Deck 19: Kingdom Fungi

Question 1

Sufu and tempeh are made by inoculating soybeans with a

A) cup (sac) fungus.
B) club fungus.
C) imperfect fungus.
D) coenocytic fungus.
E) bread mold.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia would be found in

A) morels.
B) athlete's foot fungus.
C) yeasts.
D) black bread molds.
E) puffballs.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Fungi were first classified as plants, then moved to Kingdom ________ before being placed in the Kingdom Fungi.

A) Animalia
B) Archaea
C) Bacteria (Monera)
D) Plantae
E) Protista

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Common names for different fungi include which of the following?

A) rusts
B) mildews
C) smuts
D) stinkhorns
E) All of the above refer to groups of fungi.

Question 5

________ are being investigated for their potential to help clean up oil spills along beaches and in marine waters.

A) Diatoms
B) Water molds
C) Lichens
D) Fungi
E) Bread mold

Question 6

Which of the following pairs of diseases is associated with cup (sac) fungi?

A) peach leaf curl, chestnut blight
B) white pine blister rust, black stem rust of wheat
C) downy mildew, molds of fish
D) aspergilloses, white piedra
E) late blight of potato, black bread mold

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organisms in Kingdom Fungi?

A) the fungal body is formed of tubular threads called hyphae
B) produce chlorophyll and function as autotrophs
C) excrete digestive enzymes and absorb simple organic nutrients
D) generally lack motile (flagellated) cells
E) cell walls of chitin

Question 8

The characteristic reproductive structure produced by fungi in the phylum ________, the coenocytic true fungi, is the ________.

A) Ascomycota; zygosporangium
B) Zygomycota; zygosporangium
C) Basidiomycota; ascospore
D) Deuteromycota; basidiospore
E) Chytridiomycota; ascoma

Question 9

Which of the following features sets the bread molds and water molds apart from other groups of fungi?

A) asexual spores
B) coenocytic hyphae
C) sexual reproduction
D) conidia
E) no members of any particular economic importance

Question 10

Heterotrophs that have chitin in their cell walls belong to the group commonly called

A) fungi.
B) protists.
C) monerans.
D) plants.
E) algae.

Question 11

Biologists who study fungi are ________.

A) phycologists
B) physiologists
C) mycologists
D) ecologists
E) microbiologists

Question 12

True fungi differ from slime molds in

A) producing spores.
B) having chitin in their cell walls.
C) having forms without cell walls between their nuclei.
D) having forms with motile reproductive cells.
E) having sexual reproduction.

Question 13

The dung-inhabiting Pilobolus fungus is ________, and can catapult sporangia up to 8 meters (26 feet) away from the from the dung pile where they are growing.

A) moisture sensitive
B) temperature sensitive
C) sensitive to grazing animals
D) light sensitive
E) dangerous

Question 14

In a fungal body, thread-like structures called ________ are interwoven to form a tangled mass called a ________.

A) microtubules / thallus
B) hyphae / mycelium
C) hyphae / plasmodium
D) microtubules / mycelium
E) filaments / colony

Question 15

Fungi were removed from the plant kingdom for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A) Fungi are heterotrophs; plants are autotrophs.
B) Fungi have chitin in their cell walls; plants have cellulose.
C) Fungal cells are prokaryotic; plant cells are eukaryotic.
D) Plants and fungi have very different reproductive strategies.
E) DNA data suggests that fungi are more closely related to animals than they are to plants.

Question 16

One group of fungi implicated in the worldwide decline of amphibians, particularly frogs, is the ________.

A) chytrids
B) bread molds
C) yeasts
D) morels
E) water molds

Question 17

Which of the following groups of fungi and fungi-like organisms do NOT have chitin in the cell walls?

A) bread molds
B) cup fungi
C) club fungi
D) water molds
E) imperfect fungi

Question 18

Human consumers of fungi are known as

A) mycophagists.
B) microbiologists.
C) misanthropists.
D) mycologists.
E) fungophiles.

Question 19

Which of the following useful products is NOT associated with cup (sac) fungi?

A) ethyl alcohol
B) yeasts
C) vitamins
D) common edible mushrooms
E) truffles

Question 20

Common names such as smut, rust, and mildew reflect the role of many fungi as ________.

A) pathogens
B) parasites
C) food spoilage
D) destructive agents
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 21

Upright hyphae that produce sporangia at their tips are known as

A) asci.
B) basidia.
C) zygospores.
D) columellae.
E) sporangiophores.

Question 22

Hyphae at the tips of which spores are produced externally (as opposed to within a sporangium) are called

A) sporangiophores.
B) conidiophores.
C) gametophores.
D) progametangia.
E) pseudophores.

Question 23

The little bypass loops on the sides of dikaryotic hyphae are

A) sexually reproductive hyphae.
B) evidence the fungus is being parasitized.
C) developing sporangia.
D) clamp connections.
E) asexually reproductive hyphae.

Question 24

Which of the following is a fungal protuberance that penetrates another organism's cells and aids in digestion of the penetrated cells?

A) vegetative hypha
B) progametangium
C) enzymatic hypha
D) haustorium
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 25

Stinkhorns belong to the

A) imperfect fungi.
B) cup (sac) fungi.
C) club fungi.
D) coenocytic fungi.
E) water molds.

Question 26

The form of the reproductive structure of the Basidiomycota give this phylum the common name of the ________

A) club fungi
B) water molds
C) bread molds
D) sac fungi
E) imperfect fungi

Question 27

Yeasts are a source of which of the following?

A) ingredients for explosives
B) medicinal drugs
C) high protein cattle feed
D) B vitamins
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 28

In mushrooms, meiosis takes place in this structure.

A) ascus
B) basidium
C) sporangium
D) hyphae
E) underground mycelium

Question 29

A ringlike membrane on the stalk of a mushroom is called a/an

A) annulus.
B) veil.
C) peripheral mycelium.
D) volva.
E) gill.

Question 30

Mushrooms that are reported to have more than twice the nutritional value of common edible mushrooms are

A) morels.
B) Black Forest (Shiitake) mushrooms.
C) truffles.
D) false morels.
E) puffballs.

Question 31

Except for a ring of appendages, earth stars resemble

A) common mushrooms.
B) slime molds.
C) bird's-nest fungi.
D) puffballs.
E) shelf or bracket fungi.

Question 32

A fungus closely related to Penicillium and used to make soy sauce (shoyu) is

A) Aspergillus.
B) Rhizopus.
C) Pilobolus.
D) Agaricus campestris.
E) Physcia.

Question 33

Prized by gourmets around the world, ________ are two edible fruiting bodies of sac fungi.

A) yeast and ergot
B) corn smut and amanita
C) pilobolus and puffballs
D) bracket fungus and earth stars
E) truffles and morels

Question 34

Mushrooms and toadstools are reproductive structures characteristic of Phylum ________.

A) Zygomycota
B) Basidiomycota
C) Deuteromycota
D) Chytridiomycota
E) Ascomycota

Question 35

Which of the following pairs of fungi belongs to the imperfect fungi (Phylum Deuteromycota)?

A) ringworm fungi, athlete's foot fungi
B) stinkhorns, puffballs
C) molds of fish, Pilobolus
D) morels, truffles
E) rusts, smuts

Question 36

Two parasitic fungal diseases classified in the Ascomycota that have completely changed the urban landscape and deciduous forests in eastern North America are ________.

A) ergot and bracket fungi
B) downy mildew and corn blight
C) Dutch elm disease and Chestnut blight
D) wheat rust and fire blight
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 37

In fungi, mitosis takes place in________

A) the ascus.
B) the basidium.
C) the sporangium
D) the hyphae
E) all of these structures.

Question 38

The only known antidote for poisoning from death angel and similar mushrooms is

A) penicillin.
B) egg white.
C) extracts of milk thistle (silibinin and silymarin)
D) lentinacin.
E) interferon.

Question 39

Truffles are the reproductive bodies of

A) cup (sac) fungi.
B) club fungi.
C) imperfect fungi.
D) coenocytic fungi.
E) water molds.

Question 40

The tiny pegs on which basidiospores are produced are

A) gills.
B) sterigmata.
C) asci.
D) suspensors.
E) rhizoids.

Question 41

Bread molds absorb most of their food in solution.

Question 42

Penicillin is produced by a bread mold.

Question 43

Stinkhorns and puffballs are examples of cup (sac) fungi.

Question 44

One reason lichens may live for hundreds of years is that

A) they reproduce by spores.
B) they are completely independent of photosynthesis for their nutrition.
C) they have in their thalli gelatinous substances that aid in resisting drying.
D) they are able to parasitize trees and other plants.
E) they occur in a wide variety of forms.

Question 45

Which of the following was the first antibiotic isolated from a fungus?

A) streptomycin
B) cyclosporine
C) tetracycline
D) actinomycin
E) penicillin

Question 46

Penicillium mold growing on an agar plate inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus bacteria and led to the concept of

A) symbiosis.
B) conjugation.
C) antibiotics for bacterial control.
D) germ theory of disease.
E) sexual reproduction in fungi.

Question 47

Yeasts reproduce primarily by means of spores produced within basidia.

Question 48

Rusts, smuts, and mushrooms all belong to this group.

A) Deuteromycetes
B) Basidiomycetes
C) Ascomycetes
D) Zygomycetes
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 49

Rusts produce their spores along platelike gills.

Question 50

The horse dung fungus, Pilobolus, and black bread molds have coenocytic hyphae.

Question 51

Rhizines are often present in which of the following lichen thallus layers?

A) upper cortex
B) medulla
C) algal layer
D) lower cortex
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 52

LSD can be synthesized from a precursor found in ergot of rye.

Question 53

Fruticose lichens mostly resemble small fruits.

Question 54

An attempt to control rusts that need two hosts to complete their life cycle involves eradication of the non-economical alternate host.

Question 55

Nearly all fungi have boxlike cells in their hyphae.

Question 56

Lichens

A) are a form of moss.
B) usually grow very rapidly.
C) are chiefly confined to wet or permanently damp areas.
D) do not reproduce asexually.
E) occur in a variety of colors and forms.

Question 57

All fungi reproduce sexually.

Question 58

Many chytrids reproduce only asexually.

Question 59

In black bread molds, the spores are produced at the tips of upright hyphae.

Question 60

Bird's-nest fungi resemble tiny birds' nests.

Question 61

Lichens are classified into groups based on their evolutionary relationships.

Question 62

Yeasts are multicellular fungi that are important in the brewing and baking industries.

Question 63

Each species of lichen has its own species of fungus.

Question 64

A large group of plant parasites belong to the Sac Fungi.

Question 65

Morels and truffles are poisonous mushrooms.

Question 66

Lichens feature a symbiosis between a fungus and a red algal species.

Question 67

The Imperfect Fungi are so-called because they have no known sexual stage of the life cycle.