Deck 13: Cognition and Emotion

Question 1

The drawing of attention to emotional stimuli is more likely to involve the __________ and a reduction in __________.

A)amygdala; conscious control
B)amygdala; implicit control
C)prefontal cortex; conscious control
D)prefontal cortex; implicit control

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Emotions can best be described as __________.

A)monotonic
B)elliptical
C)logically formal
D)multidimensional

Answer 2

D

Question 3

If an emotional item occurs during the "moment" of an attentional blink,that item will __________.

A)exert a stronger influence over the processing of other items
B)exert a weaker influence over the processing of other items
C)be less likely to be identified
D)be more likely to be identified

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The emotional Stroop task __________.

A)reflects emotional responses to having attention divided
B)assesses color name in the presence of emotional words
C)has not been successful
D)has not been empirically validated

Question 5

For emotion,"intensity" refers to::

A)How positive or negative an emotion is
B)How strong an emotion is
C)The degree to which it conforms to other people's emotions
D)The complexity of an emotion

Question 6

Perceptual recognition is __________ for emotional stimuli.

A)faster
B)slower
C)simplified
D)complicated

Question 7

The strong ties the amygdala has with sensory information allow for __________.

A)rapid responding to biologically significant events
B)forward thinking with the frontal lobes
C)a more analytic analysis of perceptual images
D)rapid rejection of salient information in the immediate environment

Question 8

What is emotion?

A)a state of mind
B)a physiological response
C)both A and B
D)an illusion of cognition

Question 9

Consciously directing attention away from a person will later cause you to __________.

A)find it easier to perceive that person
B)have trouble perceiving that person
C)like that person more
D)like that person less

Question 10

Which neurological structure is important for processing emotions?

A)occipital lobe
B)olfactory bulb
C)amygdala
D)projective neural cluster

Question 11

The person who was less able to control his emotions following a traumatic railroad construction accident when a tamping rod was blown through his brain was __________.

A)Paul Broca
B)Clem Parsons
C)Mordacai Morgan
D)Phineas Gage

Question 12

For emotional stimuli,perceptual processing is increased in the __________.

A)corpus callosum
B)olfactory bulb
C)occipital lobe
D)pons

Question 13

On an emotional Stroop task,if the word "pain" is presented in blue,people will __________.

A)name the word faster
B)name the word slower
C)name the color slower
D)name the color faster

Question 14

If you are afraid of heights,when standing on a balcony looking down,your emotional response will make your estimates of the distance to the ground __________.

A)less distorted
B)more variable
C)larger than actual
D)smaller than actual

Question 15

The emotional Stroop task has NOT been used to study __________.

A)depression
B)anxiety
C)post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
D)dyslexia

Question 16

Which neurological structure is important for processing emotions?

A)anterior cingulate
B)dorso-lateral homunculus
C)ventro-medial prefrontal cortex
D)inferior-parietal lobule

Question 17

The presence of an emotional target in a visual search display make the detection of that target __________.

A)slower
B)quicker
C)complicated
D)redundant

Question 18

If there is an emotional relevant stimulus in the environment,such as a spider,the effect it will have on attention will be to __________.

A)direct it toward that thing
B)direct it away from that thing
C)reduce the amount of resources available
D)reduce long-term control over attention

Question 19

For emotional stimuli,there is a(n)__________ in the perceptual processing of details.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)leveling
D)convoluting

Question 20

For emotion,"valence" refers to __________.

A)how positive or negative an emotion is
B)how strong an emotion is
C)the degree to which it conforms to other people's emotions
D)the complexity of an emotion

Question 21

Which of the following is the most important factor in influencing whether an emotional event is remembered?

A)the valence of the memory
B)its intensity
C)the number of emotions experienced
D)the complexity of the emotion experienced

Question 22

People remember emotional information better because that information is __________.

A)more important to us
B)activating more brain structures
C)more distinctive
D)all of the above

Question 23

Suppressing your emotions causes later __________.

A)emotional outbursts
B)psychopathology
C)misunderstandings
D)reductions in self-control

Question 24

When emotional items,such as words,are encountered,what does the do to brain activity?

A)It can suppress it.
B)It can increase it.
C)There is an increase in lateralized processing.
D)There is a decrease in lateralized processing.

Question 25

If an emotional picture is presented after an item the subject tried to recall,as in the Finn and Roediger (2011)study,then memory for those items will be __________.

A)impaired due to increased effort
B)improved due to increased effort
C)impaired during reconsolidation
D)improved during reconsolidation

Question 26

Improved access to information in long-term memory that is consistent with one's current mood is called __________.

A)mood-dependent memory
B)mood-congruent memory
C)mood-induced memory
D)mood-reflective memory

Question 27

Compared to neutral information,emotional information is remembered __________.

A)better
B)in less detail
C)more slowly
D)pragmatically

Question 28

Flashbulb memories are always highly accurate.

A)false
B)true
C)It depends.
D)only when they are emotional

Question 29

Mood-congruent memory is __________.

A)better memory retrieval when one is in a positive mood
B)better memory retrieval when one is in a negative mood
C)improved access to information in long-term memory that is consistent with one's current mood
D)finding it easier to remember things when your moods at encoding and retrieval are the same

Question 30

The idea that memory is better at moderate levels of emotional intensity is consistent with __________.

A)Easterbrook hypothesis
B)the Yerkes-Dodson law
C)von Restorff effect
D)mood-congruent memory

Question 31

According to the Easterbrook hypothesis,we have poorer overall memory at high levels of emotional intensity because __________.

A)the neurological system is overwhelmed with all of the extra processing
B)we can no longer effectively direct our attention to important things
C)attention is focused on the central aspects of an event at the expense of peripheral aspects
D)the amygdala takes over and shuts down processing in the hippocampus

Question 32

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law,memory is worse at __________.

A)low levels of emotional intensity
B)high levels of emotional intensity
C)low and high levels of emotional intensity
D)moderate levels of emotional intensity

Question 33

Improved access to information in long-term memory when one's mood at retrieval is the same as one's mood at encoding is called __________.

A)mood-dependent memory
B)mood-congruent memory
C)mood-induced memory
D)mood-reflective memory

Question 34

Flashbulb memories are more likely to change for __________ memories.

A)negative
B)positive
C)intense
D)calm

Question 35

What part of the brain is heavily involved in the creation of emotionally laden memories?

A)amygdala
B)precuneus
C)corpus callosum
D)tegmentum

Question 36

Suppressing emotions may drain resources in what part of the brain?

A)tectum
B)angular cingulate cortex
C)hippocampus
D)occipital lobe

Question 37

In order for a flashbulb memory to be created,you need __________.

A)the event to be surprising
B)to experience the event as important
C)to have an emotional response
D)all of the above

Question 38

What kind of information is better remembered in flashbulb memories comported to normal memories?

A)details
B)information about surprising events
C)false memories
D)all of the above

Question 39

Mood-dependent memory is __________.

A)finding it easier to remember things when your moods at encoding and retrieval are the same
B)improved access to information in long-term memory that is consistent with one's current mood
C)better memory retrieval when one is in a positive mood
D)better memory retrieval when one is in a negative mood

Question 40

If the amygdala is damaged,classical conditioning to aversive stimuli may be __________.

A)magnified
B)eliminated
C)reversed
D)transmogrified

Question 41

Understanding emotion involves some element of __________.

A)recursion
B)perspective taking
C)modeling
D)segmenting

Question 42

Performance pressure that is oriented towards the end result of a task is called __________.

A)outcome-based
B)monitoring
C)choking
D)stress

Question 43

How is emotion processed at the situation model level of language comprehension?

A)People only determine it if it is explicitly pointed out.
B)People track it and update it when it changes.
C)only in terms of the reader's emotional response to what is being read
D)only in terms of the emotions a story character is experiencing

Question 44

Emotional stress can result in __________.

A)increased cardiovascular efficiency
B)decreased gastrointestinal control
C)increased gastrointestinal control
D)decreased cardiovascular efficiency

Question 45

Emotional stress can sometimes impede performance because a person's working memory __________.

A)has a heightened level of capacity
B)becomes entirely centered on the visuospatial sketchpad
C)is occupied with off-topic thoughts
D)stops working

Question 46

The up and down changes in pitch when one speaks are called __________.

A)prosody
B)articulation
C)enunciation
D)emoting

Question 47

Emotional information in a story is strongly tied to character __________.

A)manifestations
B)goals
C)propositions
D)stigmata

Question 48

The weapon focus effect is __________.

A)when the presence of a weapon causes you to retrieve violence-related memories
B)the inability to focus on a weapon present in a scene because it is so aversive
C)the inverse of tunnel memories
D)poorer memory for other event details when a weapon is present

Question 49

Processing emotion in language can be impeded if the __________ is damaged.

A)pons
B)corpus callosum
C)amygdala
D)left hemisphere

Question 50

Prosody is __________.

A)the manual gesture that accompanies speaking
B)the facial expression that accompanies speaking
C)the accent one speaks with
D)the up and down pitch of speech to convey emotions

Question 51

Emotional prosody is processed more by __________.

A)the motor cortex
B)the angular cingulate
C)the left hemisphere
D)the right hemisphere

Question 52

Prosody is to speaking as __________ is to __________.

A)quotes; typing
B)emoticons; texting
C)fingers; signing
D)cursive; writing

Question 53

What influence do emotions have on the processing of otherwise abstract words,like "redemption"?

A)They make them easier to process.
B)They make them harder to process.
C)Emotion is not involved with abstract words.
D)It depends on the valence of the emotion.

Question 54

People represent the experience of emotion in a described event __________.

A)internally,as the character experiences it
B)externally,as an observer would experience it
C)both A and B
D)only by the reader

Question 55

Performing below one's normal level of performance because of emotional stress is called __________.

A)whiffing it
B)choking under pressure
C)crumbling under the stress
D)blanking out

Question 56

What is "choking under pressure"?

A)letting your emotions run wild
B)when true performance levels are revealed
C)below-typical performance as a result of stress
D)allowing the unconscious to take over

Question 57

Outcome-based pressure is caused by __________.

A)automatic processes being disrupted by conscious ones
B)emotional overload
C)the intrusion of irrelevant thoughts
D)knowing that stress can impair your outcome

Question 58

At high levels of emotional intensity,better memory for central details of an event result in __________ memories.

A)Easterbrook
B)flashbulb
C)tunnel
D)tensor

Question 59

Prosody is carried by __________.

A)the semantics of what is said
B)emotional overtones
C)hand gestures
D)the speech signal

Question 60

Performance pressure that is oriented towards how a task is done is called __________.

A)outcome-based
B)monitoring
C)choking
D)stress

Question 61

Outcome-based pressure can be overcome by __________.

A)focusing on how a task is being done
B)thinking about what a relief it will be when the task is over
C)imagining the end result
D)lowering one's expectations

Question 62

The amygdala is an important neurological structure for processing emotions.

Question 63

Emotion is independent of cognition.

Question 64

Emotional information can modify previous memories during reconsolidation.

Question 65

The only important dimension of emotion is valence.

Question 66

Emotional information is typically remembered better than neutral information.

Question 67

Emotions can meaningfully affect perceptual processes.

Question 68

Stress can actually improve performance when it is viewed as __________.

A)outcome-based
B)monitoring in nature
C)a challenge
D)chokeless

Question 69

Flashbulb memories can sometimes contain errors.

Question 70

Monitoring pressure can be overcome by __________.

A)focusing on how a task is being done
B)thinking about what a relief it will be when the task is over
C)lowering one's expectations
D)imagining the end result

Question 71

Emotional items facilitate performance on the Stroop task.

Question 72

Mood-dependent memory means that it is easier to remember when your mood state at retrieval is the same as it was at encoding.

Question 73

Stereotype threat is __________.

A)doing worse because of the activation of negative stereotype about oneself
B)negative responses to a person who makes decisions based on stereotypes
C)threating someone else based on your negative stereotypes
D)the threat of legal action resulting from having been found to make decisions using stereotypes

Question 74

Monitoring pressure is caused by __________.

A)emotional overload
B)the intrusion of irrelevant thoughts
C)knowing that stress can impair your outcome
D)automatic processes being disrupted by conscious ones

Question 75

The Yerkes-Dodson law states the moderately emotional events are remembered worst.

Question 76

What is the term for when a person performs poorly on an exam after they are reminded (even subtly)that they are a member of a minority group?

A)prejudicial performance
B)stereotype threat
C)cultural bias
D)social stigmata

Question 77

Mood-congruent memory means that it is easier to remember when your mood state at retrieval is the same as it was at encoding.

Question 78

If the amygdala is damaged,people can still show basic classically conditioned emotional responses.

Question 79

Suppressing emotions gives you greater attentional control later.

Question 80

Emotional memories benefit less from the consolidation process that occurs during sleep.