Deck 18 (MR): The Urinary System

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of the kidneys and acid-base balance (Select all that apply)?

A)If body fluids become too acidic,the kidneys will secrete H+ ions into the renal filtrate.
B)Kidney cells can obtain H+ ions from the reaction of CO2 and H2O to form carbonic acid.
C)The bicarbonate buffer system is a mechanism for the kidneys to get rid of excess H+ ions and thereby lower the pH of body fluids.
D)The kidneys help maintain the normal pH range of blood of 7.30 to 7.40.

Answer 1

A,B

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of urine and waste products (Select all that apply)?

A)The average pH range of normal urine is 2.5 to 10.5.
B)Glycosuria is the result of a low blood glucose level.
C)Ketonuria is the result of greater reliance on carbohydrates for energy.
D)Urea is a nitrogenous waste product that comes from the metabolism of nucleic acids.
E)Normal urine is often a straw color,and the lighter the color,the lower the specific gravity.
F)The average amount of urine voided per 24 hours is 0.5 to 3.5 liters.
G)If bacterial infection makes the glomeruli more permeable,both bacteruria and proteinuria may be consequences.
H)If kidney function decreases,the blood level of creatinine will increase.

Answer 2

E,G,H

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of tubular secretion (Select all that apply)?

A)Hydrogen ions may be secreted in response to a decrease in the pH of the blood.
B)The metabolic products of medications may be secreted into the peritubular capillaries.
C)Creatinine is a nitrogenous waste product that may be actively secreted.
D)Tubular secretion takes place from the renal tubules to the peritubular capillaries.

Answer 3

A,C

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of hormone effects on the kidneys (Select all that apply)?

A)ADH increases the reabsorption of water,but has no effect on sodium.
B)Parathyroid hormone increases the secretion of calcium ions into the renal filtrate.
C)ANP increases the secretion of potassium ions into the renal filtrate.
D)Aldosterone indirectly increases the reabsorption of water because it directly increases the reabsorption of sodium ions.
E)The hormones that help preserve blood volume and raise blood pressure are ADH and aldosterone.f.Aldosterone increases the secretion of potassium ions into the renal filtrate.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of the urination reflex (Select all that apply)?

A)This is a flexor reflex over which we may exert voluntary control.
B)The effector of the reflex is the detrusor muscle,which contracts.
C)The stimulus for the reflex is stretching of the external urethral sphincter.
D)The part of the CNS directly involved in the reflex is the spinal cord.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the locations of the organs of the urinary system (Select all that apply)?

A)Each ureter extends from the real cortex to the urinary bladder.
B)The urethra in men is posterior to the rectum.
C)The kidneys are lateral to the backbone and anterior to the peritoneum.
D)The urinary bladder is behind the pubic bones.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of the kidneys and renin (Select all that apply)?

A)Renin is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when blood pressure rises too high.
B)One function of angiotensin II is to increase vasoconstriction.
C)The secretion of aldosterone is increased by angiotensinogen.
D)The renin-angiotensin mechanism is a negative feedback mechanism.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of tubular reabsorption (Select all that apply)?

A)Positive ions are reabsorbed by active transport.
B)Water and negative ions are reabsorbed by osmosis.
C)Cells in the proximal convoluted tubule have cilia to increase their surface area for absorption.
D)Glucose is reabsorbed by active transport and has a threshold level.
E)Water-soluble vitamins are reabsorbed by active transport and do not have threshold levels.
F)Small proteins are reabsorbed by pinocytosis.
G)Approximately 99% of the renal filtrate formed is reabsorbed.
H)Tubular reabsorption takes place from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubules.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of the blood vessels of the kidney (Select all that apply)?

A)Peritubular capillaries surround the renal corpuscle.
B)The renal artery is a direct branch of the abdominal aorta.
C)Blood pressure in the glomeruli is lower than in other capillaries,which is necessary to prevent rupture.
D)The afferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than does the efferent arteriole.
E)The "work" of the kidneys takes place in the two sets of capillaries.
F)The renal vein takes blood to the inferior mesenteric vein.

Question 10

Which of the following statements are true of nephrons (Select all that apply)?

A)A nephron changes blood plasma to renal filtrate and then to urine.
B)A renal tubule consists of a proximal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,distal convoluted tubule,and collecting tubule.
C)The first step in the formation of urine is filtration,which takes place in the renal corpuscle from a glomerulus to a Bowman's capsule.
D)Glomerular capillaries are more permeable than are other capillaries.
E)Podocytes are the inner layer of Bowman's capsule,and as a layer are very permeable.f.Filtration of plasma separates materials based on size; that is,larger materials remain in the blood.

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true of the kidneys and erythropoietin (Select all that apply)?

A)A person with chronic kidney failure may have chronic anemia as well.
B)The stimulus for secretion of erythropoietin is hypoxia.
C)The target tissue of erythropoietin is the red bone marrow.
D)Erythropoietin simulates increased production of all of the kinds of blood cells.

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of the internal structure of the kidney (Select all that apply)?

A)The renal cortex consists of small segments called renal pyramids.
B)The renal pelvis has extensions called calyces to collect urine.
C)The outermost tissue layer is the renal medulla,which is made of renal corpuscles.
D)The renal artery enters the kidney at the hilus on the lateral side.
E)Collecting tubules extend to the apex of each renal pyramid.
F)The capillaries of the kidneys are the glomeruli and the peritubular capillaries.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of the ureter,urinary bladder,and urethra (Select all that apply)?

A)Peristalsis of the ureters is the function of their smooth muscle.
B)The spherical detrusor muscle is smooth muscle that forms the wall of the bladder.
C)In men,the urethra passes through the prostate gland and penis.
D)The internal urethral sphincter is striated muscle at the junction of the bladder and urethra.
E)The transitional epithelium of the bladder absorbs water to concentrate the urine. f.The external urethral sphincter is striated muscle that is under parasympathetic control.