Deck 17: Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Question 1

Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?

A) hapten
B) granzymes
C) IL- 1
D) perforin
E) IL- 2

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE?

A) They destroy virus- infected cells.
B) They are stimulated by an antigen.
C) They destroy cells lacking MHC I.
D) They destroy tumor cells.
E) None of the answers are correct; all of these statements are true.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are

A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
E) IgE.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following cells is NOT an APC?

A) natural killer cells
B) dentritic cells
C) macrophages
D) immature B cells
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are APCs.

Question 5

IL- 2, produced by T_H cells,

A) activates T_C cells to CTLs.
B) activates macrophages.
C) causes phagocytosis.
D) stimulates T_H cell maturation.
E) activates antigen- presenting cells.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about IL- 12 is FALSE?

A) It activates macrophages.
B) It inhibits some tumor cells.
C) It causes T_H cells to respond to HIV.
D) It causes autoimmune diseases.
E) It activates the T_H1 pathway.

Question 7

Thymic selection

A) destroys T cells that do not recognize self- molecules of MHC.
B) activates B cells.
C) destroys CD4⁺ cells that attack self.
D) destroys MHC molecules.
E) destroys B cells that make antibodies against self.

Question 8

Which of the following destroys virus- infected cells?

A) ^Treg
B) CTL
C) B cells
D) dendritic cells
E) T_H

Question 9

Which of the following bacterial components would most likely result in B cell stimulation by T- independent antigens?

A) ribosome
B) pili
C) flagellum
D) plasmid
E) capsule

Question 10

Which of the following is the best definition of epitope?

A) specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies
B) specific regions on antigens that interact with T- cell receptors
C) specific regions on antigens that interact with MHC class molecules
D) specific regions on antigens that interact with haptens
E) specific regions on antigens that interact with perforins

Question 11

Which of the following statements is NOT a possible outcome of antigen- antibody reaction?

A) opsonization
B) clonal deletion
C) ADCC
D) agglutination
E) activation of complement

Question 12

The specificity of an antibody is due to

A) its valence.
B) the H chains.
C) the L chains.
D) the constant portions of the H and L chains.
E) the variable portions of the H and L chains.

Question 13

CD4⁺ T cells are activated by

A) complement.
B) cytokines released by dendritic cells.
C) interaction between CD4⁺ and MHC II.
D) interaction between TCRs and MHC II.
E) cytokines released by B cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?

A) They are responsible for antibody formation.
B) They have antibodies on their surfaces.
C) They originate in bone marrow.
D) They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.
E) They are responsible for the memory response.

Question 15

The following events occur in cellular immunity. What is the third step?

A) Dendritic cell takes up antigen.
B) Antigen enters M cell.
C) T_H cells proliferate.
D) T_H cell produces cytokines.
E) Antibodies are produced.

Question 16

In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are

A) IgD.
B) IgE.
C) IgA.
D) IgM.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 17

The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?

A) IgM
B) IgE
C) IgD
D) IgG
E) IgA

Question 18

Plasma cells are activated by a(n)

A) T cell.
B) B cell.
C) APC.
D) memory cell.
E) antigen.

Question 19

What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection?

A) innate immunity
B) naturally acquired active immunity
C) naturally acquired passive immunity
D) artificially acquired active immunity
E) artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 20

Figure 17.1

In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the highest antibody titer during the patient's response to a second antigen?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 21

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The variable region of a light chain binds with antigen.
B) The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.
C) The Fc region attaches to a host cell.
D) The variable region of a heavy chain binds with antigen.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 22

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2, which areas represent antigen- binding sites?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) c and d
E) b and d

Question 23

Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are

A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
E) IgE.

Question 24

When an antibody binds to a toxin, the resulting action is referred to as

A) neutralization.
B) agglutination.
C) apoptosis.
D) opsonization.
E) ADCC.

Question 25

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2, which areas are similar for all IgG antibodies?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) c and d
E) b and d

Question 26

Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of

A) innate immunity.
B) naturally acquired active immunity.
C) naturally acquired passive immunity.
D) artificially acquired active immunity.
E) artificially acquired passive immunity.

Question 27

Figure 17.1

In Figure 17.1, which letter on the graph indicates the patient's secondary response to an antigen?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 28

Which of the following is the best definition of antigen?

A) a chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies
B) a chemical that combines with antibodies
C) a protein that combines with antibodies
D) a pathogen
E) something foreign in the body

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?

A) B cells make antibodies.
B) The cells originate in bone marrow.
C) T cells react with antigens.
D) Cells are processed in the thymus gland.
E) It can inhibit the immune response.

Question 30

ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying

A) eukaryotic pathogens.
B) bacterial toxins.
C) extracellular viruses.
D) virus- infected host cells.
E) bacterial pathogens.

Question 31

What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?

A) innate immunity
B) naturally acquired active immunity
C) naturally acquired passive immunity
D) artificially acquired active immunity
E) artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 32

The following events elicit an antibody response. What is the third step?

A) T_H cell produces cytokines.
B) B cell is activated.
C) Antigen- digest goes to surface of APC.
D) T_H cell recognizes antigen- digest and MHC II.
E) APC phagocytizes antigen.

Question 33

At a minimum, the human immune system is capable of recognizing approximately how many different antigens?

A) 10⁵ B) 10¹⁰ C) 10¹⁵ D) 10²⁰ E) 10²⁵

Question 34

What type of immunity results from vaccination?

A) innate immunity
B) naturally acquired active immunity
C) naturally acquired passive immunity
D) artificially acquired active immunity
E) artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 35

The antibodies found on the surface of B cells, and which always exist as monomers, are

A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
E) IgE.

Question 36

Figure 17.1

In Figure 17.1, the arrow at time (c) indicates

A) the primary response.
B) the T- cell response.
C) exposure to a new antigen.
D) the time of exposure to the same antigen as at time (a).
E) the secondary response.

Question 37

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2, what can attach to a host cell?

A) a and c
B) b and c
C) b
D) a and d
E) e

Question 38

Figure 17.2

In Figure 17.2, which areas are different for all IgM antibodies?

A) a and b
B) a and c
C) b and c
D) c and d

Question 39

Which of the following WBCs are NOT lymphocytes?

A) helper T cells
B) M cells
C) cytotoxic T cells
D) NK cells
E) B cells

Question 40

An antibody's Fc region can be bound by

A) antibodies.
B) CTLs.
C) macrophages.
D) B cells.
E) T helper cells.

Question 41

Apoptosis results in significant leakage of cellular contents.

Question 42

A person has antibodies against the measles virus. Identify three ways in which these antibodies could be acquired.

Question 43

The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are

A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
E) IgE.

Question 44

Cytokines released by T_H1 cells

A) kill parasites.
B) convert T_H1 cells to T_H2 cells.
C) convert B cells to T cells.
D) convert T_H2 cells to T_H1 cells.
E) activate CD8⁺ cells to CTLs.

Question 45

Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?

A) natural killer cell
B) basophil
C) T_C cell
D) T_H cell
E) B cell

Question 46

Memory cells do not require B cell receptors.

Question 47

The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is

A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
E) IgE.

Question 48

Cytokines are protein- based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.

Question 49

The variable region of the antibody is solely responsible the significant diversity of antigen targets.

Question 50

Positive diagnosis of AIDS is made when a patient has antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Why does a patient have an immune deficiency if he or she is making antibodies?

Question 51

Only dendritic cells produce interleukins.

Question 52

Cytokine storms negatively impact human health.

Question 53

The production of interferons at an infection site is critical for chemotaxis.

Question 54

When haptens attach to carrier molecules, an epitope forms on hapten which then can be bound to antibody.

Question 55

Plasma cells will eventually differentiate into memory cells.

Question 56

The implementation of vaccinations occurred prior to experimental support for the germ theory of disease.

Question 57

A T_reg cell deficiency could result in

A) autoimmunity.
B) transplant rejection.
C) increased number of bacterial infections.
D) increased severity of bacterial infections.
E) increased number of viral infections.