Deck 11: Relationships and Roles

Question 1

Richard has an interest in manipulating data and organizing things.His friends are always asking him to help them organize their finances and paperwork for taxes.Richard is considering a career as an accountant.This would fit with John Holland's personality type known as:

A)entrepreneurial.
B)conventional.
C)investigative.
D)realistic.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Masaaki is a chemist and his wife is a secretary at the local university.The phrase that best fits this career profile is:

A)"boundaryless careers."
B)"occupational segregation."
C)"occupational fit."
D)"lifespan theory of careers."

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When work provides inner fulfillment,and allows a person to satisfy his or her needs for creativity,autonomy,and relatedness,the person's job provides _____ rewards.

A)extrinsic career
B)role-centric
C)intrinsic career
D)work-centric

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The career path in which people settle into their permanent professions when they are young,and stay until they retire,is known as a(n)_____ career path.

A)exploratory
B)boundaryless
C)flexible
D)traditional stable

Question 5

Liqin has a strong commitment to his wife of 20 years.Liqin MOST likely has all of the following qualities EXCEPT:

A)the ability to forgive.
B)the willingness to sacrifice for his spouse.
C)a commitment to his partner's inner growth.
D)a tendency to take negative comments personally.

Question 6

Kathryn and James know each other quite well after having dated for two years.They both feel passionately towards each other,but they are not yet ready to commit to marriage.Robert Sternberg would describe this couple as experiencing _____ love.

A)fatuous
B)compassionate
C)romantic
D)companionate

Question 7

Elke and Geoffrey are new parents.If they are like MOST couples,their marital happiness _____ after this life change.

A)will stay the same
B)will increase
C)will decrease
D)cannot be accurately predicted

Question 8

Feliciana's co-worker just quit and her boss is "spreading out" all of the responsibilities of the lost position to those who are still at the company.Feliciana already is swamped with her own case loads.She fears that these new demands and requirements are going to cause her to experience role:

A)reversal.
B)conflict.
C)overload.
D)makeshift.

Question 9

Marcia is a 72-year-old woman who actively chose not to have a child.According to the text,Marcia is MOST likely to report _____ people her age who are parents.

A)being just as happy as
B)being less happy than
C)being happier than
D)more daily hassles than

Question 10

Jeffrey changes jobs about every four years.Jeffrey has a _____ career path.

A)homogeneous
B)undifferentiated
C)traditional
D)boundaryless

Question 11

Married women in the United States are more likely than men to do all of the following EXCEPT to:

A)leave the workforce periodically or cut down on work hours when they have children.
B)see their work as secondary to the needs of their spouse.
C)decrease their work hours when their spouse works more than full time.
D)express the belief that their career is more important than their spouse's career.

Question 12

Work that is motivated by reinforcers,such as prestige or a high salary,is performed for _____ rewards.

A)extrinsic career
B)role-centric
C)work-centric
D)intrinsic career

Question 13

According to the text,to rekindle romance in a relationship,a couple should:

A)avoid stimulating activities and focus their attention on their relationship.
B)engage in stimulating activities that they both enjoy.
C)become more involved with their children.
D)spend more time with other people to reduce the monotony of their relationship.

Question 14

According to the text,factors that influence a man's hands-on fatherhood activities include all of the following EXCEPT the:

A)extent to which the man accepts traditional views of women's and men's roles.
B)ways in which the man was treated as a child.
C)wife's expectations and behaviors.
D)non-childcare demands of each spouse.

Question 15

Jason is a real "people person," and hates to work alone.According to John Holland,Jason needs to:

A)match his career to his social personality.
B)find a job where he receives a high salary.
C)find a career that offers autonomy.
D)find a traditional and stable career path.

Question 16

The separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs and career paths is called:

A)occupational bias.
B)the glass ceiling.
C)occupational segregation.
D)gender bias.

Question 17

Despite feeling ecstatic about the birth of her newborn son,Gracie says that her day-to-day happiness is at an all-time low.According to the text,Gracie's experience is:

A)normal.
B)abnormal.
C)dissimilar to other new mothers.
D)a mental illness.

Question 18

In general,almost all cultures portray motherhood as:

A)blissful and unrealistically positive.
B)realistic.
C)overly negative.
D)intensely stressful.

Question 19

Your best friend has been laid off from work.According to the text,you should tell your friend:

A)"You need to look harder to find a new job."
B)"Think to yourself,'What did I do wrong to cause this event?'"
C)"You will be much happier now that you can get unemployment benefits."
D)"You are an incredible hero to be coping with this stress."

Question 20

Parenthood tends to make couples less intimate and less romantic.In addition,parenthood tends to produce more traditional marital roles,which can:

A)decrease the number of conflicts that parents experience.
B)decrease the frequency of marital conflicts.
C)increase the intensity of all types of marital conflicts.
D)increase the frequency of conflicts related to marital equity.

Question 21

Long-married happy couples often have a companionate marriage in which they are best friends but passion has faded.

Question 22

Having children makes marriages closer.

Question 23

Fertility rates are rising throughout the developed world.

Question 24

Children in second marriages typically feel closer to their biological father no matter how long they have lived with a stepdad.

Question 25

Over the years,marital happiness declines and reaches its low point in old age.

Question 26

In today's society,when a child is misbehaving,people tend to blame the mother.

Question 27

Good mothers take tremendous pleasure in providing hands-on child care.

Question 28

The key to remaining happily,passionately married is to share mutually exciting activities with your mate.

Question 29

Giving advice to a partner shows you really care about your significant other's well-being.

Question 30

As of 2015,fathers typically spend just as much time providing child care as do mothers.

Question 31

Young people in the contemporary United States still see marriage for life as a primary adult goal.

Question 32

Sacrificing for a partner is tailor-made to produce anger and distress in a relationship.

Question 33

People who divorce usually feel much better after having taken that step.

Question 34

Today's mothers are spending more time teaching and playing with their children than mothers did in previous generations.

Question 35

In contemporary society,people give dads clear guidelines for how to behave.

Question 36

Work pressures can become a barrier to fathers' involvement with their children because many men in the United States see being a breadwinner as their main role.

Question 37

People with today's boundaryless careers have more job security than in the past.

Question 38

Throughout history,marriage based on love that lasts a lifetime has always been the human "ideal."

Question 39

Based on the study conducted in Sweden regarding family leave after the birth of a child,traditional family and work roles are:

A)declining.
B)rising.
C)becoming less conventional.
D)remaining the same.

Question 40

Arranged marriages are still the only option for young people in India.

Question 41

Which woman is LEAST likely to cohabit with a significant other?

A)Karam,who lives in India
B)Sally,a U.S.adult who lives under the poverty line
C)Destiny,a U.S.adult who wants to get her career in order before finding a spouse
D)Henka,who lives in Sweden

Question 42

Alyshia,age 30,has lived with two different partners since she entered her twenties.Alyshia's situation is _____ in the United States today.

A)more common
B)pathological
C)very rare
D)almost universal

Question 43

Today,society has no problem with women who out-earn their husbands.

Question 44

In which nation are young people most likely to have an arranged marriage?

A)Iran
B)India
C)South Korea
D)China

Question 45

In the 1950s,middle-class married couples in the United States typically had:

A)a good chance of getting divorced.
B)defined gender roles.
C)arranged marriages.
D)equal working lives.

Question 46

The only force that's important in career happiness is having a job that fits one's personality.

Question 47

Which marriage trend did NOT take place during the last third of the twentieth century?

A)Women and men worked and shared the housework equally.
B)Divorce was fine if spouses weren't in love.
C)Living together was an acceptable alternative to being married.
D)Having a close relationship was no longer important to a fulfilling life.

Question 48

When social scientists say that marriage has become "deinstitutionalized," they mean that people:

A)no longer want religious weddings.
B)consider marriage obsolete.
C)no longer see marriage as the only acceptable adult path.
D)dislike the institutional aspects of marriage.

Question 49

When did Western nations develop the idea that marriage should be based on love and last a lifetime?

A)the 1800s
B)the early twentieth century
C)the 1960s
D)since the Middle Ages

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a classic difference between traditional Middle Eastern and Western views of marriage?

A)Men in the Middle East are the boss in a marriage.
B)Couples in the Middle East are more likely to marry for love.
C)Males in the Middle East have all the power to initiate divorce.
D)Married women in the Middle East are expected to give up working.

Question 51

The most fundamental change in U.S.attitudes about family life is that people no longer feel:

A)they need to be married in order to have children.
B)getting married is important.
C)they should live together.
D)having children has much value.

Question 52

Before 1900,the following were true of marriage EXCEPT that these unions:

A)lasted only a decade or two because one person would die.
B)were based on practical concerns rather than love.
C)were often arranged by families.
D)had partners with shared,equal roles.

Question 53

Petra is arguing that contemporary Iran is becoming more Western in its marriage practices.As of 2015,which is NOT a statement she should make?

A)Iranian women can now initiate divorce proceedings.
B)Iranian women now go to college and may postpone marriage.
C)Divorce rates in Iran have accelerated.
D)Cohabitation is now widely accepted in Iran.

Question 54

New technologies have reduced people's overall workload and hours at work.

Question 55

People with full-time jobs are working longer hours today than in the past.

Question 56

As of 2015,women often have different occupations than men.

Question 57

Gilad is arguing that Indian marriage practices are becoming more modern.As of 2015,which is NOT an argument he can make about Indian marriages?

A)Young Indians today have veto power over their parent's marriage choices.
B)Many young Indians today run away and get engaged without their parent's consent.
C)Divorce in India is now socially acceptable.
D)Many more Indians accept the idea that young people should make their own marriage choices.

Question 58

Soldad is discussing transformations in family life during the past 40 years.Which is NOT a statement she should make?

A)"Now,it's far more acceptable to have babies without being married."
B)"Today,women and men work and share the childcare."
C)"Today,serial cohabitation is more common."
D)"Now,people in the United States no longer want to get married."

Question 59

In Sweden,gender-blind family-leave policies have totally erased male-female differences with regard to child care.

Question 60

Soria lives in Tehran,and Susan lives in New York City.Which is NOT a reasonable prediction to make about their futures?

A)Soria will have a more male-dominated relationship.
B)Susan will be more likely to keep working.
C)Soria will probably already have given birth.
D)Soria will probably be a virgin.

Question 61

Identify each specific triangular theory of love component: (1)Talia has a crush from afar on that handsome professor; (2)Ramon is Samantha's best friend,but the spark isn't there; (3)Sharon and her husband live totally separate lives,but they would never get a divorce.

A)(1)infatuation; (2)true love; (3)commitment alone
B)(1)passion; (2)intimacy; (3)commitment alone
C)(1)sex; (2)trust; (3)stability
D)(1)friendship; (2)trust; (3)unhappiness

Question 62

Which of the following accurately explains what the "U-shaped curve" refers to in the pathway known as the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction?

A)Marital happiness goes up and down in a curved form.
B)After the honeymoon,happiness steadily decreases,but then rises again at the empty nest.
C)Marriages aren't for everyone.
D)Marriage has curves and waves in passions and priorities.

Question 63

Based on Sternberg's triangular theory of love,who is MOST likely to have a companionate marriage?

A)Evner and Badia,who have been happily married for 50 years
B)Ashley and Leonid,who have little do with each other
C)Rosa and Ron,who got married a month ago
D)Hernando and Holly,who are contemplating divorce

Question 64

Which newlyweds are MOST likely to stay happily married over the next few years?

A)couples who are generally optimistic about life
B)people who think they married the perfect mate
C)couples who believe their relationship won't have flaws
D)partners who are sure that their marriage will improve over time

Question 65

Rosanna,age 65,describes her 40-year marriage to Rodolfo: "For the first few years,it was wonderful.We were so in love.Then,during the next decades,things became rocky until the kids left the house and we fell in love again." According to the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction,this marriage is:

A)typical.
B)unusual.
C)destined to get worse if Rosanna or her husband become ill.
D)prone to fall apart in the old-old years.

Question 66

Juanita and Juan visit a marriage counselor because they are contemplating divorce.Although the couple started out blissfully in love,they are not getting along well,especially since their children reached their teens.Based ONLY on the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction,what should the therapist advise?

A)"Hold off on divorcing.You are apt to reconnect with each other at the empty nest."
B)"If you are not happy now,you'll feel worse after the children leave."
C)"Expect to feel exactly the same way about each other after the children leave."
D)"There is no research that addresses this issue."

Question 67

Over time,marital happiness:

A)increases.
B)remains stable.
C)declines steeply,especially during the first few years.
D)randomly fluctuates.

Question 68

The MAIN reason why U.S.young people are less likely to marry relates to:

A)fewer decently paying jobs.
B)a culture of irresponsibility.
C)having been raised by single moms.
D)increased narcissism.

Question 69

A newlywed says,"I'm going to be passionately in love for decades,because I married the perfect man." Based on the research,which response is BEST?

A)"Watch out.Newlyweds who think they 'can't have problems' are set up for disenchantment."
B)"Great! People who enter marriage feeling so positive do have higher levels of happiness."
C)"Great! Because you are so motivated,you are well equipped to work problems out."
D)"Great! You probably did marry a very special man."

Question 70

Generalizing from the text,if the United States enters a recession,people can expect:

A)more cohabitation and fewer people getting married.
B)more marriages and far less cohabitation.
C)less cohabitation and more marriages.
D)no impact on either marriage or cohabitation.

Question 71

All things being equal,which married couple is likely to argue the LEAST?

A)a middle-aged couple
B)a couple with children in the house
C)an elderly couple
D)a couple in their thirties

Question 72

If you poll young people in the United States today,what comment are you MOST apt to hear?

A)"I plan to get married for life,but I want to make sure that I have my life (and career)together before I take that step."
B)"I don't plan to get married,because it's just a piece of paper and I'll do perfectly fine if I just live with my love."
C)"I expect to get married and divorced at least once,because that's what the statistics tell me."
D)"I plan to cohabit,but only to decide if I want to marry this person."

Question 73

All things being equal,who will feel LEAST upset when becoming ill and disabled?

A)a happily married older adult
B)a happily married middle-aged adult
C)any married middle-aged adult
D)any married elderly adult

Question 74

Dr.Sociology is discussing current marriage trends in the United States.Based on the research,what should she say?

A)"Today,people no longer care about getting married because divorce is so common and having children without being married is widespread."
B)"Today,people still care just as much about getting married,but before they take that step,they want to be financially (and emotionally)secure."
C)"Today,people think that marriage should be a piece of cake and believe that love conquers all."
D)"Today,everyone lives together before they marry."

Question 75

Based on Sternberg's triangular theory of love,who is MOST likely to have a consummate relationship?

A)Kalu and Lewa,who got married a few weeks ago
B)Carmen and Pierre,who are best friends,but who don't have sex
C)Alexis and Bras,who are having a passionate love affair
D)Isabel and Elonzo,who have managed to stay together for 40 years

Question 76

Young people in the contemporary United States:

A)still see marriage as an ideal,but are more cautious about achieving that goal.
B)no longer have the same commitment ethic as in "the good old days."
C)think that staying married will be a piece of cake if they are really in love.
D)expect to be married several times during life.

Question 77

Which statement would a low-income single mom MOST likely make?

A)"I'd ideally love to get married,but it's hard to find an acceptable man."
B)"I don't believe in getting married,because it's just a piece of paper."
C)"I want to get married but only after my children grow up."
D)"I'm doing fine right now,so,I don't care about getting married."

Question 78

Victoria and Victor have been married for six years.Statistically speaking,they are:

A)beyond the main divorce danger zone.
B)about to reach the main divorce danger zone.
C)unlikely to ever get divorced.
D)reaching their peak happiness years.

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a basic message of Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

A)Relationships naturally change over time.
B)People aren't as committed as in "the good old days."
C)Passion and intimacy decline as a couple becomes absorbed in outside demands such as work.
D)Couples are most likely to have passion,intimacy,and commitment at the beginning of their married lives.

Question 80

Pick the correct triangular theory of love terms for each marriage: (1)has it all-great sex,best friends,and are firmly committed; (2)best friends,happily married,but no longer sexual; (3)stays together out of habit,but has no emotional connection.

A)(1)romantic love; (2)companionate relationship; (3)commitment alone
B)(1)consummate relationship; (2)companionate relationship; (3)commitment alone
C)(1)romantic love; (2)empty marriage; (3)commitment alone
D)(1)consummate relationship; (2)friendly relationship; (3)empty relationship