Deck 8: Unobtrusive Measures,secondary Analysis,and the Uses of Official Statistics

Question 1

Which of the following involves any type of research in which the researcher hides his or her presence or purpose for interacting with a group?

A)Disguised presence
B)Disguised research
C)Disguised observation
D)None of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In which of the following did Clarke attempt to address the "pathological myth" about assassins,the belief that most had suffered from and were motivated by some mental sickness,insanity,or derangement?

A)American Assassin: The True Story
B)American Assassins: The Darker Side of Politics
C)Political Assassins
D)None of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following entails a variety of gaming strategies that attempt to imitate a more complex social reality?

A)Simulation
B)Replication
C)Imitation
D)Ersatz

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following are nonreactive methods of gathering data,that is,means of obtaining information in which subjects are not aware of being studied?

A)Benign measures
B)Content measures
C)Unobtrusive measures
D)Secondary measures

Question 5

Which of the following is a strategy of data collection in which the investigator attempts to examine the activity of subjects while keeping her or his presence either secret or to a minimum,so as not to interfere?

A)Observation
B)Surveillance
C)Shadowing
D)Scrutiny

Question 6

In which of the following publications did Sutherland use the records of regulatory agencies,courts,and commissions to study the seventy largest American industrial and mercantile corporations and their violations over a forty-year period of laws regulating such things as false advertising,patent abuse,wartime trade violations,price-fixing,fraud,and intended manufacturing and sale of faulty goods?

A)Corporate Crime
B)White Collar Crime
C)The 40-year Crime
D)None of the above

Question 7

In which of the following does Sanyika Shakur provide an autobiographical account of his violent life as a Crip gang member in south central Los Angeles?

A)The Red vs.The Blue: L.A.Gangs
B)Life on the Street
C)Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A.Gang Member
D)None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is a type of unobtrusive measurement that involves the analysis of deposits,accretion of matter,and other indirect substances produced by previous human interaction?

A)Physical trace analysis
B)Content analysis
C)Secondary analysis
D)Primary analysis

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of secondary analysis and questioned recent research and police academy practice,both of which tend to underestimate the potential dangers to police,who are mediating domestic household)encounters?

A)Danger to Police During Domestic Encounters: Assaults on Baltimore County Police
B)Danger to Police: Domestic Terrorism
C)Inside the Danger of Domestic Violence
D)None of the above

Question 10

The use of personal documents in social research was pioneered by Thomas and Znaniecki in their classic sociological work of what name?

A)The Polish Peasant in Europe and America
B)The American Diaries
C)The Polish Diaries
D)Classic Social Research

Question 11

Which of the following was the first criminal autobiographical life history in America appearing in 1807,and written by Henry Tuft?

A)The Diary of Tuft
B)Criminal Tuft
C)The Autobiography of a Criminal
D)None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following collects felony arrest records from those participating states that detail such cases from booking to final disposition?

A)Offender-Based Transaction Statistics
B)State-Based Transaction Statistics
C)Victim-Based Transaction Statistics
D)All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following refers to research assistants who pose as subjects in a study?

A)Plants
B)Spies
C)Confederates
D)Facilitators

Question 14

Which of the following refers to a reanalysis of data that were gathered for other purposes?

A)Content analysis
B)Secondary analysis
C)Primary analysis
D)Physical trace analysis

Question 15

Which of the following studies illustrates the controversy surrounding observational studies in the field?

A)Detroit Jury Study
B)Chicago Jury Study
C)Roswell Jury Study
D)New York Jury Study

Question 16

Which of the following is one of the major types of unobtrusive methods?

A)Archival,existing data,and autobiographies
B)Complex analysis
C)Trace research
D)None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following comprises not only the analysis of official statistics and records,but also the procedures such as content analysis and secondary analysis.

A)Analysis of available data
B)Secondary analysis
C)Primary analysis
D)None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following terms was coined by Glass and refers to quantitative analysis that reviews,combines,and summarizes the results of many different studies dealing with the same research question?

A)Beta-analysis
B)Meta-analysis
C)Meta-data
D)Beta-data

Question 19

Which of the following refers to a systematic classification and analysis of data such as the content of mass media?

A)Physical trace analysis
B)Primary analysis
C)Secondary analysis
D)Content analysis

Question 20

Which of the following was the pioneer among federal agencies in requiring that data sets from funded research be given to the agency upon completion of the project?

A)CIA
B)CRM
C)NIJ
D)NSA

Question 21

Which of the following refers to the reassurance of the subjects and an explanation of the purposes of the research upon completion of a study?

A)Research summary
B)Debriefing
C)Research closeout
D)Closeout

Question 22

A potentially hazardous and relatively neglected area of criminal justice research has been the primary use of historical and archival data.

Question 23

The National Institute of Justice NIJ)was the pioneer among federal agencies in requiring that data sets from funded research be given to the agency upon completion of the project.

Question 24

The term 'meta-methods' was coined by Glass 1976)and refers to quantitative analysis that reviews,combines,and summarizes the results of many different studies dealing with the same research question.

Question 25

Physical trace analysis is systematic classification and analysis of data such as the content of mass media.

Question 26

Masked observation involves any type of research in which the researcher hides his or her presence or purpose for interacting with a group.

Question 27

Content analysis is a type of unobtrusive measurement that involves the analysis of deposits,accretion of matter,and other indirect substances produced by previous human interaction.

Question 28

Which of the following greatly enhances the data-gathering process in unobtrusive measurement.

A)Audio and visual mechanical aids
B)Field notes
C)Intelligence
D)None of the above

Question 29

Which of the following refers to research conducted in such a manner that subject reactivity,or awareness of being studied,is eliminated?

A)Reactivity
B)Non-reactivity
C)Passivity
D)Non-passivity

Question 30

Another important method of analyzing existing data is through content analysis,the systematic analysis and selective classification of the contents of mass communication.

Question 31

'Dark assistants' are research assistants who pose as subjects in a study.

Question 32

Which of the following is the leading disadvantage in employing secretive means of gathering data?

A)Intrusiveness
B)Invasiveness
C)Confidence invasion
D)Privacy invasion

Question 33

Physical trace analysis,simple observation and simulation are all examples of unobtrusive methods.

Question 34

The use of personal documents in social research was pioneered by Thomas and Znaniecki in their classic sociological work The Polish Peasant in Europe and America.

Question 35

Replication entails a variety of gaming strategies that attempt to imitate a more complex social reality.

Question 36

Unobtrusive measures are ways of studying groups so that they remain unaware of being studied,thus eliminating reactivity.

Question 37

Benign research measures are nonreactive methods of gathering data,that is,means of obtaining information in which subjects are not aware of being studied.

Question 38

Sanyika Shakur Kody Scott),in Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A.Gang Member 1993),provides an autobiographical account of his violent life as a Crip gang member in south central Los Angeles.

Question 39

Secondary analysis is the reanalysis of data that were gathered for other purposes.

Question 40

Surveillance is a strategy of data collection in which the investigator attempts to examine the activity of subjects while keeping her or his presence either secret or to a minimum,so as not to interfere.

Question 41

__________ are research assistants who pose as subjects in a study.

Question 42

The __________ was the pioneer among federal agencies in requiring that data sets from funded research be given to the agency upon completion of the project.

Question 43

__________ is when informed consent of subjects is not sought and researchers pretend to be part of the study group.

Question 44

__________ is a type of unobtrusive measurement that involves the analysis of deposits,accretion of matter,and other indirect substances produced by previous human interaction.

Question 45

The term __________ was coined by Glass 1976)and refers to quantitative analysis that reviews,combines,and summarizes the results of many different studies dealing with the same research question.

Question 46

__________ or data libraries)are institutes or organizations that store data resources raw data)from previous studies.

Question 47

The chief advantage of unobtrusive methods of data gathering is their non-reactivity.

Question 48

Identify and discuss the major types of unobtrusive measures.

Question 49

__________ is the systematic classification and analysis of data such as the content of mass media.

Question 50

The leading disadvantages in employing secretive means of gathering data are ethical questions,particularly that of privacy invasion.

Question 51

__________ are nonreactive methods of gathering data,that is,means of obtaining information in which subjects are not aware of being studied

Question 52

A__________ is a situation or game that attempts to mimic,or imitate,key features of reality.

Question 53

__________ is the reanalysis of data that were gathered for other purposes.

Question 54

__________ or the reanalysis of data that were originally gathered or compiled for other purposes,is an excellent economizer of researcher time in data gathering,nonreactive,and a resourceful use of the mountains of data generated in modern society.

Question 55

A __________ is the reassurance of subjects and explanation of the purposes of the research upon completion of the study.

Question 56

Debriefing is reassurance of the subjects and an explanation of the purposes of the research after completion of a study particularly one involving deception),

Question 57

A simulation is a situation or game that attempts to mimic,or imitate,key features of reality.

Question 58

__________ entails a variety of gaming strategies that attempt to imitate a more complex social reality.

Question 59

_________ is a strategy of data collection in which the investigator attempts to examine the activity of subjects while keeping her or his presence either secret or to a minimum,so as not to interfere.

Question 60

__________ is research conducted in such a manner that subject reactivity,or awareness of being studied,is eliminated.

Question 61

Identify and discuss the basic procedures in content analysis.

Question 62

Identify and discuss the steps in meta-analysis as provided by Wells.

Question 63

Define content analysis and provide some examples of criminal justice research that has employed it.

Question 64

Identify and discuss current obstacles to the implementation of virtual reality technology as an evidentiary tool in the courtroom.