Deck 10: Basics of Psychoanalysis

Question 1

The therapeutic technique that involves instructing the patient to say whatever comes to mind is called

A) free association.
B) systematic regression.
C) repressed memory recovery.
D) reaction formation.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Tracy has an important test tomorrow. She knows she should study for the test but she really wants to go to Greg's party. However, when she considers not studying and going to the party she feels guilty. Tracy therefore decides to stay home and study for the test. According to psychoanalytic theory, Tracy's

A) ego won out over her superego.
B) superego won out over her id.
C) id won out over her superego.
D) ego won out over her id.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the text, the four key ideas of psychoanalytic theory are

A) internal structure, mental energy, psychic conflict, and psychic determinism.
B) internal structure, mental energy, psychic conflict, and unconscious motives.
C) internal structure, mental energy, psychic determinism, and unconscious motives.
D) mental energy, psychic conflict, psychic determinism, and unconscious motives.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the current status of Freud's idea that psychic energy is limited?

A) This idea has withstood the test of time and empirical scrutiny.
B) The newer idea suggests it is the mind's processing capacity rather than psychic energy that is limited.
C) No research has tested this idea, so little can be said about it.
D) This is an idea that trained psychoanalysts tend to reject but academic researchers tend to favor.

Question 5

According to Freud, the mental energy that makes the mind function is called

A) the id.
B) Thanatos.
C) libido.
D) sublimation.

Question 6

Jason is playing with his brother's new skateboard when he runs it into a wall and breaks it into pieces. Psychoanalysts would maintain that the destruction of the skateboard was

A) just an accident.
B) probably determined by some unconscious desire in Jason to ruin his brother's new toy.
C) a conscious free choice made by Jason right before he ran it into the wall.
D) caused by the environmental conditions.

Question 7

Toni forgot the day of his final exam and therefore did not complete it. The idea that Toni's behavior was not an accident and instead had a direct cause is the idea of

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) mental causality.
C) psychic determinism.
D) libidinal functionalism.

Question 8

According to the text, the widespread use of Freud's ideas in popular culture may actually be a deterrent for promoting the study of his theories because

A) his theories are still widely used in psychotherapy today.
B) many of their uses in popular culture are actually incorrect.
C) his theories are too broad and holistic of human behavior.
D) his theories seem so cliché or mundane that people will have little interest in studying them.

Question 9

A moralistic church official ends up soliciting prostitutes. According to Freudian theory, this was caused by the

A) ego winning out over the superego.
B) superego winning out over the id.
C) id winning out over the superego.
D) ego winning out over the id.

Question 10

According to Freud, the internal structure of the mind consists of

A) the oral, anal, and phallic stages.
B) the id, ego, and superego.
C) libido and Thanatos.
D) psychic energy and psychic conflict.

Question 11

Freud's greatest contribution to modern-day psychotherapy was

A) parapraxes.
B) the "talking cure."
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) defense mechanisms.

Question 12

Which statement best summarizes Freud and modern psychoanalytic thinking about mental energy?

A) Freud believed that mental energy was limited, whereas modern psychologists believe that it is the mind's ability to process information that is limited.
B) Freud believed that the mind's processing ability was limited, whereas modern psychoanalysts believe that mental energy is limited.
C) Both Freud and modern psychologists believed that mental energy is limited.
D) Freud and his current followers believed that mental energy could be precisely quantified through the process of psychoanalysis.

Question 13

Jenny spends most of her psychic energy trying to push her memory of a recent mugging out of conscious awareness. According to Freud, if Jenny tries to write a novel, she will find that

A) the repression has created additional psychic energy that will make her more creative.
B) she has little psychic energy left to spend on her writing.
C) nothing has changed, and her writing will proceed as well as it normally does.
D) the repression has created additional energy for her to invest in other outlets.

Question 14

What did Freud mean when he described sexual behavior as fixation?

A) The individual has successfully resolved the conflict that is present at a particular stage.
B) Excessive attention is paid to the penis during the genital stage of development.
C) Too much libido is invested in a given stage of psychosexual development.
D) He meant the development of extreme disgust of one's self.

Question 15

The psychoanalytic explanation for the behavior of the governor who paid for prostitutes yet supported anticrime initiatives would be that

A) the power of the situation caused his behavior.
B) he decided to get a prostitute of his own free will.
C) his behavior is inconsistent and difficult to predict.
D) the causes of his behavior lie in the psychic conflict of his mind.

Question 16

Why did Freud believe that psychotherapy was beneficial?

A) It helps the individual understand aspects of the collective unconscious.
B) Therapists provide objective insight without becoming emotionally involved.
C) Talking about problems helps bring those issues into conscious awareness.
D) Scientific methods proved the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

Question 17

Unlike other perspectives, the psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes the importance of ________ in determining behavior.

A) conscious desires
B) environmental influences
C) self-efficacy
D) unconscious processes

Question 18

What is the difference between the mind and the brain according to the psychoanalytic perspective?

A) The mind is the psychological product of the brain's activity.
B) The brain is the psychological product of the mind's activity.
C) The brain is the physical product of the mind's activity.
D) The mind is the physical product of the brain's activity.

Question 19

According to the textbook, the result of the compromise between the id, the ego, and the superego is what

A) the person unconsciously believes.
B) the person wishes to happen.
C) causes extreme depression.
D) the person consciously thinks and how he or she behaves.

Question 20

According to Freud, the irrational and emotional part of the mind is the ________, and the rational part of the mind is the ________.

A) superego; ego
B) id; libido
C) libido; Thanatos
D) id; ego

Question 21

According to the text, Freud was

A) a profound moderate who disliked extremes of any kind.
B) a believer in indulging infants so that they developed basic trust.
C) an extremist who believed that even young infants must take care of themselves.
D) not particularly concerned with the first 18 months of life because infants do not have language.

Question 22

In psychoanalytic theory, the structures of personality emerge during specific stages of psychosexual development. Which structure-stage pair is correctly matched?

A) ego-latency
B) superego-phallic
C) id-anal
D) ego-genital

Question 23

Which type of parenting style produces children who are the MOST psychologically healthy?

A) ambivalent
B) authoritarian
C) authoritative
D) permissive

Question 24

According to Freud, the superego develops during the ________ stage of psychosexual development, and the ego develops during the ________ stage.

A) penile; vaginal
B) vaginal; penile
C) phallic; anal
D) oral; genital

Question 25

Stephen's apartment is exceptionally neat and clean, whereas Mary Anne's house is always messy. According to Freud,

A) Stephen is an anal character, and Mary Anne is an oral character.
B) Stephen is an oral character, and Mary Anne has regressed to the latency period.
C) both Stephen and Mary Anne have developed fixations in the phallic stage.
D) both Stephen and Mary Anne are anal character types.

Question 26

Two-year-old Jonathan knows he is not allowed to have a second piece of candy. When his mother is distracted, he takes another piece out of the candy jar, just to see if he can get away with it. Jonathan is in the ________ stage of development.

A) phallic
B) oral
C) anal
D) latency

Question 27

Which of the following aspects of Freud's theory was LEAST developed?

A) libido
B) the death instinct
C) psychosexual stages
D) regression

Question 28

According to Freud, the process of psychological development is driven by the

A) investment and redirection of psychic energy.
B) development of key psychosocial relationships with others.
C) development of autonomy.
D) conflict between the conscious and preconscious mind.

Question 29

What psychological theme is related to the oral stage?

A) jealousy
B) morality
C) control
D) dependency

Question 30

According to the text, what is the psychological theme of the anal stage?

A) dependency
B) self-control
C) sexuality
D) trust

Question 31

Allen has just ended his relationship with his longtime girlfriend, Katy. According to the doctrine of opposites, Allen will respond to the breakup by

A) regressing to an earlier stage of development.
B) switching from being an oral character to being an anal character.
C) trying to find a new woman who is very similar to Katy.
D) beginning to despise Katy.

Question 32

Baby Jessica's parents respond to her every need as soon as she cries. Freud would predict that, as an adult, Jessica will

A) be well adjusted.
B) be passive.
C) rebel against authority figures.
D) become sexually promiscuous.

Question 33

Mark never studies for his psychology exams and is consequently flunking his course. He confronts his professor and explains that he expects a higher grade because he really wants an A in the class. Freud would classify Mark as a(n) ________ character.

A) anal
B) narcissistic
C) oral
D) phallic

Question 34

Freud called the fundamental force that was necessary for creation, protection, and enjoyment of life ________. The idea that the basic tendency of ordered systems is toward disorder and chaos is similar to Freud's concept of ________.

A) Thanatos; libido
B) libido; Thanatos
C) the primary process; the secondary process
D) fixation; regression

Question 35

Which of the following is the correct order of Freud's major stages of psychosexual development?

A) anal, oral, genital, phallic
B) anal, oral, phallic, genital
C) oral, anal, genital, phallic
D) oral, anal, phallic, genital

Question 36

Sally tries to keep her distance from other people, especially her boyfriend. How might Freud explain this behavior?

A) Sally's parents spoiled her, and no one else can live up to her expectations.
B) Sally's parents were neglectful and rarely responded to her crying as an infant.
C) Sally had a really bad romantic relationship when she was younger.
D) Sally never resolved her Electra complex.

Question 37

The most common criticism of Freud's ideas today is that ________. The most common criticism of Freud's ideas at the time that it was first introduced was that ________.

A) he placed too much emphasis on sex and sexual energy; he relied too heavily on controlled, systematic studies
B) his theory is unscientific; he placed too much emphasis on sex and sexual energy
C) he relied too heavily on controlled, systematic studies; he placed too much emphasis on sex and sexual energy
D) he maintained that behavior is largely the result of rational thought processes; his theory is unscientific

Question 38

The id is present

A) during the oral stage of development.
B) after the resolution of the oral stage.
C) after the resolution of the anal stage.
D) after the resolution of the phallic stage.

Question 39

Which of the following of Freud's theories is part of modern psychoanalytic thought?

A) Compromise formation is the ego's main job.
B) The mind is divided into three parts.
C) Psychological impulses will build up if they are not expressed.
D) Psychic energy, or libido, is finite.

Question 40

According to Freud, the ego

A) follows the pleasure principle.
B) tries to satisfy urges while acknowledging the constraints of the real world.
C) emerges during the resolution of the Oedipal/Electra complexes.
D) acts like your conscience by avoiding bad behavior and striving for morally correct behavior.

Question 41

What type of primary process thinking refers to the instance where one image represents multiple thoughts, memories, and emotions?

A) condensation
B) displacement
C) regression
D) symbolization

Question 42

The superego maintains its power through its ability to

A) produce dreams.
B) produce fear.
C) use psychic energy.
D) pass moral judgments.

Question 43

Which of the following does NOT develop during the phallic stage?

A) the ego
B) gender identity
C) attitudes about sexuality
D) the superego

Question 44

Which level of the mind did Freud consider to be the MOST important?

A) conscious mind
B) preconscious mind
C) unconscious mind
D) the ego

Question 45

What marks the end of the latency stage?

A) marriage
B) the selection of a career
C) puberty
D) the start of formal education

Question 46

During the anal stage, parents insist that the child ________. Accordingly, an anal character is consistently dealing with issues of ________.

A) remain passive and dependent; dependency and passivity
B) relinquish his or her attachment to the opposite-sex parent; jealousy and sexual identity
C) exhibit self-control and obedience; control and relations to authority
D) be assertive and productive; creation and enhancement of life

Question 47

When she is scared, 25-year-old Maria becomes passive and dependent. Maria is experiencing

A) regression.
B) transference.
C) sublimation.
D) libidinal restructuring.

Question 48

The genital character type

A) tends to be sexually promiscuous.
B) is dependent on other people.
C) is psychologically well adjusted.
D) operates according to the pleasure principle.

Question 49

What differentiates secondary process thinking from primary process thinking?

A) Primary process thinking is impulsive, whereas secondary process thinking is rational.
B) Primary process thinking is rational, whereas secondary process thinking is impulsive.
C) Primary process thinking develops during the anal stage, whereas secondary process thinking develops during the phallic stage.
D) Primary process thinking develops during the oral stage, whereas secondary process thinking develops during the phallic stage.

Question 50

Joe developed a fixation in the phallic stage. When he experiences a great deal of stress at work, Joe will likely become

A) disorganized.
B) uninterested in sex.
C) dependent and passive.
D) overcontrolled and anxious.

Question 51

What term did Freud use to describe the psychological respite or time out that occurs before the genital stage?

A) exploratory stage
B) rest period
C) latency stage
D) moratorium stage

Question 52

The basic developmental task of the phallic stage is

A) the acquisition of gender identity.
B) the development of self-control.
C) forming relationships with an opposite-sex peer.
D) accomplishing learning tasks such as reading and writing.

Question 53

According to Freud, boys and girls figure out what it means to be male and female

A) by being rewarded or punished for gender-appropriate behavior.
B) through the process of identification.
C) during the genital stage of development.
D) during the latency stage of development.

Question 54

Freud often used hypnosis to reveal thoughts from which level of the mind?

A) conscious mind
B) preconscious mind
C) unconscious mind
D) the ego

Question 55

Unconscious thought is generally due to ________, and conscious thought is generally due to ________.

A) primary process thinking; secondary process thinking
B) regression; repression
C) secondary process thinking; primary process thinking
D) superego functioning; id functioning

Question 56

In the last two years, Marcus has had more than three dozen sexual partners. Marcus has likely developed a fixation in the

A) genital stage.
B) oral stage.
C) latency period.
D) phallic stage.

Question 57

Leaving a disproportionate amount of libido behind at a childhood stage of development is called

A) regression.
B) fixation.
C) transference.
D) the secondary process.

Question 58

According to Freud, the physical focus of the phallic stage is the

A) penis for boys and the vagina for girls.
B) anus for boys and the mouth for girls.
C) penis for both boys and girls.
D) womb for boys and the penis for girls.

Question 59

What does Freud mean by identification?

A) the process by which a child takes on attitudes and values of the same-sex parent
B) the ability of a child to recognize attachment figures in his or her world
C) successful recognition and classification of different objects in the child's world
D) the child's ability to have empathy and to identify with another person's situation

Question 60

According to Freud, individuals focus on enhancing society during the ________ stage.

A) latency
B) genital
C) Oedipal
D) phallic

Question 61

Why did Freud counterattack criticisms of his psychoanalytic theory by providing examples of Darwin's theory of evolution and Copernicus's teachings that the earth is not the center of the universe?

A) to emphasize the scientific integrity of his psychoanalytic theory
B) to emphasize that many theories initially do not have much scientific evidence to support them
C) to illustrate that many theories are initially rejected because they make people feel uncomfortable
D) to highlight the evolutionary origins of his own theory

Question 62

Generally speaking, what is the function of a parapraxis?

A) to manifest unconscious conflict in one's behavior
B) to help one talk through psychological issues
C) to comfort, guide, and support the patient through the difficult healing process
D) a means to present explanations in their simplest form

Question 63

During therapy, Bob feels the same hostility toward his therapist that he feels toward his father. What term describes Bob's experience?

A) countertransference
B) displacement
C) regression
D) transference

Question 64

When asked what his definition of mental health was, Freud eloquently said it is the ability to

A) think and learn.
B) engage in therapy and change behavior.
C) love and work.
D) get married and have children.

Question 65

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Freud's views about dreams?

A) Dreams are the result of primary process thinking.
B) Dreams are a way for unconscious thoughts to become conscious.
C) Dreams have meanings that are unique for every individual.
D) Freud eventually developed a formal dream dictionary.

Question 66

The main goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to

A) bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness.
B) teach the client to repress id impulses.
C) regress the client to earlier levels of functioning through hypnosis.
D) have the therapist become emotionally involved with the client.

Question 67

When someone asks how you are currently feeling, what level of consciousness are they accessing?

A) conscious mind
B) preconscious mind
C) unconscious mind
D) the ego

Question 68

According to Freud, what is one's unconscious motivation behind forgetting something?

A) to avoid feeling guilt or shame
B) to avoid thinking about something painful or anxiety producing
C) to handle overly complex, highly stimulating events
D) to combat an inflated ego

Question 69

Which of the following psychological stages is associated with the id?

A) phallic
B) genital
C) oral
D) anal

Question 70

Based on the text, what aspect of Freud's theory provides evidence to support the claim that Freud and psychoanalysis are sexist?

A) the idea that only males could be the norm so females couldn't be used for case studies
B) the idea that the psychological themes related to the phallic stage include love, fear, and jealousy
C) the idea that the side effects of being female include having less self-esteem, less creativity, and less moral fiber
D) the idea that defense mechanisms are only effective for men

Question 71

Freud often developed his theories based on his experiences with patients. Why was this method criticized?

A) His critics were often too specific to individual cases and were not generalizable to others.
B) Because of the patients' privacy, other scientists could never verify the details of his case studies.
C) The majority of his patients were women and thus biased against men.
D) Modern psychoanalytic therapy is very different from Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

Question 72

Eduardo has a reoccurring dream about showing up to his final exam without wearing any clothes. Freud would say which level of consciousness is causing the dream?

A) conscious mind
B) preconscious mind
C) unconscious mind
D) the ego

Question 73

Freud's theory is often criticized for lacking all of the following EXCEPT

A) in-depth observation and analysis of the individual.
B) operational definitions.
C) disconfirmable hypotheses.
D) the use of Occam's razor (i.e., less is more).

Question 74

Bob's therapist started to develop feelings of anger toward Bob during their therapy sessions. What term describes this process?

A) countertransference
B) displacement
C) regression
D) transference

Question 75

If a new friend were to ask you what you had for dinner last night, from what level of consciousness in Freud's topographic model of the mind would your answer be drawn?

A) conscious mind
B) preconscious mind
C) unconscious mind
D) the ego

Question 76

What is another more common name for a parapraxis?

A) Oedipus complex
B) the "talking cure"
C) a "Freudian slip"
D) libido

Question 77

Match each psychological theme with Freud's psychosexual stages.

-Oral stage

A)Dependency
B)Maturity
C)Gender identity and sexuality
D)The opportunity to learn what is needed in adult life
E)Obedience and self-control

Question 78

Which of the following is evidence for Freud's lasting influence on the practice of psychotherapy?

A) everyday explanation of behavior in terms of Freud's defense mechanisms (e.g., sentences like "you're just in denial")
B) widespread psychic diagnoses based on the characters of The Oedipus Plays
C) use of Freud's textbook in universities around the world
D) practicing the "talking cure"

Question 79

Psychoanalysis is often criticized for its ________; however, recent research demonstrates its perceived ________.

A) simplistic explanations; complexity
B) case study method; empirical support
C) low cure rate; long-term effectiveness
D) sexism; gender equality

Question 80

Which of the following examples best illustrates the forgetting parapraxes?

A) mistakenly saying the name of a former significant lover to a current boyfriend or girlfriend
B) a student who can't remember the name of their professor
C) an athlete missing an easy goal during an important game
D) calling students "infants" by mistake