Deck 9: Validity,reliability,and Triangulated Strategies

Question 1

Which of the following refers to 'the use of one technique to measure different things should yield different results'?

A)Divergence
B)Convergence
C)Discrimination
D)None of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following types of reliability asks the question 'when the same instrument is administered at least twice to the same group,are the results or scores the same or stable)'?

A)Test-retest
B)Multiple forms
C)Split-half technique
D)Zero-absolute

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following involves the use of multiple methods to measure multiple traits?

A)Poly-validation
B)Multi-validation
C)Convergent-discriminant validation
D)None of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following types of reliability asks the question 'does the administration of a disguised or alternate version of the same instrument to the same group result in the same stable)score's?

A)Test-retest
B)Multiple forms
C)Split-half technique
D)Zero-absolute

Question 5

Which of the following refers to the use of multiple measures of the same concept?

A)Triangulation
B)Dead-reckoning
C)Zero-absolute
D)None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is another term for invalidity,and sources of potential error or invalidity are ever present,even in some of the best research?

A)Mistake
B)Error
C)Fault
D)Gaffe

Question 7

Which of the following types of validity asks the question 'does the instrument work in practically distinguishing current status concurrent validity)or future outcomes predictive validity)of the concept being measured'?

A)Face validity
B)Content validity
C)Construct validity
D)Pragmatic validity

Question 8

Which of the following types of validity asks the question 'does the instrument in fact measure the concept in question'?

A)Face validity
B)Content validity
C)Construct validity
D)Pragmatic validity

Question 9

Which of the following refers to the different measures of the same concept should yield similar results,whereas the same measure of different concepts should yield differ results?

A)Content
B)Construct
C)Pragmatic
D)Convergent-discriminant

Question 10

Which of the following are considered valid reasons for the lack of validation studies in criminal justice?

A)Unfavorable climate
B)Interjurisdictional disputes
C)Tradition
D)All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following refers to the accuracy of the scale or measurement in tapping the correct concept or construct?

A)Content validity
B)Construct validity
C)Pragmatic validity
D)Convergent-discriminant validation

Question 12

Which of the following refers to the accuracy of the measuring instrument in predicting current status or future status?

A)Content validity
B)Construct validity
C)Pragmatic validity
D)Convergent-discriminant validation

Question 13

Which of the following refers to 'the use of different techniques to measure the same concept should yield the same findings'?

A)Divergence
B)Convergence
C)Discrimination
D)None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following refers to the accuracy of measurement;does my measuring instrument in fact measure what it claims to measure?

A)Validity
B)Reliability
C)Accuracy
D)None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following refers to the accuracy of individual items in a scale in measuring the concept being measured?

A)Content validity
B)Construct validity
C)Pragmatic validity
D)Convergent-discriminant validation

Question 16

Which of the following types of validity asks the question 'does each item or the content of the instrument measure the concept in question'?

A)Face validity
B)Content validity
C)Construct validity
D)Pragmatic validity

Question 17

Which of the following refers to consistency and/or stability of a measuring instrument?

A)Validity
B)Reliability
C)Accuracy
D)None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following types of reliability asks the question 'in the administration of the instrument to one group at one time,are separate halves of the instrument similar in response are they consistent)'?

A)Test-retest
B)Multiple forms
C)Split-half
D)Zero-absolute

Question 19

Which of the following types of validity asks the question 'does the measuring instrument appear "at face value" to be measuring what I am attempting to measure'?

A)Face validity
B)Content validity
C)Construct validity
D)Pragmatic validity

Question 20

Which of the following refers to the accuracy of the instrument in measuring that which is intended?

A)Accurate validity
B)Face validity
C)Exact validity
D)True measurement

Question 21

The use of multiple methods to measure the same phenomenon is also referred to as triangulation.

Question 22

Content validity sometimes called concept validity)is perhaps the most theoretical and philosophically basic question.

Question 23

Which of the following are triangulated strategies for examining crime in public housing?

A)Police department records including National Incident-Based Recording System data
B)Mortality and morbidity data for intentional injuries
C)Annual tenant surveys can measure crime rates,residents' fear of crime,victimization rates of residents,and crime hot spots
D)All of the above

Question 24

Reliability asks,"Does my measuring instrument in fact measure what it claims to measure?" "Is it an accurate or true measure of the phenomenon under study?"

Question 25

Design fault in original studies,often called attention to by the researcher to bring about improvements in future studies,make exact replication of studies unlikely.

Question 26

Which of the following is a form that is administered one time to one group and then split in half and inter-correlated.

A)Test-retest
B)Multiple forms
C)Split-half technique
D)Zero-absolute

Question 27

Validity concerns the stability and consistency of measurement.

Question 28

Consistency of measurement is determined by whether,assuming that conditions rival causal factors)have not changed,a respondent will give the same answer to the same question on second testing.

Question 29

Which of the following is a means of determining reliability in which the same instrument is administered twice to the same population?

A)Test-retest
B)Multiple forms
C)Split-half technique
D)Zero-absolute

Question 30

In the bilateral test method of determining reliability the same instrument is administered twice to the same population and,if the results are the same,stability of measurement is assumed.

Question 31

Construct validity entails examining each item-the content of an instrument-to judge whether each element measures the concept in question.

Question 32

Face validity,the simplest measurement,asks,"Does the measuring instrument appear,at face value,to be measuring what I am attempting to measure?"

Question 33

One of the reasons for the lack of validation studies in criminal justice include inadequate funding.

Question 34

Which of the following involves the administration of alternate forms of the instrument to the same group?

A)Test-retest
B)Multiple forms
C)Split-half technique
D)Zero-absolute

Question 35

Stability of measurement is determined by whether the set of items used to measure some phenomenon are highly related associated with each other)and measuring the same concept.

Question 36

Which of the following is an NIJ research program that asks volunteer arrestees to provide urine specimens to test for drug usage?

A)Drug Use Forecasting
B)Drug Use Predictor
C)NIJ Self-reporting Program
D)None of the above

Question 37

The unfavorable climate for validation research is due to the human nature of organizational findings.

Question 38

There are two types of pragmatic validity: concurrent validity and predictive validity.

Question 39

Convergent-discriminant validation involves the use of multiple methods to measure multiple traits.

Question 40

Error is another term for invalidity,and sources of potential error or invalidity are ever present,even in some of the best research.

Question 41

__________ concerns the stability and consistency of measurement.

Question 42

__________ of measurement is determined by whether the set of items used to measure some phenomenon are highly related associated with each other)and measuring the same concept.

Question 43

__________ asks,"Does my measuring instrument in fact measure what it claims to measure?" "Is it an accurate or true measure of the phenomenon under study?"

Question 44

__________ of measurement is determined by whether,assuming that conditions rival causal factors)have not changed,a respondent will give the same answer to the same question on second testing.

Question 45

__________ entails examining each item-the content of an instrument-to judge whether each element measures the concept in question.

Question 46

Issues of validity and reliability in criminal justice research are not limited to quantitative studies,but are also applicable to more qualitative findings.

Question 47

__________ in original studies,often called attention to by the researcher to bring about improvements in future studies,make exact replication of studies unlikely.

Question 48

__________ validation involves the use of multiple methods to measure multiple traits

Question 49

__________ involve the administration of alternate forms of the instrument to the same group.

Question 50

Drug Use Forecasting DUF),a research program sponsored by the National Institute of Justice NIJ),asked volunteers from a population of arrestees in various cities to provide urine specimens that are then tested for drugs.

Question 51

Multiple forms involve the administration of alternate forms of the instrument to the same group.

Question 52

The __________ for validation research is due to the human nature of organizational findings.

Question 53

__________ refers to the accuracy of the measuring instrument in predicting current status concurrent validity)or future status predictive validity).

Question 54

__________,the simplest measurement,asks,"Does the measuring instrument appear,at face value,to be measuring what I am attempting to measure?"

Question 55

__________ is use of multiple measures of the same concept.

Question 56

Split-half reliability does not involve retesting and substitutes the assessment of internal consistency for temporal consistency;each half of a scale is analyzed as if it were a separate scale.

Question 57

In the __________ method of determining reliability the same instrument is administered twice to the same population and,if the results are the same,stability of measurement is assumed.

Question 58

__________ is demonstrated through stable and consistent replication of findings on repeated measurement.

Question 59

Triangulated strategies for examining crime in public housing include mortality and morbidity data for intentional injuries.

Question 60

__________ sometimes called concept validity)is perhaps the most theoretical and philosophically basic question.

Question 61

Discuss research validation in criminal justice research through cases and examples.

Question 62

Identify and discuss the reasons for the lack of validation studies in criminal justice.

Question 63

Define triangulation and provide examples of how triangulation strategies have been used in examining crime in public housing.

Question 64

Identify and discuss the various ways of determining validity.Provide examples of how this can be accomplished.

Question 65

Identify and discuss the three primary methods of attempting to demonstrate reliability.