Deck 11: Mixing and Comparing Methods

Question 1

In what has been called the 'paradigm wars', social scientists intensely debated between the 1970s and 1990s over 11-3)

A)The value of the deductive and inductive research philosophies
B)The value of positivist and construction research philosophies
C)The value of positivist and interpretivist/constructivist research philosophies
D)All of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Testa and colleagues 2011)supplemented their quantitative study of violence again women with a qualitative component because 11-8)

A)Violence against women turned out to be more straightforward than had been anticipated
B)The multi-faceted phenomenon was likely to occur around unexpected female sexuql scripts
C)Violence again women is "a complex multifaceted phenomenon within a social context"
D)Violence against women was found to be imbedded in general behavior than earlier thought

Answer 2

C

Question 3

One special ethical challenge which is heightened in mixed-method projects is 11-14)

A)Defining the researcher's role in relation to members of their team
B)Defining the researcher's role in relation to the research participants
C)Both A and B are correct
D)None of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The multiphase design involves 11-5)

A)Components to add additional insight
B)A theoretical perspective with a social justice focus such as feminism
C)The quantitative and qualitative methods being implemented at the same time
D)None of the above

Question 5

A common reason for mixing quantitative and qualitative methods in one research project is to 11-2)

A)Take advantage of the strengths of each methodological approach
B)Add unique insights about the intervention process that cannot easily be obtained from the primary method used in an investigation
C)Derive a clearer picture of the social reality being studied by focusing on one perspective
D)Only A and B

Question 6

For his research, Homeroom Security, Aaron Kupchik 2010)used the 11-6)

A)Multiphase design
B)Exploratory sequential design
C)Convergent parallel design
D)Embedded design

Question 7

Combining qualitative and quantitative methods within one research project can strengthen the project's design by 11-9)

A)Enhancing measurement reliability
B)Enhancing causal validity
C)Disproving authenticity
D)Disproving nomothetic causal validity

Question 8

When the qualitative method is implemented first and followed by the quantitative method, the design is 11-5)

A)Embedded design
B)Transformative design
C)Exploratory sequential design
D)Explanatory sequential design

Question 9

The use of multiple methods to study one research question is 11-2)

A)Mixated methods
B)Matched methods
C)Triangulation
D)Tripulation

Question 10

The design where quantitative and qualitative methods are implemented at the same time is 11-4)

A)Exploratory sequential design
B)Convergent parallel design
C)Embedded design
D)Transformative design

Question 11

As in the research by Bachman 1992)about American Indian Homicide, some mixed methods designs begin with a qualitative method and then proceed with a quantitative method for confirmatory purposes, which is known as an)11-6)

A)Explanatory sequential design
B)Explicatory sequential design
C)Exploratory sequential design
D)All of the above

Question 12

In his ethnography in Oakland, California, Victor Rios 2011)conducted 11-2)

A)Survey research and participant observation
B)Participant observation, focus groups, and intensive interviews
C)Participant observation, Covert observation, and focus groups
D)Focus groups, participant observation, and covert observation

Question 13

A philosophy developed by John Dewey and others that emphasized the importance of taking action and learning from the outcomes to generate knowledge is known as 11-4)

A)Maxed methods
B)Paradigm wars
C)Pragmatism
D)Constructionism

Question 14

Rather than the alternative perspectives of positivism and constructivism researchers developed the principle of 11-4)

A)Minimism
B)Maximism
C)Pragmatism
D)None of the above

Question 15

A standardized measure of association is the 11-12)

A)Affect size
B)Association size
C)Effect size
D)None of the above

Question 16

A method used to analyze and integrate findings from qualitative studies is known as 11-13)

A)Meta-aggregating
B)Meta-analysis
C)Meta-synthesis
D)All of the above may be used to describe the method

Question 17

Lundahl, Nimer, and Parsons 2006)were interested in the 11-13)

A)The effect of understanding how parent training can affect child rearing attitudes
B)The effect of adolescent training on reducing risk factors associated with child abuse
C)The effect of parent education programs on reducing risk factors associated with child abuse
D)The effect of multi-child mixed families on abuse rates

Question 18

This design uses the theoretical perspective with a social justice focus to improve the well-being of vulnerable populations.11-5)

A)Embedded design
B)Transformative design
C)Exploratory sequential design
D)Multiphase design

Question 19

A quantitative method for identifying patterns in findings across multiple studies of the same research question is 11-11)

A)Maxi-analysis
B)Pattern-analysis
C)Integration analysis
D)Meta-analysis

Question 20

Ferguson, et al., performed a meta-analysis of randomized experimental studies to examine the 11-12)

A)Efficiency of bullying programs across randomized experimental studies
B)Efficacy of anti-bullying programs across randomized experimental studies
C)Effectiveness of anti-bullying programs across the U.S.
D)None of the above

Question 21

The embedded design occurs when the primary method is qualitative or quantitative but the researcher adds the other component to 11-4)

A)Concurrently makes it nonsensical
B)Use convergent integration
C)Gain additional insight
D)Gain sequential insight

Question 22

This type of mixed methods research design involves a series of quantitative and qualitative designs, with each design informing the next phase 11-5)

A)Transformative design
B)Embedded design
C)Multiphase design
D)Convergent parallel

Question 23

As a part of her research, Bachman conducted face-to-face interviews with homicide offenders at 10-7)

A)Four American Indian reservations
B)Three Midwestern state prisons
C)Three Eastern state prisons
D)Four Mid-country federal prisons

Question 24

Aaron Kupchik 2010)provided an excellent example of quantitative research in practice in his book, Homeroom Security.11-6)

Question 25

Complex mixed-methods projects in which quantitative surveying is interspersed with observational research 11-15)

A)and covert research may require explicit renegotiations
B)may require an addition of covert participation at some stages
C)may require renegotiation of participant consent at each stage
D)None of the above

Question 26

One mark of a sophisticated researcher is the ability to 11-16)

A)Integrate convergent techniques to a complex research question
B)Apply diverse techniques to address different aspects of a complex research question
C)Use mental concepts to reflect exactly what we measured
D)Generalize beyond the cases actually studied

Question 27

The mixed-methods examples from Chapter 11 demonstrate that a research design 11-15)

A)Can stand alone
B)Is an integrated whole
C)Is a means to an end with regard to integration of the parts
D)Cannot give a better picture of the causal connections

Question 28

The term triangulation derives from land surveying.11-3)

Question 29

An embedded design is when quantitative and qualitative methods are added either concurrently or sequentially as a secondary method.11-4)

Question 30

Combined mixed-methods projects in which quantitative surveying is interspersed with observational research or intensive interviews may also require the 11-15)

A)Renegotiation of explicit conceptualization of treatment of informed agreement
B)Negotiation of the underpinnings of the research
C)Renegotiation of participant consent to particular research procedures at each stage
D)All of the above

Question 31

The transformative design uses the theoretical perspective with a social justice focus to improve the well-being of vulnerable populations.11-5)

Question 32

A multiphase design involves a series of quantitative and qualitative designs where each design and findings inform the next phase 11-5)

Question 33

In an exploratory sequential design the quantitative method is implemented first followed by the qualitative method.11-4)

Question 34

In the qualitative component of their study of Brazilian victims of domestic violence, Luxardo and colleagues 2011)adopted an)11-15)

A)Inflexible qualitative interviewing approach to allow participants to avoid some topics
B)Flexible quantitative questionnaire approach to allow participants to avoid some topics
C)Flexible qualitative interviewing approach to allow participants to avoid some topics
D)None of the above

Question 35

Creswell and Plano Clark 2011)suggest that the unique feature of a transformative design is 11-4)

A)That it uses a practical perspective with a social justice focus
B)That it uses a theoretical perspective with a social justice focus
C)When it improves the well-being of well-off populations
D)All of the above

Question 36

When quantitative and qualitative methods are implemented at different times it is a convergent parallel design.11-5)

Question 37

Paradigm wars were an intense debate from the 1970s to 1990s between social scientists over the value of positivist and interpretivist/constructivist research philosophies.11-3)

Question 38

A realistic assessment of the weaknesses as well as the strengths of each method of data collection should11-16)

A)Keep the researcher from advancing clear answers to diverse questions
B)Help the researcher to remember that excessive confidence in research is a virtue
C)Help the researcher to remember that humility in research is a virtue
D)Keep the researcher from being disillusioned by the research

Question 39

Positivism is a philosophy developed by John Dewey and others that emphasized the importance of taking action and learning from the outcomes to generate knowledge.11-4)

Question 40

The use of mixed methods increased in the late 1980s.11-3)

Question 41

Combining qualitative and quantitative methods can strengthen design by enhancing generalizability.11-9)

Question 42

Explain the philosophy of pragmatism and its relevance for mixed methods.11-4)

Question 43

State at least one reason for the use of each major type of mixed method.11-6)

Question 44

Testa, Livingston, and VanZile-Tamsen 2011)supplemented their quantitative study of violence against women with a qualitative component because violence against women is a complex phenomenon.11-8)

Question 45

Identify in a table or diagram the major features that distinguish the four major types of mixed methods.11-5)

Question 46

Describe both positions in the "paradigm wars" and present an argument for one.11-3)

Question 47

What is an embedded design? Give an example.11-4)

Question 48

Researchers who combine methods must be aware of the ethical concerns involved in using each of the separate methods.11-14)

Question 49

Define the convergent parallel design.Describe it, using the case study "School Security and Discipline." 11-4)

Question 50

Define triangulation and explain its value.11-3)

Question 51

Qualitative methods tend to be preferred when exploratory research questions are posed.11-10)

Question 52

Explain the appeal of the mixed methods approach.11-2)

Question 53

True experimental designs are strongest for testing nomothetic causal hypotheses.11-9)

Question 54

What is the history of mixed methods? 11-2)

Question 55

Describe research that utilizes the transformative design.11-4)

Question 56

Meta-synthesis is a method used to analyze and integrate findings from quantitative studies.11-13)

Question 57

Designing research means deciding how to measure empirical phenomena, how to identify causal connections and how to generalize findings.11-15)

Question 58

Bachman 1992)used an exploratory sequential design when she studied the social causes of rape, and then proceeded with a quantitative method for confirmatory purposes.11-6)

Question 59

Meta-analysis is a quantitative method for identifying patterns in findings across multiple studies of the same research question.11-11)

Question 60

A standardized measure of association is an affect size.11-12)

Question 61

What are the strengths of using mixed methods in research? 11-

Question 62

What is a Meta-Analysis? What are the benefits and weaknesses of using it?

Question 63

Define Exploratory Sequential Design and describe "American Indian Homicide" case study from our text.

Question 64

What kind of challenges might be faced by a researcher using mixed methods in research? Why?