Deck 4: Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Figure 4.1

Which drawing in Figure 4.1 possesses an axial filament?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis ultimately cause bacterial cell death as a result of

A) decreased synthesis of peptidoglycan.
B) plasmolysis.
C) osmotic lysis.
D) cell shrinkage.
E) inhibition of molecular transport.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically

A) stay the same.
B) plasmolyze.
C) lyse.
D) burst.
E) osmolyze.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in distilled water with lysozyme?

A) The cell will plasmolyze.
B) Water will leave the cell.
C) Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell.
D) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

Question 5

In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in

A) cytoplasm.
B) chloroplasts.
C) ribosomes.
D) chromatophores.
E) mesosomes.

Question 6

The DNA found in most bacterial cells

A) is linear in structure.
B) is circular in structure.
C) is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
D) is found in multiple copies.
E) utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells?

A) They reproduce by binary fission.
B) They lack a plasma membrane.
C) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
D) They typically have a circular chromosome.
E) They lack membrane- enclosed organelles.

Question 8

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains porins?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 9

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell?

A) the plasma membrane
B) surrounding flagella
C) ribosomes
D) around organelles
E) the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella

Question 10

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell?

A) flagella
B) around organelles
C) the plasma membrane
D) ribosomes
E) the plasma membrane and around organelles

Question 11

By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration?

A) aquaporins
B) extracellular enzymes
C) facilitated diffusion
D) active transport
E) simple diffusion

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5 percent NaCl?

A) Water will move out of the cell.
B) Water will move into the cell.
C) Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.
D) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

Question 13

How do spirochetes and spirilla differ?

A) Spirilla are found in chains of cells whereas spirochetes exist as individual cells.
B) Spirochetes do not have a cell wall but spirilla do.
C) Spirochetes and spirilla are basically the same organisms and the terms can be used interchangeably.
D) Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.
E) Spirochetes have a rigid, corkscrew shape while spirilla are helical and more flexible.

Question 14

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall has a structure that protects against osmotic lysis?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 15

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) gas vacuoles - flotation
B) sulfur granules - energy reserve
C) metachromatic granules - phosphate storage
D) lipid inclusions - energy reserve
E) ribosomes - protein storage

Question 16

Figure 4.1

Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is streptococci?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 17

Which of the following statements about gram- negative cell walls is FALSE?

A) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.
B) They are sensitive to penicillin.
C) They are toxic to humans.
D) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids.
E) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.

Question 18

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 19

Which of the following structures is NOT found in some prokaryotic cells?

A) axial filament
B) peritrichous flagella
C) flagellum
D) pilus
E) cilium

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT part of the passive transport process?

A) concentration gradient
B) ATP
C) transporter proteins
D) aquaporins
E) plasma membrane

Question 21

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram- negative cell wall?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 22

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall possesses molecules responsible for symptoms associated with infection?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 23

You have isolated a motile, gram- positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that the cell

A) has 9 pairs + 2 flagella.
B) lives in an extreme environment.
C) has a mitochondrion.
D) has a cell wall.
E) has cilia.

Question 24

Fimbriae and pili differ in that

A) there are only one or two pili per cell.
B) pili are used for motility.
C) pili are used to transfer DNA.
D) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.
E) pili are used for attachment to surfaces.

Question 25

Which of the following have a cell wall?

A) animal cells
B) mycoplasmas
C) L forms
D) protoplasts
E) fungi

Question 26

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) A cell can produce many endospores.
B) Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes.
C) A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing.
D) Endospores are for reproduction.
E) Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes?

A) contains cholesterol
B) contains proteins
C) composed of a phospholipid bilayer
D) site of energy production
E) is selectively permeable

Question 28

Which of the following are NOT energy reserves?

A) sulfur granules
B) carboxysomes
C) polysaccharide granules
D) lipid inclusions
E) metachromatic granules

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a functionally analogous pair?

A) cilia - pili
B) 9+2 flagella - bacterial flagella
C) chloroplasts - thylakoids
D) nucleus - nucleiod region
E) mitochondria - prokaryotic plasma membrane

Question 30

The terms "run" and "tumble" are generally associated with

A) cell membrane synthesis.
B) cell wall fluidity.
C) taxic movements of the cell.
D) clustering properties of certain rod- shaped bacteria.

Question 31

Figure 4.2

Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2?

A) lophotrichous flagella
B) monotrichous flagella
C) axial filament
D) amphitrichous flagella
E) peritrichous flagella

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT found in mitochondria and prokaryotes?

A) ATP- generating mechanism
B) binary fission
C) cell wall
D) 70S ribosomes
E) circular chromosome

Question 33

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) mitochondria - ATP production
B) lysosome - digestive enzymes
C) Golgi complex - secretion
D) centrosome - food storage
E) endoplasmic reticulum - internal transport

Question 34

Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?

A) It may require a transport protein.
B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
D) It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.
E) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.

Question 35

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane

A) through simple diffusion.
B) with the help of a nonspecific transporter.
C) by osmosis.
D) through facilitated diffusion.
E) through porins.

Question 36

Figure 4.1

Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 37

Bacteria are a commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. Which of the following would most likely be used to lyse the bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation?

A) alcohol
B) mycolic acid
C) polymixins
D) lysozyme
E) water

Question 38

Which structure acts like an "invisibility cloak" and protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

A) capsule
B) cell wall
C) fimbriae
D) slime layer
E) cell membrane

Question 39

Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell?

A) mitochondrion
B) cell wall
C) Golgi complex
D) vacuole
E) nucleus

Question 40

Each of the following statements concerning the gram- positive cell wall is true EXCEPT

A) it protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.
B) it is sensitive to lysozyme.
C) it maintains the shape of the cell.
D) it is sensitive to penicillin.
E) it contains teichoic acids.

Question 41

Antibiotics that target the cell wall are an effective treatment against many pathogenic bacteria.

Question 42

Cells placed in a hypotonic solution tend to lose water due to osmotic pressure.

Question 43

Functions of the glycocalyx include all of the following EXCEPT

A) biofilm formation.
B) source of nutrition.
C) increased virulence.
D) binary fission.
E) protection against dehydration.

Question 44

Small, hydrophobic molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily by diffusion.

Question 45

If you observe rod- shaped red cells after the Gram stain, you can assume their cell walls contain endotoxin.

Question 46

The number of organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum is the same in all eukaryotic cells.

Question 47

Compare and contrast gram- positive and gram- negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, (b) resistance to phagocytosis, (c) chemical composition, and (d) decolorization by alcohol.

Question 48

The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion

A) moves materials from a lower to a higher concentration.
B) requires transporter proteins.
C) requires ATP.
D) does not require ATP.
E) moves materials from a higher to a lower concentration.

Question 49

The cell walls of bacteria are responsible for the shape of the bacteria and the difference in the Gram stain reaction.

Question 50

Many enzymes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized within organelles.

Question 51

A gram- positive bacteria suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. This trait most likely occurred due to

A) meisosis.
B) conjugation.
C) binary fission.
D) transformation.
E) transduction.

Question 52

Spheroplasts, protoplasts, and mycoplasms are bacterial cells without cell walls.

Question 53

Endospores are a reproductive structure.

Question 54

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by alcohol?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 55

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 56

The internal structure of eukaryotic cilia and flagella are the same.