Deck 27: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 1

Which of the following results occurs in response to an injury?

A) Chemical barrier
B) Mechanical barrier
C) Fever
D) Species resistance
E) Inflammation

Answer 1

Inflammation

Question 2

Which of these nonspecific body defenses utilizes enzymes in body fluids to destroy pathogens?

A) Chemical barriers
B) Mechanical barriers
C) Inflammation
D) Phagocytosis
E) Species resistance

Answer 2

Chemical barriers

Question 3

Which of the following activated T cells is active against viruses and protects the body against cancer?

A) Cytotoxic
B) Helper
C) Memory
D) NK
E) Macrophage

Answer 3

Cytotoxic

Question 4

Which of the following produce memory cells that trigger a strong response to future exposures to the same antigen?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Complements

Question 5

Interferon in the blood acts as which type of nonspecific body defense?

A) Chemical barrier
B) Mechanical barrier
C) Fever
D) Inflammation
E) Phagocytosis

Question 6

The nonspecific body defense in which neutrophils and monocytes can leave the bloodstream to attack pathogens in other tissues is ____.

A) a chemical barrier
B) a mechanical barrier
C) inflammation
D) phagocytosis
E) species resistance

Question 7

What are the major WBCs involved in specific defenses?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) Cytokines
D) B cells
E) Haptens

Question 8

Most lymphocytes in the blood are ____.

A) T cells
B) antibodies
C) cytokines
D) B cells
E) natural killer (NK) cells

Question 9

Which of the following is unique to an individual, is present on every cell in that person's body, and activates T cells?

A) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
B) Cytokines
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Complements

Question 10

Which of the following bind to antigens on cells and attack them directly?

A) T cells
B) Cytokines
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Haptens

Question 11

Which of these become plasma cells in response to an antigen and make antibodies against the specific antigen?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Monocytes

Question 12

Which of the following increase B cell production and stimulate red bone marrow to produce more WBCs?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) Monokines
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Memory cells

Question 13

Which of the following secrete chemicals that produce holes in the membranes of harmful cells but do not have to recognize a specific antigen to start destroying pathogens?

A) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
B) Cytokines
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) T cells

Question 14

Which nonspecific defense activates cells in the body to attack pathogens?

A) A chemical barrier
B) Fever
C) Inflammation
D) Phagocytosis
E) A mechanical barrier

Question 15

The medical provider has explained to Cherise that she has an abscess in her spleen and the spleen will need to be removed. When the medical assistant who is educating Cherise on the procedure asks if she has any questions, she asks if the spleen removal will cause a health problem. What is the best response to her question?

A) "There is no effect. It is done all the time."
B) "You may have frequent headaches."
C) "The liver will take over most of the spleen's functions."
D) "What makes you ask that?"
E) "You will no longer be able to eat certain foods."

Question 16

Which of the following cells mainly target cancer cells?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) Monokines
E) Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 17

Which of the following secrete lymphokines?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) Cytokines
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Monokines

Question 18

In which nonspecific body defense do blood vessels dilate, bringing more blood to the area, which in turn brings phagocytic white blood cells to the area to attack the pathogen, proteins to replace injured tissues, and clotting factors to stop any bleeding?

A) Mechanical barriers
B) Fever
C) Inflammation
D) Phagocytosis
E) Chemical barriers

Question 19

In which way does an individual develop a naturally acquired active immunity?

A) When antibodies from the mother cross the placenta to the fetus
B) When antibodies from the fetus cross the placenta to the mother
C) From immunization with antibodies to a disease-causing organism
D) From exposure to organisms that cause a disease
E) From administration of a vaccine with killed or weakened organisms

Question 20

Mucous membranes and skin are examples of which type of nonspecific body defense?

A) Chemical barriers
B) Mechanical barriers
C) Fever
D) Inflammation
E) Phagocytosis

Question 21

Which immunoglobulin is thought to control the activity of B cells?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 22

Which type of immunity results from having an infectious disease?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired passive
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired active
E) Species resistance

Question 23

Allergies can be treated effectively by which of the following over-the-counter medications?

A) Anti-emetics
B) Anti-inflammatories
C) Pain relievers
D) Antihistamines
E) Analgesics

Question 24

Which type of immunoglobulin recognizes bacteria, viruses, and toxins?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 25

Which of the following causes a rapid drop in blood pressure and is a life-threatening event?

A) Allergy
B) Mononucleosis
C) Anaphylaxis
D) mononucleosis
E) AIDS

Question 26

Which of the following types of immunity crosses the placenta and passes through the breast milk?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired active
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired passive
E) Species resistance

Question 27

Which immunoglobulin triggers an allergic reaction?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 28

Which type of immunity results from exposure to an antigen?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired active
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired passive
E) Species resistance

Question 29

Which type of immunity requires injection with an antibody?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired passive
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired active
E) Species resistance

Question 30

Which of the following is the immunoglobulin that primarily binds to antigens on food, bacteria, or incompatible blood cells?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 31

Which of the following describes a primary immune response?

A) It is a very rapid response.
B) It is carried out by memory cells.
C) It takes several weeks.
D) It requires re-exposure to an antigen.
E) It prevents a person from developing a disease from the antigen.

Question 32

Which of the following does not describe a secondary immune response?

A) It is a very rapid response.
B) It causes memory cells to develop.
C) It is carried out by memory cells.
D) It requires re-exposure to an antigen.
E) It prevents a person from developing a disease from the antigen.

Question 33

Which type of immunity results simply from being human, as opposed to being a cow or plant?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired passive
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired active
E) Species resistance

Question 34

Which of these antibodies is found in secretions of the body and prevents pathogens from entering the body?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 35

Which type of activated T cells prevents a person from having the same disease twice?

A) Cytotoxic
B) Helper
C) Memory
D) NK
E) Macrophage

Question 36

Which of these is used to rescue a person experiencing anaphylaxis?

A) Anti-inflammatory
B) Allergen
C) Analgesic
D) Epinephrine
E) Anti-emetic

Question 37

Which type of immunity results from a vaccine?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired active
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired passive
E) Species resistance

Question 38

Which of the following identifies how far cancer cells have spread?

A) Chemotherapy
B) Radiation
C) Biopsy
D) Staging
E) Immune therapy

Question 39

Which of the following is an excessive immune response that involves IgE antibodies?

A) Allergy
B) Mononucleosis
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Lymphedema
E) Chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 40

Which activated T cells increase phagocytosis and antibody formation?

A) Cytotoxic
B) Helper
C) Memory
D) NK
E) Macrophage

Question 41

The body's mechanisms to protect itself against pathogens in general are called nonspecific defenses or ________ immunity

Question 42

Some foreign substances in the body are too small to start an immune response by themselves, so they join to proteins in the blood, where they are able to trigger an immune response. These substances are called ________.

Question 43

When normal cells create growths, the growths are called ________, meaning they are not cancerous.

Question 44

The most active phagocytes in the blood are neutrophils and ________.

Question 45

In a(n) ________ disease, the body begins to attack its own antigens.

Question 46

Fluids in the body are called ________.

Question 47

Major proteins in serum that attack pathogens and can also attract macrophages to pathogens and stimulate inflammation are called ________.

Question 48

Which of the following actions causes lymph to flow through the lymphatic vessels?

A) Gravity
B) The force of the heart's pumping
C) The contraction of the muscles in vessel walls
D) The squeezing action of the skeletal muscles
E) Filtration

Question 49

Any factor that causes the formation of cancer is a(n) ____.

A) carcinogen
B) allergen
C) irritant
D) antigen
E) antibody

Question 50

Which of the following are not signs or symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus?

A) Numbness of fingers and toes
B) Tender lymph nodes in the neck
C) "Butterfly" rash
D) Renal failure
E) Headaches

Question 51

Which of the following describes the thymus?

A) It decreases in size as a person ages.
B) It removes aged RBCs from circulation.
C) It is the largest lymphatic organ.
D) It is filled with blood and macrophages.
E) If it is removed, the liver takes over its functions.

Question 52

Large phagocytic cells that produce monokines and digest pathogens in the lymph are called ________.

Question 53

If lymph cannot be pushed through the vessels, ____.

A) blood pressure rises immediately
B) the kidneys excrete it
C) edema develops
D) the arteries and veins take over that function
E) the lymph is reabsorbed into the blood

Question 54

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome?

A) Numbness of fingers and toes and weight loss
B) Hair loss and renal failure
C) "Butterfly" rash and fever
D) Tender lymph nodes and joint pain
E) Runny nose and coughing

Question 55

________, which is contained in blood, acts as a chemical barrier and blocks viruses from infecting cells.

Question 56

Which of the following describes the spleen?

A) It is located in the thorax, above the heart.
B) It removes aged RBCs from circulation.
C) It decreases in size as a person ages.
D) It produces T-lymphocytes.
E) It produces thymosin.

Question 57

Ted came to the office feeling weak and has had significant weight loss recently. His blood tests show that his T-cell count is 178, his temperature is 102.4, and his blood pressure is 100/62. Based on his signs and symptoms, the practitioner might perform further tests to rule out ______.

A) systemic lupus erythematosus.
B) chronic fatigue syndrome.
C) lymphedema.
D) AIDS.
E) mononucleosis.

Question 58

White blood cells called ________ engulf and destroy pathogens and unwanted debris in the body.
Delete this space

Question 59

Elisa has just been diagnosed with stage II breast cancer. The practitioner has explained what this means, but Elisa is upset and confused. She asks the medical assistant if her cancer is serious. Which of the following is the best response to her question?

A) "No, breast cancer is not serious until it reaches stage IV."
B) "Breast cancer is 100% treatable."
C) "All cancers are potentially serious, but your cancer has not spread beyond the breast."
D) "No, in stage II, the cancer cells are localized in a few cell layers and are easily treatable."
E) "It is serious because in stage II, the cancer cells have spread to other organs."

Question 60

Sherry is a 17-year-old patient who arrives at the office complaining of fever, headache, frequent cough, and being tired all the time. She is concerned because her boyfriend has similar symptoms and was recently diagnosed with mononucleosis. Which of the following precautions should you take while you are working with Sherry?

A) None, because mononucleosis is only spread by kissing
B) Wear a mask while you are in the exam room
C) Use full PPE, including a gown, gloves, and mask
D) Put on gloves before checking her blood pressure
E) Ask Sherry not to cough while you are in the room

Question 61

A substance that triggers an allergic response is called a(n) ________.

Question 62

A(n) ________ is the presence of a pathogen in or on the body.

Question 63

Which disorder is an immune reaction linked to eating gluten that triggers a reaction causing the body to attack the small intestinal mucosa?

A) Mononucleosis
B) Lymphedema
C) Lupus
D) Chronic fatigue syndrome
E) Celiac

Question 64

In tears, ________ act as a chemical barrier and destroy pathogens on the surface of the eye.

Question 65

A foreign substance in the body is called a(n) ________.

Question 66

A(n) ________ is a disease-causing agent such as a bacterium, virus, toxin, fungus, or protozoan.

Question 67

The blockage of lymphatic vessels that drain excess fluids from the body causes ________.

Question 68

Lymphocytes known as ________ cells primarily target cancer cells, killing these harmful cells on contact by secreting chemicals that produce holes in the membranes, causing them to burst.

Question 69

The cells of the lymphatic system produce proteins known as ________, which assist in immune response regulation. Two types of these proteins are monokines and lymphokines.

Question 70

The nonspecific body defense mechanism, in which monocytes leave the bloodstream and become macrophages to attack pathogens in other tissues, is called _________.

Question 71

When an area of the body becomes injured or infected with a pathogen, ________ can result, causing blood vessels in the injured area to dilate and become leaky.

Question 72

Cytokines known as ________ assist in regulation of the immune response by increasing B cell production and stimulating red bone marrow to produce more white blood cells.

Question 73

T cells respond to antigens by secreting cytokines called ________, which increase T cell production and directly kill cells that have antigens.

Question 74

A life-threatening condition caused by an allergy in which vessels dilate so quickly that blood pressure drops too quickly for organs to adjust is called ________.

Question 75

The fluid that exists between cells, called _______ fluid, is destined to become lymph.

Question 76

A highly contagious viral infection spread through the saliva of the infected person and frequently affects teenagers is ________.

Question 77

_______ are three sets of lymphoid tissue that include pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual.

Question 78

Masses of lymphoid tissue not surrounded by a capsule that are distributed in the connective tissue of mucosa are known as _______.

A) lymphocytes
B) macrophages
C) lymph nodes
D) thymus
E) spleen