Deck 15: Atypical Development

Question 1

Kate has an eating disorder and Jimmy suffers from anxiety. Both have

A) externalizing problems.
B) disturbances of conduct.
C) internalizing problems.
D) genetic disorders.
E) attention problems.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following are warning signs for psychopathology in children and teenagers EXCEPT

A) changes in grades.
B) changes in sleeping or eating patterns.
C) obsessive concern with weight loss.
D) depression that lasts six weeks.
E) outbursts of rage.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A focus on the environment as a cause of atypical development is characteristic of which theory?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) social cognition
D) ecological
E) learning

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Diagnosing ADHD is difficult because

A) many children are inattentive or overactive at least some of the time.
B) parents refuse to believe the teacher's observations.
C) there is no definitive diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
D) symptoms often lay dormant for months at a time.
E) children can control their hyperactive and inattentive behavior when necessary.

Question 5

Enduring patterns of behavior that are both unusual compared to others of a child's age and interfere with a child's development in some significant way are part of development that is

A) unusual.
B) mental.
C) physical.
D) slow.
E) atypical.

Question 6

Research supports the hypothesis that psychopathology arises mostly as a result of

A) severe parental discipline.
B) accidental injury to the brain.
C) inborn vulnerabilities.
D) high stress environments.
E) parental neglect.

Question 7

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, in order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, onset must be before what age?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 1 year
D) 4 years
E) 7 years

Question 8

With respect to attention disorders, girls are more likely to exhibit symptoms of the __________________ type of ADHD.

A) disruptive.
B) aggressive.
C) inattentive.
D) passive.
E) hyperactive.

Question 9

Which of the following psychopathologies is categorized as an attention span problem?

A) ADHD
B) delinquency
C) defiance
D) depression
E) anxiety

Question 10

All of the following are implications of the developmental psychopathological approach EXCEPT

A) change is possible at any point.
B) later change is constrained by earlier adaptations.
C) maladaptive behavior may be reached by different pathways.
D) all behavioral change is genetically programmed.
E) history and roots of behavior vary.

Question 11

The developmental psychopathological approach emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT

A) normal and abnormal development emerging from the same processes.
B) normal and abnormal development being interrelated.
C) the pathways to deviant and normal behavior.
D) the same maladaptive behavior being reached by different pathways.
E) maladaptive behavior is rarely long-term.

Question 12

Connie defies her parents and her teachers; Zeke has been labeled a delinquent. They both have which type of problem?

A) attention
B) externalizing
C) internalizing
D) psychosomatic
E) neurotic

Question 13

When assessing atypical development, developmental psychologists refer to

A) average growth charts.
B) IQ scores.
C) normative age-graded changes that all children experience.
D) overprotective parenting patterns.
E) nutritional deficiency assessments.

Question 14

According to developmental psychopathologists, abnormal and normal development

A) are governed by distinctly different basic processes.
B) are unlikely to occur within the same family.
C) are determined solely by the quality of the child's first attachment.
D) emerge from the same basic processes.
E) are not related to each other.

Question 15

Developmental psychopathology integrates perspectives from all of the following disciplines EXCEPT

A) anthropology.
B) immunology.
C) geneology.
D) neurology.
E) sociology.

Question 16

Wallie's ADHD would be categorized as which type of problem?

A) internalizing
B) mood
C) externalizing
D) anxiety based
E) attention

Question 17

All of the following indicate inattention in a child EXCEPT

A) unable to complete a task.
B) consistent difficulty socializing with peers.
C) demonstrates difficulty following directions.
D) easily distracted by extraneous stimuli.
E) forgetful in daily activities.

Question 18

According to Russell Barkley, the underlying problem in ADHD is a deficit in the child's ability to

A) understand language.
B) read facial expressions.
C) understand social cues.
D) inhibit behavior.
E) moderate his or her mood.

Question 19

Which of the following psychopathologies is an internalizing problem?

A) ADHD
B) delinquency
C) defiance
D) excessive aggressiveness
E) eating disorders

Question 20

Usually we label a child's development atypical or deviant only if a problem is at the extreme end of the continuum for that behavior, or if it persists for ________ or longer.

A) two weeks
B) one month
C) three months
D) six months
E) one year

Question 21

A pattern of negative, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward parents and other authority figures, established prior to age 8 is a(n)

A) conduct disorder.
B) childhood-onset conduct disorder.
C) adolescent-onset conduct disorder.
D) oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).
E) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 22

All of the following present evidence that ADHD has a biological component EXCEPT

A) the behavioral pattern begins very early and has a very strong physical component.
B) biological treatment, i.e. stimulant medication, is very often effective.
C) if one identical twin is diagnosed as hyperactive, the other is likely to have the same diagnosis.
D) teachers often report that children first model ADHD behaviors they witness in other children prior to diagnosis.
E) brain imaging scans show subtle differences in brain structure and function between individuals with ADHD and those without.

Question 23

What percent of parents of hyperactive children themselves have a history of hyperactivity?

A) 15
B) 25
C) 35
D) 50
E) 60

Question 24

What percent of children diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S. are treated with methylphenidate?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50
E) 60

Question 25

Freddy, who is three years old, defies his parents and steals from his parents. He probably has

A) an emotional disorder.
B) childhood-onset conduct disorder.
C) an attention deficit disorder.
D) childhood schizophrenia.
E) passive-aggressive disorder.

Question 26

Approximately ______ percent of children with ADHD respond to treatment with stimulant drugs.

A) 10 to 20
B) 33 to 50
C) 50 to 75
D) 70 to 90
E) 80 to 95

Question 27

Terrell has ADHD. He is most likely to be given which type of medication?

A) stimulant
B) depressant
C) sedative
D) antipsychotic
E) antianxiety

Question 28

Hyperactive children who have been treated with drugs such as Ritalin most often show increased

A) attentiveness in the classroom.
B) demanding, disruptive, and noncompliant behaviors.
C) distracted and irritable behavior.
D) drowsiness.
E) noncompliant behaviors.

Question 29

Lower IQ scores are associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A) persistent delinquency.
B) early-onset conduct disorder.
C) violent forms of offenses.
D) anorexia and bulimia.
E) school failure.

Question 30

A pattern of behavior that includes high levels of aggression, argumentativeness, bullying, disobedience, irritability, and threatening behavior is a(n)

A) conduct disorder.
B) ADHD.
C) attention disorder.
D) personality disorder.
E) psychosomatic disorder.

Question 31

Eating disorders are classified as

A) internalizing problems.
B) conduct problems.
C) externalizing disorders.
D) antisocial disorders.
E) attention problems.

Question 32

Bulimia involves all of the following elements EXCEPT

A) preoccupation with eating.
B) irresistible craving for food.
C) an intense fear of fatness.
D) extreme weight loss.
E) methods of purging.

Question 33

Monica is preoccupied with eating. She eats huge amounts of food, then purges by using laxatives. Monica suffers from

A) anorexia.
B) depression.
C) bulimia.
D) anxiety.
E) stress.

Question 34

MRI comparisons of ADHD and non-ADHD children suggest that the brains of ADHD children

A) have the same brain structure as non-ADHD children.
B) have a lower level of neurotransmitters.
C) have a larger visual cortex than non-ADHD children.
D) respond differently to emotion-provoking stimuli than non-ADHD children.
E) respond differently to parental rules and regulations than non-ADHD children.

Question 35

Recent evidence indicates that ADHD is

A) learned by age 3.
B) the result of a maladaptive environment.
C) neuropsychiatric disorders.
D) psychological disorders.
E) genetically determined.

Question 36

Delinquency is a term used to refer to

A) all forms of externalizing disorders.
B) all forms of internalizing disorders.
C) teenagers with conduct disorders.
D) intentional lawbreaking.
E) all forms of childhood-onset conduct disorders.

Question 37

ADHD and conduct disorder are often both diagnosed in the same child. The prevalence of ODD among children with ADHD ranges from

A) 70 to 85 percent.
B) 4 to 10 percent.
C) 45 to 70 percent.
D) 9 to 12 percent.
E) 21 to 60 percent.

Question 38

Will has developed a conduct disorder. It is most likely that his parents were

A) authoritarian.
B) authoritative.
C) permissive.
D) neglecting.
E) rejecting.

Question 39

Keith has been diagnosed as having a conduct disorder. This diagnosis was based on Keith's display of all of the following EXCEPT

A) extreme withdrawal.
B) high levels of aggression.
C) bullying.
D) disobedience.
E) argumentativeness.

Question 40

Kris has adolescent-onset conduct disorder. Which of the following is most likely to have caused this disorder?

A) genetic programing
B) hanging out with bad companions
C) ADHD
D) brain damage
E) authoritarian parents

Question 41

Dorothea went to her doctor complaining of stomach irritation and hair loss. Her doctor also noted that she is dehydrated and has tooth decay and lowered body temperature. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) bulimia
B) anorexia
C) cancer
D) severe infection
E) conduct disorder

Question 42

In order to be diagnosed as bulimic, a person has to indulge in binging and purging at least

A) every day.
B) once a week.
C) twice a week.
D) once a month.
E) twice a month.

Question 43

Which of the following children is most likely to become depressed?

A) Adeline, whose father is receiving medical treatment for his depression
B) Matt, whose family's only problem is his mother's depression
C) Lily, whose family is receiving counseling to cope with her mother's depression
D) Charlie, whose father has been depressed for two years and has lost his job
E) Rose, whose parents are divorced

Question 44

Of the following, which is the most promising explanation for eating disorders?

A) brain dysfunction
B) negative body images
C) fear of growing up
D) childhood sexual abuse
E) parents' relationship

Question 45

Depression is a(n) ____________________ disorder, whereas ADHD is a(n) __________________ disorder.

A) behavior; mood.
B) diagnostic; physical.
C) emotional; behavior.
D) subjective; pathological.
E) behavior; emotional.

Question 46

What percent of anorexics starve themselves to death?

A) 4 to 8
B) 7 to 12
C) 10 to 14
D) 15 to 20
E) 22 to 25

Question 47

During the preadolescent years, prior to age 13, girls are _______ as likely as boys to report high or chronic levels of depression.

A) five times
B) not as
C) just as
D) three times
E) twice

Question 48

Which of the following is true of bulimics?

A) They feel that they are too thin.
B) They are afraid their food is poisoned.
C) They believe their behavior is normal.
D) They experience significant depression.
E) They use extreme dieting.

Question 49

What percent of adolescent girls and young adult women show the full symptoms of bulimia?

A) 13
B) 10
C) 8
D) 5
E) 3

Question 50

Surveys suggest that ______ percent of high school students in the United States have thought seriously about committing suicide, and ______ percent have actually attempted it.

A) 15; 12
B) 15; 7
C) 15; 3
D) 12; 7
E) 12; 3

Question 51

Doctors treating eating disorders have found that treatment

A) is more difficult for anorexia.
B) leads to relapse more often in bulimia.
C) should involve sedation and behavior therapy.
D) should involve antidepressant medication.
E) relies heavily on tranquilizers.

Question 52

Patrice had been anorexic as a teen but is now recovered. She is most likely to have

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) depression.
E) a conduct disorder.

Question 53

Which of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa?

A) binge eating
B) intense pride
C) purging with laxatives
D) obsessive exercise
E) irresistible craving for food

Question 54

Mildred has been feeling depressed for the last eight months and has difficulty sleeping and concentrating. Her problem is

A) insomnia.
B) clinical depression.
C) conduct disorder.
D) attention deficit disorder.
E) anorexia.

Question 55

Which of the following girls is MOST likely to become bulimic?

A) Maria, who wants to be a teacher
B) Misty, who is training to be a gymnast
C) Sally, who is in medical school
D) Tara, who wants to be a veterinarian
E) Jenny, who is a champion bowler

Question 56

A longitudinal study of young women who had been anorexic in adolescence but had recovered from their eating disorders found that these women were more likely to suffer from

A) depression.
B) schizophrenia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.
E) attention problems.

Question 57

Beginning at age 13 to 15, girls are ________ as likely to report high or chronic levels of depression as boys.

A) half
B) equally
C) twice
D) three times
E) four times

Question 58

To be labeled as clinical depression, a depressed mood must last for how long?

A) six weeks
B) two months
C) three months
D) four months
E) six months

Question 59

The likelihood of completed suicide among adolescent boys is ________ as high as among adolescent girls.

A) twice
B) one-third
C) five times
D) half
E) three times

Question 60

Eating disorders are more common among girls than boys, but another group at higher risk is

A) African-American youth
B) gay and lesbian youth
C) elementary school children
D) Hispanic American youth
E) preschool children

Question 61

The child at highest risk for social or emotional problems is

A) Barbara, who has an IQ of 80.
B) Jonathan, who has an IQ of 100.
C) Robert, who has an IQ of 130.
D) Jill, who has an IQ of 150.
E) Terrell, who has an IQ of 190.

Question 62

Ricardo is considered to be severely retarded. Therefore, he has an IQ in the range of

A) 70-90.
B) 55-70.
C) 40-55.
D) 25-40.
E) 0-25.

Question 63

Robinson suggests labeling children with high IQs (130 to 150), but without extraordinary ability in any one area, as

A) intelligent.
B) gifted.
C) garden-variety gifted.
D) bright.
E) superior.

Question 64

What percent of children in the United States has some type of pervasive developmental disorder?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 10
D) 25
E) 50

Question 65

Ninety percent of children with IQs below 70 are in which range of mental retardation?

A) borderline
B) mild
C) moderate
D) severe
E) profound

Question 66

Which child would most likely be labeled "learning disabled"?

A) Bob cannot seem to read or write, but his IQ is average.
B) Wendy cannot seem to read or write, and her IQ is well below average.
C) Brandon does relatively well in school, but he has some serious emotional problems.
D) Justin does well in math and other subjects, but his IQ is low average.
E) Lucille has poor social skills and a low average IQ.

Question 67

Lark has an IQ of 145 with no extraordinary ability in any one area. Robinson would label him as

A) highly gifted.
B) average.
C) extremely bright.
D) garden-variety gifted.
E) superior.

Question 68

fMRI diagnosis has indicated that the cause of learning disabilities may be

A) differences in brain activation patterns.
B) Down syndrome.
C) familial-cultural.
D) PKU.
E) deprived environments.

Question 69

Besides high IQs, the gifted in Terman's study were

A) healthier.
B) taller.
C) not interested in sports.
D) not successful in later life.
E) emotionally disabled.

Question 70

Who conducted a longitudinal study of 1,500 gifted children and found them to be successful in later life?

A) Heber
B) Goodenough
C) Terman
D) Rutter
E) Robinson

Question 71

Children with mental retardation are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A) slower thinking and reactions.
B) a need for repeated instruction.
C) a tendency to generalize from one task to another.
D) a lack of executive functions.
E) difficulty with abstract reasoning.

Question 72

Suicide attempts among adolescent girls are estimated to be about ________ among adolescent boys.

A) as common as
B) half as common as
C) three times more common than
D) as much as twenty times more common than
E) one third less common

Question 73

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about our current knowledge of the causes of learning disabilities?

A) Minimal brain damage can be established with standard neurological tests in virtually all cases.
B) The learning disabled child fails to utilize the left hemisphere of the brain in a normal way.
C) The primary cause lies in inadequate intellectual stimulation in the homes of learning disabled children.
D) Learning disability is caused by emotional problems.
E) We have not yet established the cause of all forms of learning disability.

Question 74

The profoundly gifted tend to

A) be extroverted.
B) be popular with classmates.
C) be socially solitary and fiercely nonconforming.
D) be viewed as normal by their peers.
E) be overconforming.

Question 75

Wesley is mentally retarded. His parents can expect that he will be

A) able to think abstractly.
B) in need of repeated instruction.
C) able to generalize what he has learned.
D) likely to react the same as normal children.
E) physically smaller than the norm.

Question 76

Which of the following causes of mental retardation is a genetic anomaly?

A) syphilis
B) rubella
C) cytomegalovirus
D) Down syndrome
E) teratogens

Question 77

Autistic disorder and Asperger's disorder are the two most frequently diagnosed

A) forms of mental retardation.
B) attention problems.
C) forms of depression.
D) learning disabilities.
E) pervasive developmental disorders.

Question 78

Two criteria are usually used in deciding whether a given child is functioning at a mentally retarded level. The first is IQ and the second is

A) level of adaptive behavior.
B) achievement test scores.
C) expressive language ability.
D) socioeconomic status.
E) perceptual skills.

Question 79

Which group of youth has the highest suicide rate?

A) African Americans
B) Caucasian Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Native Americans
E) Asian Americans

Question 80

Robbie has an IQ of 65. He would be classified as

A) acutely retarded.
B) mildly retarded.
C) moderately retarded.
D) severely retarded.
E) profoundly retarded.