Deck 1: Assessment and Clinical Decision Making: an Overview

Question 1

Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:

A) Chief complaint
B) Current vital signs
C) History of the present illness
D) Review of systems

Answer 1

Current vital signs

Question 2

Which type of clinical decision making is most reliable?

A) Analytical I
B) Augenblink
C) Experiential
D) Intuitive

Answer 2

Analytical I

Question 3

While reading an article on hypothyroidism, you find a helpful graphic depiction of the decision-making process recommended by the authors to find a definitive diagnosis. This graphic is an example of:

A) A clinical prediction tool
B) Clinical guidelines
C) A decision tree
D) A diagnostic finding guide

Answer 3

A decision tree

Question 4

A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:

A) Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B) Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
C) Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D) Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease

Question 5

Which of the following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision making?

A) An algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B) Clinical practice guidelines
C) Evidence-based research
D) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics?

A) Evidence-based investigations
B) Primary reports of research
C) Estimation based on a provider's experience
D) Published meta-analyses

Question 7

If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates:

A) A high percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B) A high percentage of persons without the condition will have inconclusive results
C) A low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D) A low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result

Question 8

You are using the PQRST approach while completing the history of present illness for a patient complaining of pain. Which of the following questions is relevant to the "P" portion of this approach?

A) How would you describe your pain?
B) Can you point to the area of most severe pain?
C) How has your pain changed since you first noticed it?
D) What makes the pain worse or better?

Question 9

If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates:

A) A low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B) A high percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C) A high percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D) A low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result

Question 10

Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as an evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or patients?

A) Clinical practice guideline
B) Clinical decision rule
C) Clinical algorithm
D) Clinical recommendation