Deck 11: Offenders Supervised in the Community

Question 1

In which of the following is a probation order imposed with another punishment?

A)dual sentence
B)split sentence
C)multiple sentence
D)divided sentence

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What was the most common offence in the category of crimes against the person receiving the sentence of probation during 2014-2015?

A)criminal harassment (stalking)
B)assault with a weapon
C)kidnapping
D)uttering threats

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What was the most common offence in the category of crimes against property receiving the sentence of probation during 2014-15?

A)break and enter
B)mischief
C)theft under $5,000
D)fraud

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Of the 3,621 male inmates who applied for full parole in 2016-2017, what percentage succeeded?

A)34 percent
B)46 percent
C)66 percent
D)73 percent

Question 5

Which of the following is an optional condition for a conditional sentence?

A)appearing before the court when so ordered
B)reporting to a probation officer when so ordered
C)informing the court of a change of address
D)drug counselling

Question 6

So'Lanna is a judge who decides there is a possibility that an offender is a high-risk threat to the safety of the community. For how many years can she place the offender on probation?

A)7
B)10
C)12
D)15

Question 7

Which level of government is responsible for the administration of adult correctional services in Canada?

A)federal
B)provincial
C)territorial
D)federal and provincial/territorial

Question 8

Which level of government is responsible for the administration of probation in Canada?

A)federal
B)provincial
C)territorial
D)federal and provincial/territorial

Question 9

What is the median length of probation orders in Canada?

A)6 months
B)12 months
C)18 months
D)24 months

Question 10

Of the 295 women serving a federal sentence who applied for full parole, what percentage succeeded?

A)34 percent
B)46 percent
C)66 percent
D)73 percent

Question 11

Wei has been given a conditional sentence for the crime she recently committed. Which of the following is an example of an optional condition she might be given?

A)substance abuse treatment
B)law-abiding behaviour
C)appear in court when ordered
D)notify the court of any change of address

Question 12

Sonja is a judge and is sentencing an individual to probation for committing a violent crime. Which of the following is a basis for her decision?

A)the offence was not serious
B)the offender had a lengthy stay in remand
C)there was no need to protect the community
D)no room was available to incarcerate the offender

Question 13

According to the Criminal Code, when can a conditional sentence be imposed?

A)when the Criminal Code does not specify a minimum term of imprisonment
B)when the Criminal Code sets a minimum term of two years' imprisonment
C)when the Court sets a minimum term of five years' imprisonment
D)when the Court imposes a sentence of over five years

Question 14

What is the maximum length of a probation order for adult offenders?

A)1 year
B)2 years
C)3 years
D)4 years

Question 15

In 2016-2017, what percentage of federal and provincial applicants for full parole succeeded?

A)35 percent
B)40 percent
C)45 percent
D)50 percent

Question 16

What was the most common offence in the category of "other Criminal Code" receiving the sentence of probation during 2014-2015?

A)weapons
B)mischief
C)failure to pay a fine
D)failure to contact a probation officer

Question 17

When a judge sentences an individual to a conditional sentence, which of the following principles is the judge intending to fulfill?

A)restorative justice
B)denunciation
C)incapacitation
D)healing

Question 18

In 1974, Robert Martinson published an article questioning the very existence of rehabilitation. Which phrase became an instance cliché for critics?

A)nothing works
B)everything works
C)rehabilitation works
D)zero works

Question 19

In 2014-2015, how many offences had a median length of probation of 545 days or longer?

A)three
B)six
C)nine
D)twelve

Question 20

Lowanna receives probation that contains optional conditions for her sentence. Which of the following is an optional condition of a probation order?

A)remaining within a particular location
B)keeping the peace
C)drug counselling
D)notifying the court of an address change

Question 21

What are probation officers, whose primary task is to help offenders adjust to society, regarded as?

A)caseworkers
B)public servants
C)almoners
D)welfare workers

Question 22

What occurs when offenders are diverted into a new program even though they are not really the individuals for whom the program was originally intended?

A)least restrictive alternative
B)net widening
C)parsimony
D)alternative sanctions

Question 23

What is the most common form of intermediate punishment?

A)home confinement
B)intensive supervision probation
C)electronic monitoring
D)incarceration

Question 24

Which of the following is a component of the "penal harm movement" according to Clear?

A)the root causes of crime will be discovered
B)chromic offenders will be rehabilitated
C)society will be safer with more people incarcerated
D)more effective programs to rehabilitative offenders will be developed

Question 25

Roberts and Gabor found that there had been net widening in five of the nine provinces they studied, and that the national effect of this was what percentage??

A)1 percent
B)5 percent
C)10 percent
D)15 percent

Question 26

Offences for which the law prescribes a maximum sentence of what amount of time were excluded from being used under Bill C-10?

A)2 years
B)5 years
C)10 years
D)14 years or life

Question 27

Intermediate sanctions were originally based upon what perspective?

A)deterrence
B)selective incapacitation
C)justice model
D)healing

Question 28

According to Petersilia, which of the following assumptions was the basis for the rapid expansion of intensive supervision probation programs?

A)less emphasis upon crime control compared to regular probation
B)programs are more cost-effective
C)most offenders present only a minimum risk
D)supervision of offenders is strictly enforced

Question 29

Why have intermediate sanctions become so popular?

A)some locations require participants to help pay for the program
B)there are increased rates of deterrence
C)the root causes of crime can be dealt with more effectively
D)they increase the length of sentences

Question 30

What have intensive supervision probation programs succeeded in achieving according to Tonry?

A)the goal of deterrence
B)latent bureaucratic goals
C)courtroom workgroup goals
D)public safety goals

Question 31

What is the primary objective of probation?

A)restorative justice
B)deterrence
C)incapacitation
D)rehabilitation

Question 32

What are intensive supervision probation programs designed for?

A)punishment
B)leniency
C)restoration
D)rehabilitation

Question 33

In what case did the Supreme Court hold that conditional sentences should include house arrest as the norm?

A)R. v. Proulx
B)R. v. Phillon
C)R. v. Gladue
D)R. v. Wells

Question 34

Which principle characterizes intensive supervision probation systems?

A)Supervision is limited.
B)Supervision is incomplete.
C)Supervision is rarely enforced.
D)Supervision is ubiquitous.

Question 35

The CSC has decided to implement a new program in 2015 for high-risk criminals. Yesim is arrested and convicted of a high-risk crime. Which of the following might Yesim's sentence involve?

A)home confinement
B)probation
C)parole
D)electronic monitoring

Question 36

Daghan is a judge who has sentenced many offenders to home confinement and electronic monitoring programs. What would be his traditional target group?

A)property offenders
B)low-risk offenders
C)high-risk offenders
D)medium-risk offenders

Question 37

What is documented in the evaluation studies of intensive supervision probation programs?

A)Most program participants were prison-bound offenders.
B)Recidivism rates were lower when a rehabilitation component was included.
C)Program participation led to a decrease in criminal activity.
D)Re-arrest rates of program participants decreased when they were placed under increased control.

Question 38

What approach has traditionally been used by community corrections to deal with offenders?

A)rehabilitation
B)deterrence
C)justice model
D)restorative justice

Question 39

According to Gendreau and Little, which of the following is necessary for intermediate sanctions to be successful?

A)They must be extensive.
B)They must be based on the social roots of criminal behaviour.
C)They must be lacking in accountability.
D)They must be structured.

Question 40

What did the study of intensive supervision probation programs by Gendreau and Little document?

A)The programs must be structured.
B)High-risk clients fared no better than regular probationers.
C)Offenders on intensive supervision probation programs had higher recidivism rates.
D)Offenders on intensive supervision probation programs received fewer rehabilitation services.

Question 41

How much on average did Renzema and Skelton say the fee was to offenders participating in intermediate punishments?

A)$150
B)$200
C)$250
D)$300

Question 42

During 2014-2015, sentences of a fine were most frequently imposed on which types of cases?

A)impaired driving
B)drug possession
C)Criminal Code traffic offences
D)failure to appear

Question 43

Which of the following is a factor that the Parole Board of Canada uses to measure the effectiveness of conditional release?

A)post-warrant expiry recidivism
B)the rate of refusal of offenders to go on any type of conditional release program
C)the reduction of criminogenic needs of offenders
D)pre-warrant expiry recidivism

Question 44

According to Petersilia and Turner, the large number of technical violations, revocations, and incarcerations, and the cost of court appearances resulted in intermediate sanctions programs being how much more expensive than routine probation and parole supervision?

A)twice as much
B)three times as much
C)four times as much
D)five times as much

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a conditional release program?

A)full parole
B)day parole
C)temporary absences
D)home confinement

Question 46

Mia's father has fallen ill with cancer and only has three months to live. What type of temporary absence could Mia seek?

A)Medical
B)Compassionate
C)Administrative
D)family and community contact

Question 47

In 2014-2015, fines were imposed in what percentage of guilty cases in Canada?

A)29 percent
B)31 percent
C)46 percent
D)57 percent

Question 48

Which group of inmates did Howard Sapers, the Correctional Investigator, note had increased in numbers due to the government abolishing APR?

A)non-violent offenders
B)violent offenders
C)male offenders
D)female offenders

Question 49

In 2014-2015, what was the median amount for all fines?

A)$250
B)$500
C)$800
D)$1,000

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a goal that is considered in evaluating intermediate sanctions?

A)reducing prison populations
B)saving money
C)raising money
D)deterring crime

Question 51

When do federal and provincial/territorial offenders become eligible for parole?

A)three months before they are eligible for full parole
B)six months before they are eligible for full parole
C)nine months before they are eligible for full parole
D)one year before they are eligible for full parole

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of problem-solving courts?

A)individualized justice
B)less treatment
C)offender accountability
D)support by participants of procedural justice

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT an example of a reason for a temporary absence?

A)medical
B)family and community contact
C)religious
D)administrative

Question 54

In 2016-2017, what was the percentage of the success rate for all offenders on full parole?

A)below 15 percent
B)almost 30 percent
C)between 40 and 60 percent
D)almost 90 percent

Question 55

Which common principle and practice of problem-solving courts would have an offender participate in a tailored job-training service?

A)community engagement
B)collaboration
C)individualized justice
D)accountability

Question 56

Due to high unemployment, fines are not a reasonable option for which group of offenders?

A)Black
B)Indigenous
C)Hispanic
D)Caucasian

Question 57

In most years, what percentage of applications succeed in being granted parole?

A)fewer than 25 percent
B)fewer than 50 percent
C)fewer than 60 percent
D)fewer than 75 percent

Question 58

What type of fine satisfies the idea of proportionality by assessing an offender's net income as well as the seriousness of the crime?

A)day fines
B)current flexible-income fines
C)fine evaluation programs
D)current fixed-income fines

Question 59

Buffy is designing an intermediate sanction program. What type of cost savings as compared to regular probation should she expect, based on the research of Petersilia and Turner?

A)no cost savings whatsoever
B)minimal cost savings
C)significant cost savings
D)significant cost savings, but only for property offenders

Question 60

At what time can an inmate apply for full parole in the federal correctional system?

A)after serving half of his/her time or seven years
B)after serving one-third of his/her time or five years
C)after serving one-third of his/her time or seven years
D)after serving half of his/her time or five years

Question 61

The majority of convicted people spend their sentence incarcerated.

Question 62

Which common principle and practice of problem-solving courts would have an offender participate in regular compliance monitoring?

A)community engagement
B)collaboration
C)individualized justice
D)accountability

Question 63

In 2016-2017, on an average day, there was a two percent decrease from the previous year in adults in custody, including provincial/territorial and federal custody.

Question 64

Probation has existed in Canada for more than a century.

Question 65

Information on adults in the correctional system is generally analyzed using average counts or admissions data.

Question 66

Generally, the federal correctional system has jurisdiction over offenders serving a sentence of custody of two years or more and offenders on conditional release in the community.

Question 67

In 2016-2017, data on the initial entry of adults into correctional services were available for all provinces.

Question 68

In 2016-2017, on an average day, there was a four percent decrease from 2012-2013 in adults in custody, including provincial/territorial and federal custody.

Question 69

Both probation and conditional sentences have increased since 2013-2014.

Question 70

Rottman (1996) identified one type of community court where certain types of criminal cases went back into the community through the use of local or "branch" courts. Where is the most famous example of this approach located?

A)New York City
B)Boston
C)Chicago
D)Miami

Question 71

The three main alternatives to imprisonment used in conjunction with the correctional system in Canada are intensive supervision probation, home confinement, and electronic monitoring.

Question 72

Many of the community corrections programs are available across Canada and in every jurisdiction.

Question 73

In 2010-2011, what percentage of women offenders received some mental health care intervention as reported by Correctional Service Canada?

A)50 percent
B)62 percent
C)69 percent
D)78 percent

Question 74

The administration of adult correctional services in Canada is a shared responsibility between the federal and provincial/territorial governments.

Question 75

Conditional sentences were not implemented in Canada until 1996 as part of the package of reforms proclaimed when Bill C-41 was passed.

Question 76

Which of the following is NOT a goal of community-oriented lawyering?

A)prevention and reduction of disorder and crime
B)restoration of victims and communities
C)empowerment of local citizens
D)empowerment of local court workers

Question 77

While probation made up the lowest proportion of total entries (seven percent) into community supervision among the six reporting provinces in 2016-2017, the number of individuals who were sentenced to custody was high (27 percent).

Question 78

Which of the following focuses upon the belief that crime is also a social problem that impacts life within the community?

A)community justice
B)community policing
C)community denunciation
D)community efficacy

Question 79

Most adults in the provincial and territorial correctional systems in 2016-2017 (79 percent) were supervised in the community.

Question 80

Community correctional services are responsible for drafting presentence reports and operating fine option programs.