Deck 4: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of plastids?

A)storing photosynthetic products
B)storing pigments
C)carrying out photosynthesis
D)extracting energy from food and converting it to ATP

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains all of the following EXCEPT:

A)water.
B)dissolved nutrients.
C)organelles.
D)enzymes.
E)chromosomes.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Plastids are found in ________ cells.

A)bacterial
B)plant
C)animal
D)fungal

Answer 3

B

Question 4

All cells possess all of the following components EXCEPT:

A)cytoplasm.
B)genetic material.
C)a nuclear membrane.
D)a plasma cell membrane.
E)ribosomes.

Question 5

Of the following cell components, which is composed primarily of protein?

A)cytoskeleton
B)DNA
C)chromatin
D)mitochondria
E)Golgi complex

Question 6

Membrane proteins are synthesized on ribosomes that are found:

A)on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
B)on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C)on the Golgi apparatus.
D)in the cytoplasm.
E)in the nucleus.

Question 7

What is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell?

A)a plasma membrane
B)a nuclear membrane
C)ribosomes
D)enzymes
E)DNA

Question 8

Which type of microscope has the best resolution?

A)a modern light microscope
B)an electron microscope
C)Leeuwenhoek's microscope
D)Hooke's microscope

Question 9

Which of the following is the smallest?

A)eukaryotic cell
B)prokaryotic cell
C)mitochondrion
D)virus

Question 10

What primarily determines the shape of animal cells, which lack cell walls?

A)nucleus
B)cytoplasm
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)cytoskeleton
E)ribosomes

Question 11

All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT:

A)storage of food molecules.
B)assistance during cell division.
C)movement of organelles.
D)maintenance of shape.
E)maintenance of organization in the cell.

Question 12

All of the following are components of the modern cell theory EXCEPT:

A)All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
B)The smallest living organisms are single cells.
C)All cells arise from preexisting cells.
D)Bacterial cells are eukaryotic.
E)Cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms.

Question 13

Flagellated cells can:

A)move internal organelles more efficiently than nonflagellated cells.
B)attach to surfaces more effectively because of the flagella.
C)move the cell through fluid.
D)divide more quickly than nonflagellated cells.

Question 14

Which of the following statements does NOT agree with the cell theory?

A)Insects are composed of cells.
B)Paramecium comes from Paramecium.
C)Bacteria are the smallest possible organisms.
D)Minerals in the diet are important for good health.
E)Spontaneous generation cannot occur.

Question 15

Phospholipids are:

A)found in cell membranes.
B)completely hydrophilic.
C)completely hydrophobic.
D)made on the ribosomes.

Question 16

Of the objects listed, which is the smallest that you can see with the unaided eye?

A)DNA molecule
B)frog embryo
C)virus
D)ribosomes
E)human skin cell

Question 17

Which of the following is visible ONLY with an electron microscope?

A)eukaryotic cell
B)prokaryotic cell
C)mitochondrion
D)large protein

Question 18

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)is an example of a(n):

A)organelle.
B)polysaccharide.
C)glycoprotein.
D)phospholipid.

Question 19

The phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane have ________ heads and ________ tails.

A)cytoplasmic; phagocytic
B)hydrophobic; hydrophilic
C)hydrophilic; hydrophobic
D)prokaryotic; eukaryotic
E)eukaryotic; prokaryotic

Question 20

A mutant plant cell with no chloroplasts would:

A)nonetheless be green.
B)still be able to use carbohydrates as an energy source.
C)still be able to capture energy as sunlight.
D)synthesize new chloroplasts in the ER.

Question 21

What is the difference between "free" and "attached" ribosomes?

A)Free ribosomes occur in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)Free ribosomes produce proteins, whereas attached ribosomes produce carbohydrates.
C)Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, while attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
D)Free ribosomes are readily "used up" by the cell and are replaced frequently, whereas attached ribosomes remain functional for the lifetime of the cell.

Question 22

Which of the following is associated with rough ER?

A)chlorophyll
B)ribosomes
C)lipid synthesis
D)plasma membrane
E)DNA

Question 23

A cell with a large number of lysosomes would most likely be very active in:

A)lipid synthesis.
B)cell division.
C)movement.
D)phagocytosis.

Question 24

Which of the following "buds off" of the Golgi complex?

A)nuclei
B)cytoskeleton
C)ribosomes
D)cells
E)vesicles

Question 25

A nucleolus is:

A)an extra nucleus in the cell.
B)an area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
C)an area where the nucleus is synthesized.
D)a membrane-bound organelle.
E)the area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated.

Question 26

The Golgi apparatus packages materials into ________ for transport or export.

A)organelles
B)plastids
C)vesicles
D)vacuoles
E)nucleoli

Question 27

How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?

A)The organelles are engulfed by plastids and stored.
B)Defective organelles accumulate until the cell itself dies.
C)Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.
D)Ribosomes remove malfunctioning organelles by degrading the parts.
E)The organelles are exported by phagocytosis.

Question 28

Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell.

A)RNA → DNA → protein
B)DNA → RNA → protein
C)ER → DNA → RNA → protein
D)ER → DNA → Golgi → protein

Question 29

Which statement most accurately describes the interactions among ER, ribosomes, and Golgi bodies in exporting protein from the cell?

A)Golgi bodies manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER to be packaged by the ribosomes for export.
B)ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by ribosomes to the Golgi bodies for export.
C)ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by the Golgi bodies to the ribosomes for export.
D)Ribosomes manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER and are packaged by the Golgi bodies for export.
E)Ribosomes make proteins that travel through the Golgi bodies to the ER, which exports them.

Question 30

If a cell contains large amounts of rough ER, then:

A)few, if any, enzymes for biochemical processes are manufactured by that cell.
B)membrane proteins and phospholipids are lacking in the cell.
C)digestive enzymes cannot be manufactured by that cell.
D)membrane lipids could be produced by that cell.
E)large amounts of protein hormones could be exported by the cell.

Question 31

Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of:

A)cytoplasmic ribosomes.
B)smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C)plasma membranes.
D)enzymes.
E)DNA.

Question 32

What is the function of a plant cell vacuole?

A)stores water
B)initiates division of the cell
C)excretes wastes
D)packages proteins for export

Question 33

Which organelle is most abundant in cardiac muscle cells?

A)mitochondria
B)lysosomes
C)Golgi complexes
D)smooth ER
E)plastids

Question 34

If all of the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what could occur?

A)The biological molecules in the cell would begin to degrade.
B)The number of proteins in the cell would begin to increase.
C)The DNA within the mitochondria would begin to degrade.
D)The mitochondria and chloroplasts would begin to divide.
E)There would be no change in the normal function of the cell.

Question 35

Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of:

A)DNA.
B)RNA.
C)proteins.
D)nucleoli.
E)glucose.

Question 36

Researchers have been able to study the pathway of a secreted protein by "tagging" it with a fluorescent marker. Using this method, you would observe fluorescence moving from the ER to which organelle?

A)nuclear membrane
B)lysosome
C)plasma membrane
D)mitochondria
E)Golgi apparatus

Question 37

Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed of primarily:

A)nucleic acids.
B)polysaccharides.
C)lipids.
D)ER.
E)proteins.

Question 38

Which cellular organelle packages enzymes and forms lysosomes?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)smooth ER
C)mitochondrion
D)rough ER

Question 39

The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are characterized by:

A)a single-layered membrane.
B)one or more nucleoids.
C)a double membrane.
D)a nonporous membrane.

Question 40

Which of the following does NOT possess a double membrane?

A)mitochondrion
B)nuclear envelope
C)ribosome
D)plastid
E)chloroplast

Question 41

Aerobic metabolism occurs in the:

A)ribosome.
B)chloroplast.
C)mitochondrion.
D)cytoplasm.
E)nucleus.

Question 42

All of the following are dependent on cilia EXCEPT the:

A)oviduct in mammals.
B)respiratory tract of vertebrates.
C)sperm of animals.
D)gills of oysters.

Question 43

A plant cell adapted for waste storage would probably contain a large number of:

A)mitochondria.
B)vacuoles.
C)ER.
D)nuclei.
E)ribosomes.

Question 44

Which of the following cell structures is not found in a bacterial cell?

A)DNA
B)cell wall
C)plasma membrane
D)ribosomes
E)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

Mitochondria and chloroplasts share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT that they:

A)are capable of ATP synthesis.
B)capture the energy of sunlight to meet metabolic demands.
C)possess their own DNA.
D)are surrounded by a double membrane.
E)were originally independent organisms.

Question 46

Which of the following is capable of converting light energy into chemical energy?

A)chloroplasts
B)mitochondria
C)vesicles
D)vacuoles
E)Golgi apparatus

Question 47

Which of the following relationships is FALSE?

A)cell wallsupport and protection
B)chloroplastschief site of lipid synthesis
C)nucleusgenetic information
D)ribosomessite of protein synthesis
E)mitochondriaformation of ATP

Question 48

Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A)Prokaryotes have RNA, whereas eukaryotes have DNA.
B)Prokaryotes have DNA, whereas eukaryotes have RNA.
C)Prokaryotes have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleoid.
D)Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus.
E)Prokaryotes have a cell wall, but eukaryotes do not.

Question 49

Responsible for most of a muscle cell's ATP generation

Question 50

The formation of ATP in the mitochondria, which is an oxygen-dependent reaction, is called:

A)aerobic metabolism.
B)phagocytosis.
C)endosymbiosis.
D)anaerobic metabolism.
E)catabolism.

Question 51

Digests damaged organelles

Question 52

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess:

A)mitochondria.
B)chloroplasts.
C)a nucleus.
D)ribosomes.

Question 53

A particular cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n)________ cell.

A)bacterial
B)animal, but not a plant
C)plant, but not an animal
D)plant or animal
E)plant or bacterial

Question 54

Site of protein synthesis

Question 55

Which of the following is the thinnest?

A)a flagellum
B)a microtubule
C)an intermediate filament
D)a microfilament

Question 56

A cell from a wheat plant contains all of the following EXCEPT a:

A)cell wall.
B)chloroplast.
C)mitochondrion.
D)cytoskeleton.
E)contractile vacuole.

Question 57

Which of the following provides evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic organisms?

A)They produce digestive enzymes on their rough ER.
B)They contain their own DNA.
C)They capture the energy of sunlight to make ATP.
D)They contain nucleoids.

Question 58

Which pair of organelles is responsible for supplying energy to eukaryotic cells?

A)ribosomes and mitochondria
B)chloroplasts and ribosomes
C)Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
D)mitochondria and lysosomes
E)chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 59

Sorts proteins and sends them to their proper destination

Question 60

Makes steroid hormones

Question 61

If you removed the sex pili from a bacterial cell, then the:

A)bacterium could no longer swim.
B)bacterium could no longer exchange DNA with other cells.
C)bacterium could no longer regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
D)bacterium would dry out.
E)shape of the bacterium would change.

Question 62

Describe the main functions of the plasma membrane.

Question 63

Imagine that a protein molecule is to be exported from a cell. Describe the pathway that the protein takes from the point of synthesis to export.

Question 64

Prokaryotes that are rod-shaped are called:

A)eukaryotes.
B)bacilli.
C)cocci.
D)spirilla.

Question 65

RNA carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. To get from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, RNA must pass through ________ in the nuclear membrane.

Question 66

What size, in diameter, are most single cells?

Question 67

The ________ in prokaryotic cells may help some pathogenic bacteria evade their host's immune system and attach to host cells.

Question 68

The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is in the ________ region of the cytoplasm.

Question 69

What are the three main components of modern cell theory?

Question 70

Most of the cell's metabolic activities occur in the ________.

Question 71

A cell that contains a large number of ribosomes would produce a large number of ________ molecules.

Question 72

The ________ is an organelle where some of the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and rough ER are processed.

Question 73

Cells that have a nucleus are referred to as ________ cells; those that lack a true nucleus are called ________ cells.

Question 74

What components do all cells possess?

Question 75

No prokaryotic cells have:

A)flagella.
B)ribosomes.
C)cytoplasm.
D)cilia.
E)genes.

Question 76

The small, circular loops of DNA in prokaryotic cells that are separate from the main chromosome and may harbor genes are called:

A)plastids.
B)ribosomes.
C)plasmids.
D)cristae.
E)pili.

Question 77

Prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria, so they cannot make ATP energy. True or False?

Question 78

The ________ is an organelle that extracts energy from food molecules; the ________ is an organelle that captures solar energy.

Question 79

Why are cells generally small?

Question 80

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about prokaryotes?

A)Prokaryotes are so small that they can be seen only with an electron microscope.
B)Prokaryotes have a plasma membrane, similar to that of eukaryotes.
C)Some prokaryotes are photosynthetic, yet they lack chloroplasts.
D)Encapsulated prokaryotes are less susceptible to drying out than nonencapsulated prokaryotes.