Deck 33: Introduction to Clinical Echocardiography: Left-Sided Valvular Heart Disease

Question 1

The 50% expansion of the aorta that involves the three vessel wall layers defines a(n):

A) fistula.
B) dissection.
C) tear.
D) aneurysm.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Identify the mitral valve area that results in an increase in left atrial pressure and dyspnea.

A) 1.5 cm²
B) 4 to 6 cm²
C) 3.0 cm²
D) 8010 cm²

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A tear in the aortic intima is a(n):

A) dissection.
B) pseudoaneurysm.
C) partial aneurysm.
D) valvular dilatation.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What type of Carpentier's mitral regurgitation demonstrates excessive leaflet motion due to mitral prolapse?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV

Question 5

A patient with a history of infective endocarditis is at risk for:

A) left ventricular myopathy.
B) abdominal aortic dissection.
C) aortic regurgitation.
D) late closure of the MV.

Question 6

Which of the following will you need to calculate the simplified continuity equation for the aortic valve area?

A) RVOT length
B) RA/RV ratio
C) LVOT diameter
D) RA contractibility

Question 7

Select the definition of a pseudoaneurysm.

A) A break in the aortic wall with periaortic blood collection
B) Reduction of AVA of 0.1 cm²/yr
C) Flow from the ventricle to atrium
D) Degeneration of the aortic wall

Question 8

Choose the most common cause of mitral stenosis.

A) Age-related changes
B) Flail anterior leaflet
C) Congenital stenosis
D) Rheumatic fever

Question 9

Rheumatic heart disease may cause which of the following affects on the aortic valve?

A) Fibrosis
B) Thinning
C) Flail leaflet
D) Increased mobility

Question 10

Identify the genetic cause for aortic insufficiency.

A) Edward syndrome
B) Marfan's syndrome
C) Down syndrome
D) VACTERAL

Question 11

Choose the least common type of aortic stenosis.

A) Subvalvular
B) Supravalvular
C) Valvular
D) Paravalvular

Question 12

Choose the pathology that demonstrates systolic retrograde flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.

A) Mitral regurgitation
B) Aortic stenosis
C) Tricuspid regurgitation
D) Pulmonary hypertension

Question 13

Which of the following do you need to calculate a PISA of the mitral valve?

A) Qualitative color Doppler
B) Hemispheric flow divergence area
C) Peak velocity of the MR jet
D) Baseline color measurement

Question 14

An increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume raises suspicion for:

A) acute mitral valve flail leaflet.
B) dilated cardiomyopathy.
C) viral induced valve calcification.
D) chronic aortic regurgitation.