance are more likely to prefer a(n)________.

A) autocratic leadership style
B) participative leadership style
C) charismatic leadership style
D) consultative leadership style

Question 69

In the Mexican culture,the workers expect the managers to delegate authority and encourage participation.

Question 70

According to Laurent,the perception of what is effective management is significantly affected by a person's ________.

A) decision-making skills
B) participative abilities
C) esteem needs
D) national origin

Question 71

Having which of the following traits is universally considered to facilitate leadership effectiveness?

A) visionary
B) self-protective
C) autocratic
D) malevolent

Question 72

According to the contingency theory of leadership,international managers ________.

A) must try to enforce the parent-country norms across foreign subsidiaries
B) must adjust their leadership behaviors according to the context, norms, attitudes, and other variables in the host country
C) must rigidly conform to the motivational theories and practices of the parent country
D) must not link performance with reward

Question 73

According to the GLOBE project,which of the following are most likely to view the terms "leader" and "manager" negatively?

A) the Arabs
B) the Dutch
C) the Mexicans
D) the Americans

Question 74

People in countries with a high level of national individualism are more likely to be motivated by opportunities for personal advancement.

Question 75

The Mexican culture,generally,is "doing-oriented," compared to the "being-oriented" culture that prevails in the rest of North America.

Question 76

Employees in countries that rank low on power distance are more likely to prefer a(n)________ style.

A) autocratic leadership
B) participative leadership
C) self-protective leadership
D) authoritarian leadership

Question 77

The degree of general importance that working has in the life of an individual at any given point in time is known as work centrality.

Question 78

In collectivist cultures,employees typically value their autonomy,and are unlikely to be motivated by fringe benefits and training provided by the employer.

Question 79

People with high uncertainty avoidance are motivated by more risky opportunities for variety and fast-track advancement.

Question 80

High power distance implies that people would be more motivated by teamwork and relations with peers.