Deck 6 (MC): The Skeletal System

Question 1

In the embryo,the bones that are first made of fibrous connective tissue are the bones of the:

A)rib cage
B)arms and legs
C)backbone
D)skull

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the embryo,bone matrix is produced by cells called:

A)osteoblasts
B)osteocytes
C)osteoclasts
D)fibroblasts

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the embryo frontal bone:

A)the first osteoblasts come from fibroblasts
B)the first osteoblasts begin a center of ossification
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the osteoblasts secrete calcium salts

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which statement is NOT true of the development of the skull before birth?

A)The cranial bones are first formed as cartilage.
B)Calcification begins in the third month of gestation.
C)Osteoblasts differentiate from fibroblasts.
D)Ossification is not complete at birth.

Question 5

The reabsorption of bone matrix is a function of the:

A)osteocytes
B)osteoblasts
C)osteoclasts
D)fibroblasts

Question 6

The spongy bone of flat and irregular bones contains:

A)osteons to produce new bone
B)adipose tissue to store energy
C)fibrous connective tissue for added strength
D)red bone marrow to produce blood cells

Question 7

Which statement is true of the cells of bone?

A)Osteocytes regulate the calcium metabolism of adult bones.
B)Osteoblasts blast away old bone when repair is needed.
C)Both A and B.
D)Both A and B,and osteoclasts produce new bone matrix.

Question 8

An infant's skull may be compressed slightly during birth without harming the brain because of the presence of:

A)thin cranial bones
B)sutures
C)hinge joints
D)fontanels

Question 9

Which statement is true of compact bone?

A)It is made of osteons (haversian systems)and found within flat and irregular bones.
B)It is made of osteons and found in the diaphysis of a long bone.
C)It is not made of osteons and is found in the diaphysis of a long bone.
D)It is not made of osteons and is found within flat and irregular bones.

Question 10

The type of bone tissue that contains red bone marrow is:

A)spongy bone in the diaphysis of a long bone
B)compact bone in the diaphysis of a long bone
C)compact bone in flat and irregular bones
D)spongy bone in flat and irregular bones

Question 11

The regulation of the calcium content of adult bones is a function of the:

A)osteocytes
B)osteoblasts
C)osteoclasts
D)fibroblasts

Question 12

Which statement is NOT true of osteons (haversian systems)?

A)They are found in compact bone.
B)They are found in spongy bone.
C)They contain osteocytes in rings of bone matrix.
D)They have a good blood supply.

Question 13

In the embryo,the bones of the skull are first made of:

A)bone
B)cartilage
C)fibrous connective tissue
D)elastic connective tissue

Question 14

Which statement is NOT true of long bones?

A)The diaphysis is the shaft,made of compact bone.
B)An epiphysis is an end,made mostly of spongy bone.
C)Blood vessels are found in compact bone.
D)The marrow cavity contains yellow bone marrow,and is in the center of each epiphysis.

Question 15

Red bone marrow produces these cells:

A)WBCs,RBCs,and osteocytes
B)platelets,RBCs,and WBCs
C)RBCs,osteocytes,and platelets
D)platelets,osteocytes,and WBCs

Question 16

Which statement is NOT true of adult bone marrow?

A)Red bone marrow is found in flat bones.
B)A long bone has red bone marrow in the diaphysis.
C)Yellow bone marrow is mostly adipose tissue.
D)All RBCs are produced by red bone marrow.

Question 17

The production of new bone matrix for growth or repair is a function of the:

A)osteocytes
B)osteoblasts
C)osteoclasts
D)fibroblasts

Question 18

The fontanels in an infant's skull are made of:

A)fibrous connective tissue
B)bone
C)cartilage
D)elastic connective tissue

Question 19

All of the types of blood cells are produced by:

A)red bone marrow
B)bone tissue
C)yellow bone marrow
D)all of these

Question 20

Which statement is true of spongy bone?

A)It is made of osteons (haversian systems)and found within flat and irregular bones.
B)It is made of osteons and found in the diaphysis of a long bone.
C)It is not made of osteons and is found in the diaphysis of a long bone.
D)It is not made of osteons and is found within flat and irregular bones.

Question 21

In the long bones of children,growth occurs at the:

A)center of the diaphysis
B)entire length of the diaphysis
C)ends of the epiphyses
D)epiphyseal discs

Question 22

Two nutrients that are needed to become part of bone matrix are:

A)calcium and vitamin D
B)calcium and phosphorus
C)phosphorus and vitamin C
D)phosphorus and vitamin D

Question 23

In the phrase "genes for height," the word genes means:

A)proteins that become part of bone
B)parts of the RNA needed for the synthesis of calcium ions
C)parts of the DNA needed for the synthesis of calcium ions
D)parts of the DNA that code for enzymes for bone matrix synthesis

Question 24

In the embryo,the bones of the arms and legs are first made of:

A)cartilage
B)bone
C)fibrous connective tissue
D)elastic connective tissue

Question 25

Three nutrients that are needed to become part of bone matrix are:

A)protein,calcium,and vitamin D
B)phosphorus,calcium,and vitamin C
C)calcium,phosphorus,and protein
D)protein,vitamin C,and calcium

Question 26

Two vitamins that are needed for the calcification process to synthesize bone matrix are:

A)vitamins A and E
B)vitamins E and B
C)vitamins B and D
D)vitamins C and A

Question 27

The purpose of fontanels in the fetal skull is to:

A)permit compression of the skull during birth
B)allow for growth of the brain after birth
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and to contain red bone marrow

Question 28

The hormone that increases the absorption of calcium from food in the small intestine is:

A)PTH
B)calcitonin
C)GH
D)thyroxine

Question 29

In an embryonic femur,the osteoclasts form:

A)the primary center of ossification in the diaphysis
B)the secondary center of ossification in the distal epiphysis
C)the marrow cavity in the diaphysis
D)all of the centers of ossification

Question 30

The protein that is part of bone matrix is:

A)collagen
B)elastin
C)keratin
D)bonetin

Question 31

In an embryonic femur,the marrow cavity is formed by the:

A)osteoclasts
B)osteoblasts
C)osteocytes
D)chondrocytes

Question 32

The term genetic potential for height means:

A)how tall a child will be by age 10
B)the minimum height a person will become
C)how tall a person will become
D)how tall a person may become

Question 33

In an embryonic long bone,centers of ossification are found in the:

A)diaphysis only
B)diaphysis and each epiphysis
C)diaphysis and distal epiphysis only
D)none of these,because the pattern depends on the particular bone

Question 34

The nutrient that is needed for the efficient absorption of calcium by the small intestine is:

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin A
D)vitamin B

Question 35

Which nutrient is NOT paired with its correct function with respect to bone growth?

A)calcium-becomes part of bone matrix
B)phosphorus-becomes part of bone matrix
C)vitamin D-becomes part of bone matrix
D)vitamin C-needed for the formation of bone matrix

Question 36

The hormones that regulate the amount of calcium in the bones and the blood are:

A)PTH and calcitonin
B)thyroxine and calcitonin
C)PTH and GH
D)GH and thyroxine

Question 37

The hormone that increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is:

A)thyroxine
B)calcitonin
C)parathyroid hormone
D)growth hormone

Question 38

Which statement is NOT true of the epiphyseal discs of long bones?

A)They are first made of cartilage.
B)Growth occurs when cartilage replaces bone on the diaphysis side.
C)Cartilage production on the epiphysis side makes the bone grow in length.
D)Growth stops when all the cartilage has been replaced by bone.

Question 39

The hormone that decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is:

A)thyroxine
B)calcitonin
C)parathyroid hormone
D)growth hormone

Question 40

The nutrient needed for bone growth that can be synthesized by the body is:

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin A
D)calcium

Question 41

The temporal bone helps protect the sense organs for:

A)sight
B)smell
C)hearing
D)taste

Question 42

Growth hormone contributes to the growth of bones by:

A)increasing protein synthesis
B)increasing the rate of mitosis
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and by increasing the use of glucose for energy

Question 43

Which bone does NOT help form the orbit?

A)parietal
B)frontal
C)sphenoid
D)lacrimal

Question 44

The hormone that increases energy production from all food types is:

A)insulin
B)thyroxine
C)GH
D)PTH

Question 45

Which pair of bones directly helps to protect the brain?

A)maxilla and frontal
B)zygomatic and temporal
C)parietal and mandible
D)sphenoid and occipital

Question 46

The hormone that increases cell division in growing bones is:

A)insulin
B)thyroxine
C)GH
D)PTH

Question 47

The hormones that promote closure of the epiphyseal discs are:

A)insulin and thyroxine
B)thyroxine and GH
C)GH and insulin
D)estrogen and testosterone

Question 48

Which statement is NOT true of hormones and bone growth?

A)Thyroxine increases energy production from all foods.
B)Growth hormone increases mitosis.
C)Calcitonin helps keep calcium in bones.
D)Insulin increases protein synthesis and mitosis.

Question 49

The hormone in men that promotes closure of the epiphyseal discs is:

A)calcitonin
B)progesterone
C)estrogen
D)testosterone

Question 50

Which of these bones does NOT directly help protect the brain?

A)temporal
B)zygomatic
C)frontal
D)occipital

Question 51

The ethmoid bone helps protect the sensory receptors and nerves for:

A)smell
B)hearing
C)taste
D)touch

Question 52

Thyroxine contributes to the growth of bones by:

A)increasing energy production
B)increasing protein synthesis
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and by increasing calcium absorption

Question 53

The hormone that increases energy production from glucose only is:

A)insulin
B)thyroxine
C)GH
D)PTH

Question 54

The hormones that contribute to bone growth by increasing the rate of protein synthesis are:

A)thyroxine and GH
B)GH and PTH
C)PTH and insulin
D)insulin and calcitonin

Question 55

The sphenoid and ethmoid bones are among the bones of the:

A)arm
B)leg
C)vertebral column
D)skull

Question 56

In the body,the ___ are storage sites for calcium,which is needed in the blood for ___.

A)muscles/digestion
B)bones/clotting
C)cartilage/clotting
D)bones/digestion

Question 57

The phrase "closure of the epiphyseal discs" means that:

A)all cartilage is replaced by bone
B)cartilage production stops unless there is need for repair
C)calcium can no longer be taken in by osteocytes in these areas
D)the blood supply to these areas has been closed off

Question 58

Which statement is NOT true of PTH and calcitonin?

A)Calcitonin contributes to the maintenance of a strong bone matrix.
B)PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones.
C)PTH increases the absorption of calcium by the small intestine.
D)Calcitonin is secreted by the pituitary gland.

Question 59

The hormones that contribute to bone growth by increasing the production of energy are:

A)insulin and thyroxine
B)thyroxine and calcitonin
C)calcitonin and GH
D)GH and PTH

Question 60

The hormone in women that promotes closure of the epiphyseal discs is:

A)calcitonin
B)testosterone
C)progesterone
D)estrogen

Question 61

Which statement is NOT true of the paranasal sinuses?

A)They contain air.
B)They are lined with ciliated epithelium.
C)They provide resonance for the voice.
D)They make the skull heavier in weight.

Question 62

The cranial bone that encloses the pituitary gland is the:

A)sphenoid
B)frontal
C)ethmoid
D)temporal

Question 63

Which of these is NOT a part of the sternum?

A)coracoid process
B)xiphoid process
C)body
D)manubrium

Question 64

Paranasal sinuses are found in all of these bones except the:

A)mandible
B)maxillae
C)sphenoid
D)frontal

Question 65

Which of these organs is NOT protected by the rib cage?

A)small intestine
B)lungs
C)liver
D)heart

Question 66

The seven vertebrae in the neck are called:

A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)lumbar
D)sacral

Question 67

The vertebrae in the neck are called ___ and there are ___ of them.

A)cervical/seven
B)lumbar/eight
C)sacral/seven
D)cervical/eight

Question 68

The rib cage is directly involved in the functioning of which organ system?

A)respiratory
B)digestive
C)circulatory
D)endocrine

Question 69

The number of pairs of each type of rib-true,false,and floating-in order,is:

A)5,3,2
B)7,5,3
C)8,2,2
D)7,3,2

Question 70

The three pairs of ribs that articulate indirectly with the sternum are called:

A)true ribs
B)false ribs
C)floating ribs
D)spare ribs

Question 71

The paranasal sinuses open into the:

A)middle ear
B)nasal cavities
C)brain
D)mouth

Question 72

Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles?

A)coracoid process
B)xiphoid process
C)body
D)manubrium

Question 73

The seven pairs of ribs that articulate directly with the sternum are called:

A)true ribs
B)false ribs
C)floating ribs
D)spare ribs

Question 74

The cranial bone that attaches the anterior meninges and forms part of the nasal septum is the:

A)sphenoid
B)frontal
C)ethmoid
D)none of these

Question 75

The rib cage protects the:

A)lungs
B)heart
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the spleen

Question 76

The two pairs of ribs that do not articulate with the sternum are called:

A)true ribs
B)false ribs
C)floating ribs
D)spare ribs

Question 77

Which statement is NOT true of the rib cage?

A)There are two pairs of floating ribs.
B)The manubrium of the sternum articulates with the false ribs.
C)The rib cage is pulled up and out during inhalation.
D)The xiphoid process is the most inferior part of the sternum.

Question 78

The paranasal sinuses may become "stuffed up" because:

A)they are microscopic cavities
B)the mucus produced by their epithelium may block their outlets
C)their only outlets are to the cranial cavity
D)they have no outlets

Question 79

The manubrium of the ___ articulates with the ___.

A)sternum/clavicles
B)clavicle/sternum
C)clavicle/ribs
D)ribs/sternum

Question 80

Paranasal sinuses are found in all of these bones except the:

A)ethmoid
B)zygomatic
C)frontal
D)sphenoid