Deck 4: Longevity,health,and Functioning

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of cell within the immune system?

A) cell-mediated immunity
B) humoral immunity
C) accidental immunity
D) nonspecific immunity

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The degree to which an individual is attached to his or her present life is known as

A) valuation of life.
B) quality of life.
C) active life expectancy.
D) optimal life style.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ethnic differences in average longevity is true?

A) Older ethnic individuals have a shorter life expectancy than European Americans.
B) Older ethnic individuals have a longer life expectancy than European Americans.
C) At birth,ethnic individuals have a longer life expectancy than European Americans.
D) At birth,ethnic individuals have an unknown life expectancy.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is not an example of environmental factors in longevity?

A) getting married
B) smoking cigarettes
C) obtaining medical care
D) longevity of relatives

Question 5

Women have a_____year advantage over men in longevity.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10

Question 6

Which of the following statements about gender differences in average longevity is false?

A) Men are more susceptible to infectious illnesses.
B) Male babies are more likely to die prematurely.
C) Men are more susceptible to genetic defects.
D) Men are at greater risk for contracting fatal diseases.

Question 7

Changes in_____increase the older adult's vulnerability to infection,viruses,and certain types of arthritis.

A) neurons
B) the autonomic nervous system
C) quality of life
D) the immune system

Question 8

Which of the following statements about gender differences in average longevity is true?

A) Men tend to live longer than women.
B) Women tend to live longer than men.
C) Men and women have the same average longevity.
D) Women only outlive men in developing countries.

Question 9

The study of the relations between psychological,neurological,and immunological systems is known as

A) autoimmunity.
B) psychoneuroimmunology.
C) autolymphomosis.
D) anti-immunity.

Question 10

The absence of acute and chronic physical or mental disease and impairments is known as

A) health.
B) illness.
C) superior immunity.
D) self-rated health.

Question 11

ends when one loses independence or must rely on others for activities of daily living

A) Maximum life expectancy
B) Average life expectancy
C) Active life expectancy
D) Passive life expectancy

Question 12

Which of the following is a type of lymphocyte that is our primary defense against cancer and provides help in fighting viral and parasitic infections?

A) t-lymphocytes
B) b-lymphocytes
C) polymorphonuclear leukocytes
D) natural killer cells

Question 13

The age at which half of the individuals who are born in a particular year will have died is called

A) maximum longevity.
B) average longevity.
C) intrinsic longevity.
D) extrinsic longevity.

Question 14

The process by which the body attacks itself is called

A) the autoantibodic process.
B) autolymphomosis.
C) the reverse immunity syndrome.
D) autoimmunity.

Question 15

The best indicator of how long you will live is

A) how balanced your diet is and whether you exercise regularly.
B) not smoking cigarettes and not drinking.
C) the longevity of the people in your neighborhood.
D) the longevity of relatives.

Question 16

When confronted by an invader,an_____is produced to protect the body from future invasions.

A) autoantibody
B) autoimmunity
C) antibody
D) anti-immunity

Question 17

The presence of acute and chronic physical or mental disease and impairments is known as

A) health.
B) illness.
C) superior immunity.
D) self-rated health.

Question 18

For a number of reasons,including changes in the immune system,older adults have a greater risk of contracting

A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) lymphoma.
C) autolymphomosis.
D) HIV.

Question 19

The oldest age to which any individual of a species lives is called

A) maximum longevity.
B) average longevity.
C) intrinsic longevity.
D) extrinsic longevity.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a genetic factor that affects average longevity?

A) getting married
B) smoking cigarettes
C) obtaining medical care
D) longevity of relatives

Question 21

Diseases that develop slowly,last a long time,and are relatively difficult to treat are

A) chronic diseases.
B) acute diseases.
C) demented diseases.
D) mental diseases.

Question 22

Diseases with a rapid onset that last a relatively short time are

A) chronic diseases.
B) acute diseases.
C) demented diseases.
D) mental diseases.

Question 23

The most common chronic disease affecting the people over the age of 65 is

A) arthritis.
B) diabetes.
C) cancer.
D) atherosclerosis.

Question 24

Chronic stress has been shown to have serious effects on the immune system,including

A) increased risk for viral infections.
B) increased risk for atherosclerosis.
C) increased risk for hypertension.
D) all of these.

Question 25

Prolonged stress can cause damage to the sympathetic nervous system along with

A) increases in cardiovascular disease.
B) impaired immune system functioning.
C) increases in some forms of cancer.
D) all of these.

Question 26

Deciding whether a particular event is irrelevant,benign,positive,or stressful is what occurs during

A) primary appraisal.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) coping.
D) adaptation.

Question 27

Viewing stress as the interaction between person and an event is known as

A) psychoanalytical theory.
B) person-event paradigm.
C) interactional stress theory.
D) stress and coping paradigm.

Question 28

When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin,_____results.

A) hypertension
B) diabetes mellitus
C) heart disease
D) diabetic retinopathy

Question 29

After doing poorly on an exam,you ask yourself,"What can I do to improve my performance next time?" This is an example of a

A) primary appraisal.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) tertiary appraisal.
D) reappraisal.

Question 30

When you decide to tackle a problem head on,you are using

A) emotion-focused coping.
B) problem-focused coping.
C) tertiary coping.
D) primary coping.

Question 31

All of the following are chronic conditions except

A) arthritis.
B) diabetes.
C) cancer.
D) hypertension.

Question 32

According to Lazarus and Folkman,arguing that "I don't have to worry about plane crashes because I never fly" is an example of

A) primary appraisal.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) tertiary appraisal.
D) coping.

Question 33

The common cold,influenza,and food poisoning are examples of

A) simple diseases.
B) immune system diseases.
C) acute diseases.
D) chronic diseases.

Question 34

You wake up with the flu one morning,the day after you did poorly on a biology exam and the day you have a big psychology exam.You look at your roommate and scream in frustration and then vent all your pent-up anger.According to the stress and coping paradigm this is an example of

A) primary appraisal.
B) reappraisal.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 35

As we get older,our chances of contracting_____go down,while our chances of contracting_____go up.

A) acute diseases; chronic diseases
B) chronic diseases; acute diseases
C) chronic diseases; auto-immune diseases
D) cancer; chronic diseases

Question 36

When a person makes a new primary or secondary appraisal resulting from a change in the situation,they are making a

A) primary appraisal.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) tertiary appraisal.
D) reappraisal.

Question 37

Arthritis is an example of a(n)

A) chronic disease.
B) acute disease.
C) lymphoma.
D) simple disease.

Question 38

Evaluating one's ability to control and cope with harm,threat,or challenge is what occurs during

A) primary appraisal.
B) secondary appraisal.
C) coping.
D) adaptation.

Question 39

After asking yourself,"What can I do to improve my performance on my next exam?" you decide you should read the chapter before lecture,so you can pay more attention in class.This is an example of

A) primary appraisal.
B) reappraisal.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 40

A secondary appraisal involves

A) making a new primary appraisal.
B) evaluating one's ability to cope.
C) reassessing an event as benign,positive,or irrelevant.
D) making a secondary appraisal of an event.

Question 41

The condition of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling older adults is only about 20%,but for those living in nursing homes the number rises to

A) 35%.
B) 50%.
C) 70%.
D) 90%.

Question 42

The risk of getting cancer

A) decreases somewhat with age.
B) increases markedly with age.
C) does not change with age.
D) is unknown.

Question 43

The American Cancer Society recommends health counseling and cancer checkups for all males and females between 20 and 40 years old

A) as frequently as their insurance will cover it.
B) every 3 years.
C) every year.
D) every 1-2 years.

Question 44

Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of skin cancer?

A) exercise and a low-fat diet
B) exposure to the UV rays of the sun
C) having dark-colored skin
D) low levels of sex hormones

Question 45

Which of the following forms of cancer is thought to have a genetic link?

A) breast
B) spinal
C) stomach
D) lung

Question 46

Every year 1,350,000 people are diagnosed and 565,000 die from_____,the second leading cause of death in the United States.

A) cardiovascular disease
B) cancer
C) strokes
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 47

The condition of urinary incontinence in older adults

A) is found in over 90% of the population.
B) can often be treated through behavioral methods.
C) is the result of an increase in stress.
D) can be treated successfully with growth hormone.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) Pain is a common complaint among older adults.
B) Pain is a normal part of aging.
C) Pain can be controlled.
D) Chronic diseases are often accompanied by pain.

Question 49

The most common form of cancer for men is_____and for women is_____.

A) colon; breast
B) lung; breast
C) prostate; breast
D) lung; colon

Question 50

Compared to younger adults,older adults' metabolism of medication

A) takes more time.
B) takes less time.
C) takes the same amount of time.
D) requires more medication to achieve the same levels in the blood stream.

Question 51

A defect in metabolizing glucose is responsible for the disease known as

A) hypertension.
B) diabetes.
C) heart disease.
D) osteoarthritis.

Question 52

The time needed for medication to make it into the blood stream is called

A) absorption.
B) distribution.
C) metabolism.
D) excretion.

Question 53

John frequently feels the urge to urinate and sometimes does not make it to the restroom in time.Because of this,he does not like to be far from a restroom.As a result John has stopped playing golf and is spending more time at home.John probably has

A) incontinence.
B) impotence.
C) a small bladder
D) endoprostate.

Question 54

People over the age of 65 take nearly_____of all prescribed and over-the-counter medications in the United States.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Question 55

Prevention and treatment of diabetes among older adults involves

A) increasing the intake of sugars.
B) reducing involvement in exercise.
C) monitoring diet and increasing exercise.
D) increasing intake of red wine.

Question 56

Due to physiological changes,older adults are at risk for all of the following except

A) increased side effects from medication.
B) increased risk of toxic effects from medication.
C) slower absorption of medication.
D) faster excretion of medication.

Question 57

is the most common complaint of older adults.

A) Pain
B) Depression
C) Trouble sleeping
D) Decreased mobility

Question 58

The American Cancer Society recommends a baseline mammogram for women

A) 30 years and older.
B) 40 years and older
C) 50 years and older
D) there is no set recommendation.

Question 59

Mrs.Granich takes 7 medications for a variety of problems.Most of these medications must be taken every day and at specified times during the day.Trying to remember all this makes it hard for Mrs.Granich to take her medication correctly.She could increase her medication compliance by

A) only seeing her favorite doctor.
B) using a pill organizer.
C) self-medicating.
D) reducing the medications she takes.

Question 60

Older adults are more likely to engage in_____,the taking of multiple medications,than younger adults.

A) multiple pharmacy
B) polypharmacy
C) self-medication
D) multiple medication

Question 61

Robert is having problems with bathing and feeding himself since his stroke.These problems are known as

A) functional activities of daily living.
B) instrumental activities of daily living.
C) activities of daily living.
D) disabilities of daily living.

Question 62

Mrs.Smythe became first disabled when she was quite elderly,at 88 years of age,and then died 2 years later.This example illustrates

A) comorbidity.
B) compression of morbidity.
C) average longevity.
D) frail older adults.

Question 63

The self-care tasks of eating,bathing,dressing,and walking are termed

A) functional activities of daily living.
B) instrumental activities of daily living.
C) activities of daily living.
D) disabilities of daily living.

Question 64

Sixty-five-year-old Maggie has joined an exercise program and is trying to keep a positive outlook since her diagnosis of arthritis.These activities are examples of

A) risk factors.
B) personal factors.
C) extraindividual factors.
D) intraindividual factors.

Question 65

The____________________paradigm views stress in terms of an interaction between a thinking person and the environment.

Question 66

Bess is having problems keeping track of her bills and checking account.These problems are known as

A) functional activities of daily living.
B) instrumental activities of daily living.
C) activities of daily living.
D) disabilities of daily living.

Question 67

____________________is the length of time it takes for half of all individuals born in a certain year to die.

Question 68

The incidence rate of____________________disease decreases with age,while the incidence rate of____________________disease increases with age.

Question 69

The successful use of selection,optimization,and compensation to manage one's life is known as____________________.

Question 70

The pathology component of the main pathway of disability consists of

A) diagnosis of disease.
B) dysfunctions and structural abnormalities.
C) restrictions in basis physical and mental actions.
D) difficulty performing daily tasks.

Question 71

An example of an extraindividual intervention is

A) beginning an exercise program.
B) keeping a positive outlook.
C) taking advantage of transportation programs to increase mobility.
D) surgery.

Question 72

Conditions that develop over a short time period and cause a rapid change in health are known as____________________.

Question 73

When the body begins to attack itself,the condition of____________________occurs.

Question 74

A longitudinal study by Strawbridge and colleagues (1998)found that poorly perceived health,smoking,heaving drinking,and _____ predicted who would become disabled.

A) depression
B) social islolation
C) physical inactivity
D) all of these

Question 75

Having difficulty in completing daily activities of living due to a chronic condition is known as

A) a long-term illness.
B) medical pathology.
C) a disability.
D) psychoneuroimmunology.

Question 76

The absence of acute and chronic physical or mental health impairments or disease is known as____________________,while the presence of these factors is known as____________________.

Question 77

Which of the following are not part of the disablement process proposed by Verbrugge and Jette (1994)?

A) risk factors
B) personal factors
C) extraindividual factors
D) intraindividual factors

Question 78

Activities which require some intellectual competence and planning,such as paying bills and taking medications appropriately,are called

A) functional activities of daily living.
B) instrumental activities of daily living.
C) activities of daily living.
D) disabilities of daily living.

Question 79

Factors that make the situation worse than it originally was are called

A) exacerbators.
B) disability.
C) fate.
D) impairment.

Question 80

are long-standing behaviors that increase one's chances of a disability.

A) Risk factors
B) Personal factors
C) Extraindividual factors
D) Intraindividual factors