Deck 16: Digestive System

Question 1

The elevation of the soft palate,contraction of constrictor muscles,and movement of the epiglottis over the opening of the larynx all occur in

A)the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.
B)the voluntary phase of swallowing.
C)the esophageal phase of swallowing.
D)the process of mastication.
E)peristalsis.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Identify the incorrect pairing.

A)mucosa of GI tract $\rightarrow$ mucous membrane that folds into villi
B)submucosa $\rightarrow$ has blood vessels,lymph vessels,and nerves
C)muscularis tunic $\rightarrow$ part of the serosa layer that has skeletal muscle for movement of bowels
D)serosa $\rightarrow$ anchor structures to surrounding tissue
E)enteric plexus $\rightarrow$ coordination of contraction & secretion

Answer 2

muscularis tunic $\rightarrow$ part of the serosa layer that has skeletal muscle for movement of bowels

Question 3

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are described as being

A)retroperitoneal.
B)visceral peritoneal.
C)parietal peritoneal.
D)antiperitoneal.
E)abdominopelvic.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Mechanical digestion

A)breaks large food particles into small food particles.
B)increases the efficiency of chemical digestion.
C)occurs in the mouth and stomach.
D)has all of these characteristics.
E)has none of these characteristics.

Question 5

Saliva contains:

A)water
B)bicarbonate ions
C)mucus
D)lysozymes
E)all of the above

Question 6

The bicarbonate ions in saliva:

A)kill bacteria in the oral cavity
B)aide in the detection of tastes
C)reduce the harmful effects of bacterial acids on enamel
D)break down simple sugars in food
E)break down triglycerides in food

Question 7

The structure that projects from the posterior edge of the soft palate is the

A)frenulum.
B)hard palate.
C)uvula.
D)tonsils.
E)submandibular gland.

Question 8

As a bolus of food passes through the pharynx,the vestibular and vocal folds _______ and the epiglottis ______ the opening to the larynx.

A)close; closes
B)close; opens
C)open; opens
D)open; closes
E)open; tips anteriorly over

Question 9

Which of the following organs are NOT retroperitoneal?

A)kidneys
B)adrenal glands
C)spleen
D)pancreas
E)urinary bladder

Question 10

All of these are one of the four tunics found throughout the digestive tract EXCEPT:

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)glandulosa
D)muscularis
E)serosa

Question 11

Each quadrant of the adult mouth contains ___ incisors,___ canines,___ premolars,and ___ molars.

A)1,2,3,2
B)1,2,2,3
C)2,1,3,2
D)2,1,2,3
E)3,2,1,2

Question 12

Which of the tunics has a longitudinal and circular layer of smooth muscle cells?

A)mucosa
B)muscularis
C)serosa
D)adventitia
E)submucosa

Question 13

The living,cellular,calcified tissue in a tooth is the

A)pulp.
B)alveoli.
C)enamel.
D)dentin.
E)gingiva.

Question 14

The enteric plexus is composed of nerve plexuses from the

A)mucosa and submucosa tunics.
B)mucosa and adventitia tunics.
C)submucosa and muscularis tunics.
D)muscularis and adventitia tunics.
E)adventitia and submucosa tunics.

Question 15

Which of these is NOT a pair of salivary glands?

A)parotid
B)submandibular
C)submucosal
D)sublingual

Question 16

Digestion of ________ begins in the mouth by the enzyme ____________.

A)protein,pepsin
B)protein,amylase
C)protein,bile
D)starch,pepsin
E)starch,amylase

Question 17

Which of these are functions of the tongue?

A)aids in mastication
B)plays a major role in swallowing
C)is a major sensory organ for taste
D)is a major organ for speech
E)All of these are functions of the tongue.

Question 18

The esophagus

A)is a cartilaginous tube.
B)extends from the nasal cavity to the stomach.
C)lies anterior to the trachea.
D)has upper and lower sphincters.
E)has all of these properties.

Question 19

There are _____ teeth in the normal adult mouth,which are replacements for the _____ deciduous teeth that are lost during childhood.

A)32,16
B)30,18
C)28,20
D)30,20
E)32,20

Question 20

The __________ glands are the largest salivary glands.

A)parotid
B)pharyngeal
C)palatine
D)sublingual
E)submandibular

Question 21

Presence of which of these chemicals or conditions would stimulate increased gastric secretion?

A)secretin
B)cholecystokinin
C)gastric inhibitory peptide
D)gastrin
E)acidic chyme in the duodenum

Question 22

Which of these would inhibit gastric secretion?

A)pleasant thoughts of food
B)chewing and swallowing food
C)sympathetic stimulation
D)gastrin
E)food present in the stomach

Question 23

All of these structures are matched with the correct description of the stomach EXCEPT:

A)cardiac region - the area closest to the small intestine
B)fundus - the most superior portion of the stomach
C)pyloric opening - opening from the stomach into the small intestine
D)body - the largest portion of the stomach.
E)pyloric sphincter - relatively thick ring of smooth muscle

Question 24

_______,secreted by the gastric glands,increases the release of stomach secretions.

A)Amylase
B)Histamine
C)Lipase
D)Secretin
E)Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 25

Chief cells are found in

A)the liver.
B)the stomach.
C)the small intestine.
D)the pancreas.
E)the esophagus.

Question 26

The letter A represents the

A)periodontal ligament.
B)enamel.
C)root.
D)pulp cavity.
E)dentin.

Question 27

The grinding and mashing of food is also known as

A)peristalsis.
B)swallowing.
C)mastication.
D)defecation.
E)emulsification.

Question 28

When you eat a meal that is very high in fat,your stomach empties much more slowly than if you had eaten a low fat meal.Why?

A)The presence of high amounts of fat in the duodenum causes the release of secretin which increases the secretions from the pancreas and gall bladder but decreases gastric motility thereby causing your stomach to empty slower.
B)The presence of high amounts of fat in the duodenum causes the release of bicarbonate which directly decreases stomach motility.
C)The presence of high amounts of fat in the duodenum causes the release of CCK which increases the secretions from the pancreas and gall bladder but decreases gastric motility thereby causing your stomach to empty slower.
D)The presence of high amounts of fat in the duodenum causes the release of gastrin which then inhibits gastric motility.
E)The presence of high amounts of fat in the stomach causes a decrease in gastric secretions and motility.

Question 29

During swallowing,the _________ elevates closing off the nasopharynx and the ______ closes to prevent food from entering the trachea.

A)soft palate; tracheal cartilage
B)soft palate; epiglottis
C)glottis; epiglottis
D)epiglottis; soft palate
E)tongue; cartilaginous rings

Question 30

Janet is an ice hockey player.During one particularly intense game,she is checked into the boards.In the crash,she looses all of her incisors and canine teeth.What effect will this have on mastication?

A)Janet will be unable to grind her food into smaller pieces.
B)Janet won't be capable of bobbing for apples at the yearly Halloween party.
C)Janet will not be able to chew at all.
D)There will be no effect on Janet's mastication habits as all the teeth perform the same function.
E)There will be no effect on Janet's mastication habits as teeth have nothing to do with mastication.

Question 31

Parietal cells are found in

A)the liver.
B)the stomach.
C)the small intestine.
D)the pancreas.
E)the esophagus.

Question 32

Which of the following phases of gastric secretion are paired correctly with their functions or actions?

A)cephalic phase - secretions of the stomach increase in preparation for food delivery
B)cephalic phase - secretions of the stomach decrease in preparation for food delivery
C)gastric phase - secretions of the stomach decrease
D)intestinal phase - secretions of the stomach increase
E)intestinal phase - secretions of the stomach are at their highest level

Question 33

Gastric acid secretions:

A)are controlled by neural stimulation
B)are controlled by hormonal regulation
C)are controlled by negative feedback loops
D)are neutralized in the duodenum by bicarbonate from the pancreas
E)All of the above are true of gastric secretions.

Question 34

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following EXCEPT

A)analysis of material before swallowing
B)immunological functions
C)lubrication
D)digestion of proteins
E)increasing surface area of food

Question 35

The letter F represents the

A)crown.
B)gingival.
C)root.
D)pulp cavity.
E)neck.

Question 36

Which of these describes movement of food in the stomach?

A)Strong peristaltic waves force chyme toward the pylorus.
B)The ingested food is mixed with stomach secretions by mixing waves.
C)Segmental contractions move food toward the pylorus.
D)Hunger contractions cause movement of food toward the esophagus.
E)Both strong peristaltic waves force chyme toward the pylorus and the ingested food is mixed with stomach secretions by mixing waves are correct.

Question 37

Mucous neck cells are found in

A)the liver.
B)the stomach.
C)the small intestine.
D)the pancreas.
E)the esophagus.

Question 38

Which type of food will sit in your stomach for the longest time period?

A)carrots
B)toast
C)bacon
D)lettace
E)a piece of chicken

Question 39

The greatest volume of gastric secretion occurs during

A)the cephalic phase.
B)the gastric phase.
C)the intestinal phase.
D)swallowing.
E)mastication.

Question 40

The major stimulus of gastric motility and emptying is:

A)distention of the stomach wall
B)distention of the duodenum
C)the presence of high fat foods in the duodenum
D)an increase in levels of secretin
E)an increase in levels of cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 41

The liver

A)has two major lobes called the caudate and quadrate.
B)lies against the superior surface of the diaphragm.
C)is separated into right and left lobes by the falciform ligament.
D)has a porta on the superior surface where hepatic veins enter the liver.
E)has all of these properties.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)During peristalsis,the circular muscles behind the bolus contract moving it forward,while the circular muscles in front of the bolus relax.
B)The chief cells of the stomach produce salivary amylase & intrinsic factor.
C)The duodenum and jejunum is where most digestion & absorption occurs in the GI tract.
D)Gastric secretions are regulated by the medulla oblongata,the CNS reflexes and higher brain centers.
E)The function of the stomach is to mix & further fragment food particles.

Question 43

Which of these characteristics increases as one moves from the duodenum to the ileum?

A)diameter of the small intestine
B)thickness of the intestinal wall
C)number of Peyer's patches
D)number of circular folds
E)number of villi

Question 44

__________ binds to vitamin B₁₂ and increases its absorption.

A)Intrinsic factor
B)Hydrochloric acid
C)Pepsin (secreted as pepsinogen)
D)Mucus
E)Gastrin

Question 45

____________ breaks down proteins.

A)Intrinsic factor
B)Hydrochloric acid
C)Pepsin (secreted as pepsinogen)
D)Mucus
E)Gastrin

Question 46

Lacteals

A)are found within duodenal glands.
B)are lymph capillaries.
C)are important for absorbing proteins and amino acids.
D)secrete lymph into the small intestine.
E)are important sources of digestive enzymes.

Question 47

The modification of the mucosa of the small intestine that allows for an increase in surface area are the

A)circular folds and villi.
B)mucous glands.
C)lacteals.
D)adventitia.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 48

Rugae are found in

A)the liver.
B)the stomach.
C)the small intestine.
D)the pancreas.
E)the esophagus.

Question 49

Hepatic cords are plate-like groups of

A)hepatocytes.
B)sinusoids.
C)canaliculi.
D)veins.
E)lobules.

Question 50

Bile flows directly from

A)the gall bladder into the common bile duct.
B)the hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct.
C)the cystic duct and common hepatic duct into the common bile duct.
D)the bile canaliculus into the cystic duct.
E)both the hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct and common hepatic duct into the common bile duct.

Question 51

Given these vessels associated with the liver: 1)central vein
2)hepatic portal vein
3)hepatic sinusoid
4)hepatic vein
Which of these represents the correct pathway of blood flow through a liver lobule?

A)1,2,3,4
B)2,3,1,4
C)2,1,3,4
D)3,1,2,4
E)4,2,1,3

Question 52

Which of these structures do NOT increase the surface area of the small intestine to allow more efficient digestion and absorption of food?

A)duodenal glands
B)circular folds
C)villi
D)microvilli
E)None of these increase surface area for absorption.

Question 53

The pancreas has

A)an endocrine portion consisting of acini.
B)an exocrine portion consisting of pancreatic islets.
C)the pancreatic duct,which carries digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
D)the pancreatic duct,which empties into the jejunum.
E)both an endocrine portion consisting of acini and an exocrine portion consisting of pancreatic islets.

Question 54

Intrinsic factor

A)is secreted by the pancreatic islets.
B)increases the activity of parietal and chief cells.
C)inhibits the activity of the stomach.
D)is produced in response to sympathetic stimulation.
E)binds with Vitamin B₁₂ and makes it more readily absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 55

Portal triads,at the corners of liver lobules,contain

A)hepatic artery,hepatic sinusoids,and central vein.
B)hepatic artery,hepatic portal vein,and hepatic duct.
C)hepatic sinusoids,hepatic vein,and hepatic artery.
D)hepatic portal vein,hepatic sinusoids,and hepatic duct.
E)hepatic vein,central vein,and hepatic sinusoids.

Question 56

All of the following are secretions of the small intestine EXCEPT:

A)gastric inhibitory polypeptide
B)peptidases
C)sucrase
D)lactase
E)nucleases

Question 57

The hormone gastrin

A)is secreted by the pancreatic islets.
B)increases the activity of parietal and chief cells.
C)inhibits the activity of the stomach.
D)is produced in response to sympathetic stimulation.
E)binds with Vitamin B₁₂ and makes it more readily absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 58

Bile is produced in the liver by

A)the gall bladder.
B)hepatocytes.
C)hepatic sinusoids.
D)the portal triad.
E)the bile canaliculi.

Question 59

_____________ produces a low pH and kills microorganisms.

A)Intrinsic factor
B)Hydrochloric acid
C)Pepsin (secreted as pepsinogen)
D)Mucus
E)Gastrin

Question 60

____________________ protects epithelial cells of stomach wall.

A)Intrinsic factor
B)Hydrochloric acid
C)Pepsin (secreted as pepsinogen)
D)Mucus
E)Gastrin

Question 61

Jason developed a blockage of the pancreatic duct.Which of the following is true?

A)He will be unable to digest carbohydrates in the small intestine.
B)He will be unable to digest fats in the small intestine.
C)He will be unable to digest proteins in the small intestine.
D)The pH in his duodenum will be lower than normal.
E)All of these are plausible results of a complete blockage of the pancreatic duct.

Question 62

Acini are found in

A)the liver.
B)the stomach.
C)the small intestine.
D)the pancreas.
E)the esophagus.

Question 63

Sinusoids are found associated with

A)the liver.
B)the stomach.
C)the small intestine.
D)the pancreas.
E)the esophagus.

Question 64

All of these are functions of the liver EXCEPT:

A)neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fat
B)produces and secretes several digestive enzymes
C)removes sugar from the blood and stores it as glycogen
D)synthesizes blood proteins
E)converts amino acids to lipids or glucose

Question 65

Reg Yular noticed that every morning after breakfast,he had a bowel movement,regardless of the amount he ate.Since he knows you are a student of physiology,he inquires why this happens and you explain

A)that some meals,especially breakfast,trigger mass movements in the colon.
B)that movement of feces into the rectum initiates the defecation reflex.
C)that his colon responds to a new day by initiating the defecation reflex.
D)that he was trained very well when he was young.
E)Both that some meals,especially breakfast,trigger mass movements in the colon and that movement of feces into the rectum initiates the defecation reflex are needed to completely explain the phenomenon.

Question 66

Which of these is NOT an enzyme produced by the pancreas?

A)gastrin
B)trypsin
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)nuclease

Question 67

Which of these processes requires a carrier molecule?

A)digestion
B)absorption (membrane co-transport)
C)absorption (simple diffusion)
D)All of these require carrier molecules.
E)None of these require carrier molecules.

Question 68

Ellen has advanced liver disease.Her liver function is almost zero.Which of the following would be affected?

A)her ability to digest carbohydrates
B)her ability to digest proteins
C)her ability to synthesize and store glycogen
D)her ability to absorb vitamin B₁₂
E)None of these would be affected.

Question 69

Which of these is NOT a function of the large intestine?

A)absorption of waste and salts
B)absorption of vitamin K
C)secretion of mucus
D)storage of waste
E)secretion of digestive enzymes

Question 70

The formation of feces involves all of the following except:

A)compaction of materials
B)reabsorption of water and salts
C)secretion of mucus
D)extensive actions of microorganisms
E)action of pepsin

Question 71

Explain how the secretion of cholecystokinin in response to fats in the duodenum,together with the actions of cholecystokinin,constitute a negative feedback mechanism.

A)Contraction of the gall bladder moves bile into the duodenum.
B)Pancreatic enzymes include lipase,which digests fat.
C)Bile contains bile salts,which emulsify fats.
D)As fats are digested,the stimulus for secretion of further cholecystokinin is removed.
E)All of these are necessary components of this negative feedback mechanism.

Question 72

Given these portions of the large intestine: 1)ascending colon
2)descending colon
3)sigmoid colon
4)transverse colon
Which of these represents the correct order of portions of the large intestine as food would pass through them?

A)1,2,3,4
B)1,3,2,4
C)1,4,2,3
D)2,1,4,3
E)2,4,1,3

Question 73

Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with the digestion of

A)protein.
B)lipids.
C)carbohydrates.
D)cellulose.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 74

The mesentery connecting the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon and body wall is the

A)lesser omentum.
B)falciform ligament.
C)greater omentum.
D)parietal peritoneum.
E)visceral peritoneum.

Question 75

The cecum

A)is the proximal end of the large intestine.
B)is a blind sac.
C)has the appendix attached to it.
D)is at the location where the small intestine joins the large intestine.
E)has all of these characteristics.

Question 76

Pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate ions is stimulated by

A)gastrin secretion.
B)cholecystokinin secretion.
C)secretion of secretin.
D)gastric inhibitory peptide secretion.
E)sympathetic stimulation.

Question 77

Which of these statements concerning the release of cholecystokinin is correct?

A)The main stimulus for cholecystokinin secretion is acidic chyme in the duodenum.
B)Cholecystokinin causes the contraction of the gallbladder.
C)Cholecystokinin causes mucous secretion from the duodenal glands.
D)Cholecystokinin causes the pancreas to release an enzyme-rich solution from the pancreas.
E)Both cholecystokinin causes the contraction of the gallbladder and cholecystokinin causes the pancreas to release an enzyme-rich solution from the pancreas are correct.

Question 78

Three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle in the wall of the large intestine are called the

A)teniae coli.
B)cecum.
C)the myenteric plexus.
D)recti coli.
E)coli longitudini.

Question 79

The major secretion of goblet cells in the large intestine is

A)digestive enzymes.
B)hydrochloric acid.
C)mucus.
D)hormones.
E)bile.

Question 80

Which of these structures is NOT part of the large intestine?

A)cecum
B)ileum
C)anal canal
D)rectum
E)colon