Deck 20: Development

Question 1

The single cell that is the result of fertilization is a(n)

A) zygote
B) morula
C) blastocyst
D) embryo
E) inner cell mass

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The amnion,chorion,and placenta form during the preimplantation period.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm develop during the first two weeks after fertilization.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Milk is not produced unless prolactin is stimulated by a baby's suckling.

Question 5

The period of development before birth is called _____ development.

A) fetal
B) prenatal
C) postconceptual
D) postnatal
E) embryonic

Question 6

For fertilization to occur,many sperm are needed to

A) break down the cell membrane of the oocyte
B) activate the polar bodies
C) stimulate the final division of the oocyte
D) separate the cells of the corona radiata so a single sperm can enter
E) destroy the polar bodies so they don't use nutrients

Question 7

For fertilization to take place,sexual intercourse must occur approximately between 1 day before and 3 days after ovulation.

Question 8

How long does the pre-embryonic period last?

A) 2 days
B) 2 weeks
C) 2 months
D) 8 weeks
E) 10 weeks

Question 9

Recessive genes express themselves even when they are heterozygous.

Question 10

All of the following occur during the pre-embryonic period EXCEPT

A) cleavage
B) implantation
C) formation of primary germ layers
D) formation of placenta

Question 11

Fertilization usually takes place in the

A) uterus
B) uterine tube
C) vagina
D) cervix
E) fornix

Question 12

The second meiotic division in oogenesis is not completed until after a spermatozoan has penetrated the cell.

Question 13

The period of development after birth is called

A) perinatal development
B) senescence
C) postnatal development
D) adolescence
E) childhood

Question 14

Capacitation is a process that

A) weakens the membrane of the acrosome on the sperm
B) weakens the zona pellucida of the ovum
C) occurs in the sperm before ejaculation
D) occurs in the epididymis during sperm maturation
E) splits the corona radiata so that sperm can enter

Question 15

Trophoblast cells secrete human chorionic gonadotropin,which has an action similar to luteinizing hormone.

Question 16

The longest period in prenatal development is the _____ period.

A) embryonic
B) pre-embryonic
C) fetal
D) fertilization

Question 17

The expulsion stage of labor generally lasts for 3-4 hours.

Question 18

Temperature regulating mechanisms are well developed in the neonatal period.

Question 19

Fertilization is the

A) penetration of an ovum by a sperm
B) separation of the zona pellucida and cells of the corona radiata
C) union of an egg and a sperm
D) union of the sperm and ovum pronuclei

Question 20

The embryonic period lasts for about six months.

Question 21

The primary germ layers that develop during the pre-embryonic period include all of the following EXCEPT

A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
D) mesenchyme

Question 22

The cells that give rise to the primary germ layers are the

A) inner cell mass
B) trophoblast
C) blastomeres
D) blastocele
E) allantois

Question 23

The solid ball of blastomeres that is the result of cleavage is a(n)

A) morula
B) blastocyst
C) trophoblast
D) inner cell mass
E) blastocele

Question 24

The opening between the right atrium and left atrium in the fetal heart is the

A) ductus arteriosus
B) atrial foramen
C) foramen ovale
D) ductus venosus

Question 25

The term gestation refers to the

A) period from conception to parturition
B) embryonic period
C) fetal period
D) period two weeks before birth to two weeks after birth

Question 26

The blood vessel that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation is the

A) umbilical artery
B) ductus venosus
C) placental artery
D) ductus arteriosus
E) foramen ovale

Question 27

All of the following occur during the embryonic period EXCEPT formation of

A) the placenta
B) body organs
C) lanugo hair
D) amnion and chorion

Question 28

The vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus is the

A) umbilical artery
B) umbilical vein
C) ductus venosus
D) placental artery
E) placental vein

Question 29

The hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells is

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) chorionic gonadotropin
D) similar to FSH
E) to prevent development of additional ovarian follicles

Question 30

The extraembryonic membrane that contributes to the formation of umbilical blood vessels is the

A) allantois
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) yolk sac
E) placenta

Question 31

The temporary organ that functions in the exchange of gases,nutrients,and waste between maternal and fetal blood is the

A) umbilical cord
B) amnion
C) placenta
D) yolk sac

Question 32

The cells around the periphery of a blastocyst form the

A) inner cell mass
B) trophoblast
C) blastocele
D) chorion
E) amnion

Question 33

The extraembryonic membrane that surrounds the embryo and secretes a fluid that cushions it is the

A) allantois
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) yolk sac
E) placenta

Question 34

The outermost extraembryonic membrane that contributes to the formation of the placenta is the

A) allantois
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) yolk sac

Question 35

All of the following are derived from ectoderm EXCEPT

A) epidermis of the skin
B) epithelium of blood vessels
C) nervous tissue
D) lining of the oral cavity
E) sense organ receptor cells

Question 36

Two external features unique to the fetus are

A) vernix caseosa and lanugo hair
B) translucent skin and sebum
C) ductus venosus and umbilical arteries
D) umbilical arteries and umbilical vein

Question 37

All of the following are derived from mesoderm EXCEPT

A) epithelial lining of the digestive tract
B) dermis of the skin
C) bone and cartilage
D) skeletal and smooth muscle
E) epithelium of serous membranes

Question 38

The two fundamental processes that occur during the fetal period are

A) differentiation and organ system formation
B) growth and maturation
C) formation of the brain and the heart
D) formation of amniotic fluid and the placenta

Question 39

Implantation normally occurs

A) in the fundus of the uterus
B) high in the uterine body wall
C) low in the uterine body wall
D) near the internal os
E) in the region of the cervix

Question 40

The extraembryonic membrane that is the source of primordial germ cells is the

A) allantois
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) yolk sac
E) placenta

Question 41

The relationship of the hypothalamus,oxytocin,and uterine contractions is an example of a _____ feedback mechanism.

A) negative
B) positive

Question 42

The normal stimulus for the baby to take its first deep breath is

A) cutting the umbilical cord
B) the shock of being in a cool environment rather than a warm uterus
C) the pain from a solid slap on the buttocks
D) increasing carbon dioxide levels and decreasing pH as a result of blood circulating but no oxygenation from the placenta

Question 43

All of the following are characteristic of the onset of true labor EXCEPT

A) rhythmic contractions
B) dilation of the cervix
C) rupture of the amniotic sac
D) discharge of bloody mucus from the cervix and vagina

Question 44

Morphogenesis refers to the

A) excessive quantity of amniotic fluid
B) condition of false pregnancy
C) study of the newborn
D) development of shape or form

Question 45

Near the end of gestation,uterine muscles become sensitized for contractions by _____ levels of _____.

A) increasing;progesterone
B) decreasing;progesterone
C) increasing;estrogen
D) decreasing;estrogen
E) increasing;oxytocin

Question 46

The longest stage of labor is the _____ stage.

A) dilation
B) expulsion
C) placental

Question 47

The normal gestation period in humans is

A) 266 days from the last menstrual period
B) 280 days from fertilization
C) 266 days from fertilization
D) 40 weeks from fertilization

Question 48

All of the following are characteristic of colostrum EXCEPT

A) cloudy yellowish fluid
B) secreted before milk production
C) has more fat than milk
D) has more protein than milk
E) has less lactose than milk

Question 49

Pressure of the fetal head on the cervix stimulates

A) an increase in progesterone levels
B) an increase in estrogen levels
C) the release of prostaglandins
D) the release of oxytocin

Question 50

Assume that eye color is an autosomal trait and that brown eye color is dominant over blue eye color.If one parent is homozygous for brown eyes and the other parent is homozygous for blue eyes,then

A) all offspring will have brown eyes
B) half the children will have brown eyes and half will have blue eyes
C) the sons will have brown eyes and the daughters will have blue eyes
D) all offspring will have blue eyes

Question 51

The postnatal development period during which an individual is most vulnerable to environmental stresses is

A) adolescence
B) childhood
C) infancy
D) neonatal

Question 52

Labor is the

A) same as parturition
B) process by which forceful contractions expel the fetus from the uterus
C) term used to refer to the birth of a baby
D) final stage in the birth of a baby

Question 53

The postnatal development period during which an individual learns to sit,walk,smile,and laugh is the _____ period.

A) neonatal
B) childhood
C) infancy
D) gestational

Question 54

The circulatory changes that occur shortly after birth send

A) increased blood to the lungs for oxygenation
B) increased blood to body organs except the lungs
C) decreased blood to the lungs for oxygenation
D) decreased blood to the body organs except the lungs

Question 55

During pregnancy,milk production is inhibited by

A) the hypothalamus
B) estrogen and progesterone
C) prolactin-inhibiting hormone
D) oxytocin
E) prostaglandins

Question 56

Near the end of gestation,the inhibition of uterine muscle contractions is removed by _____ levels of _____.

A) increasing;progesterone
B) decreasing;progesterone
C) increasing;estrogen
D) decreasing;estrogen
E) increasing;oxytocin

Question 57

The period during which language,reading,writing,and other intellectual skills develop is

A) infancy
B) childhood
C) adolescence
D) adulthood

Question 58

The appearance of secondary sex characteristics occurs during

A) infancy
B) childhood
C) adolescence
D) adulthood

Question 59

The term that refers to excessive vomiting during pregnancy is

A) polyhydramnios
B) hyperemesis gravidarum
C) pseudocyesis
D) prima gravida

Question 60

The expression of genes is called

A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) a sex-linked trait
D) an autosomal trait

Question 61

What is the term for the longest stage of labor?

Question 62

With prostaglandins,what is the hormone that stimulates uterine contractions?

Question 63

What is the term for the yellowish fluid that is secreted by the mammary glands prior to milk production?

Question 64

What is the term for the vessels that carry fetal blood to the placenta for gaseous exchange?

Question 65

What is the term for the postnatal period that begins at birth and lasts about 4 weeks?

Question 66

What is the term for the region of the blastocyst that develops into the embryo?

Question 67

What is the term for the cells that enclose a blastocele?

Question 68

What is the term for the series of mitotic cell divisions that begin shortly after fertilization?

Question 69

What is the term for the period of prenatal development that lasts about 30 weeks?

Question 70

What is the term for the single cell that is the result of fertilization?

Question 71

What is the term for the hair that covers the fetal body and helps keep the vernix caseosa in place?

Question 72

What is the term for the region where fertilization generally occurs?

Question 73

What is the term for the extraembryonic membrane that contributes to the formation of the placenta?

Question 74

What is the term for traits carried on the X and Y chromosomes?

Question 75

What is the term for the period of prenatal development during which organogenesis occurs?