Deck 10 (MC): The Endocrine System

Question 1

Steroid hormones are believed to exert their effects on cells by activating certain ___ within a cell.

A)cyclic AMP molecules
B)other hormones
C)RNA molecules
D)genes

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to:

A)contribute to the growth of the placenta
B)help increase circulation in the fetus
C)prevent contractions before the end of gestation
D)cause contractions for delivery

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The hormone that causes strong contractions of the uterus for delivery of a baby is:

A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)oxytocin
D)prolactin

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Protein hormones are believed to exert their effects by activating certain ___ within a cell.

A)other hormones
B)enzymes
C)RNA molecules
D)genes

Question 5

The hormone that directly increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys is:

A)ADH
B)aldosterone
C)PTH
D)epinephrine

Question 6

Which endocrine gland is NOT paired with its correct location?

A)ovaries - on either side of the uterus
B)testes - in the scrotum between the upper thighs
C)pancreas - between the duodenum and the spleen
D)adrenal glands - one below each kidney

Question 7

A negative feedback mechanism:

A)always involves three or more hormones
B)contains its own brake or shutoff mechanism
C)requires an external brake to slow it
D)always involves the hypothalamus

Question 8

Which statement describes a negative feedback mechanism?

A)The effects of a hormone increase the stimulus for secretion of that hormone.
B)The effects of a hormone decrease the stimulus for secretion of that hormone.
C)The hormone itself is the stimulus for secretion of the hormone.
D)The hormone stimulates secretion of another hormone with the opposite function.

Question 9

Which endocrine gland is NOT paired with its correct location?

A)parathyroid glands - on the back of the thyroid
B)anterior pituitary gland - below the hypothalamus
C)posterior pituitary gland - below the hypothalamus
D)thyroid gland - above the larynx on the back of the trachea

Question 10

Which statement is NOT true of ADH?

A)It is released from the posterior pituitary gland.
B)It increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys.
C)Its action increases urinary output.
D)Its action increases blood volume.

Question 11

In the two-messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones,the second messenger is ___,which activates specific ___ in a cell to bring about the cell's response to the hormone.

A)cyclic AMP/receptors
B)an enzyme/cyclic AMP molecules
C)cyclic AMP/enzymes
D)a receptor/enzymes

Question 12

In the two-messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones,the first messenger is the ___,which must bond to a ___ on the cell membrane.

A)receptor/cyclic AMP
B)hormone/receptor
C)receptor/hormone
D)hormone/cyclic AMP

Question 13

When the effects of a hormone decrease the stimulus for secretion of that hormone,this sequence of events is called a:

A)positive feedback mechanism
B)negative feedback mechanism
C)stimulus-response mechanism
D)releasing-hormone mechanism

Question 14

The hormone that causes release of milk from the mammary glands is:

A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)oxytocin
D)prolactin

Question 15

A positive feedback mechanism:

A)always involves three or more hormones
B)contains its own brake or shutoff mechanism
C)requires an external brake to slow it
D)always involves the hypothalamus

Question 16

Increased secretion of ADH will have this effect on urinary output:

A)increase it
B)decrease it
C)increase then decrease it
D)no effect

Question 17

Hormones exert their effects only on cells that have ______ for the hormone on the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm.

A)receptors
B)genes
C)DNA molecules
D)effectors

Question 18

A stimulus for secretion of ADH is:

A)water loss in extreme sweating
B)severe hemorrhage
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and severe diarrhea

Question 19

Decreased secretion of ADH will have this effect on urinary output:

A)increase it
B)decrease it
C)decrease then increase it
D)no effect

Question 20

The function of ADH is to:

A)increase the reabsorption of water by the kidneys
B)increase the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys
C)decrease the reabsorption of water by the kidneys
D)decrease the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys

Question 21

In women,the function of LH is to:

A)increase secretion of progesterone in the ovary
B)cause ovulation
C)both A and B
D)neither A nor B

Question 22

In men,the function of FSH is to:

A)decrease secretion of testosterone
B)initiate sperm production in the testes
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and increase secretion of GnRH

Question 23

Which anterior pituitary hormone is NOT paired with its correct function?

A)LH - stimulates the ovaries to secrete estrogen
B)FSH - stimulates the development of egg cells in the ovaries
C)LH - stimulates ovulation of a mature egg
D)FSH - initiates sperm production in the testes

Question 24

The hormone that increases milk production is:

A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)prolactin
D)oxytocin

Question 25

The hormone that stimulates secretion of cortisol is:

A)TSH
B)ACTH
C)prolactin
D)GH

Question 26

Oxytocin and ADH are both secreted by the:

A)ovaries
B)anterior pituitary gland
C)posterior pituitary gland
D)adrenal glands

Question 27

The hormone that initiates development of egg cells in the ovaries is:

A)LH
B)FSH
C)ACTH
D)GH

Question 28

In men,the hormone ___ initiates sperm production in the testes,and ___ stimulates secretion of testosterone.

A)testosterone/LH
B)LH/FSH
C)testosterone/FSH
D)FSH/LH

Question 29

In men,the function of LH is to:

A)increase secretion of testosterone
B)stimulate sperm production in the testes
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and increase secretion of GnRH

Question 30

The hormone that causes ovulation is:

A)GH
B)LH
C)FSH
D)ACTH

Question 31

Which of these hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

A)TSH
B)PTH
C)ACTH
D)GH

Question 32

The secretion of the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by ___,produced by the ___.

A)enzymes/posterior pituitary gland
B)releasing hormones/hypothalamus
C)enzymes/hypothalamus
D)releasing hormones/posterior pituitary gland

Question 33

Which statement is NOT true of oxytocin?

A)It is released from the posterior pituitary gland.
B)It causes contractions of the uterus.
C)It stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.
D)It is secreted during labor and when a mother is nursing an infant.

Question 34

In women,the function of FSH is to:

A)initiate development of egg cells in the ovaries
B)increase the secretion of estrogen
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and increase the secretion of GnRH

Question 35

The hormone that stimulates secretion of thyroxine is:

A)TSH
B)ACTH
C)prolactin
D)GH

Question 36

Which anterior pituitary hormone is NOT paired with its correct function?

A)Prolactin - increases milk production.
B)TSH - stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine.
C)GH - increases mitosis in growing organs.
D)ACTH - stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine.

Question 37

Which of these hormones is NOT regulated by a hormone from the anterior pituitary gland?

A)thyroxine
B)cortisol
C)testosterone
D)epinephrine

Question 38

The hormone that stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes is:

A)ACTH
B)FSH
C)LH
D)GH

Question 39

The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes is:

A)FSH
B)LH
C)ACTH
D)GH

Question 40

The effect of oxytocin on the mammary glands is to:

A)increase the production of milk
B)decrease the production of milk
C)decrease the release of milk
D)increase the release of milk

Question 41

Insulin is produced by the ___,and ___ the blood glucose level.

A)beta cells of the pancreas/lowers
B)alpha cells of the pancreas/lowers
C)beta cells of the pancreas/raises
D)alpha cells of the pancreas/raises

Question 42

Which statement is NOT true of the functions of insulin and glucagon?

A)Insulin enables cells to take in glucose from the blood to use for energy production.
B)Glucagon increases the conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates to be used for energy production.
C)Insulin enables cells to take in fatty acids and amino acids for synthesis reactions.
D)Glucagon decreases the use of fats for energy,since this is not important between meals.

Question 43

Which of these is NOT a function of PTH?

A)increasing the absorption of calcium by the small intestine
B)increasing the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys
C)increasing the reabsorption of calcium from bones
D)decreasing the reabsorption of calcium from bones

Question 44

Which statement is NOT true of the pancreas?

A)The endocrine portions are islets of Langerhans.
B)The beta cells secrete insulin.
C)The pancreas is also an exocrine gland.
D)The delta cells secrete glucagon.

Question 45

The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is:

A)thyroxine
B)PTH
C)calcitonin
D)insulin

Question 46

The hormone that increases the use of fats and amino acids for energy production and spares glucose for use by the brain is:

A)insulin
B)aldosterone
C)GH
D)cortisol

Question 47

The hormone that increases the blood glucose level,for instance,between meals,is:

A)aldosterone
B)insulin
C)glucagon
D)norepinephrine

Question 48

The hormone that increases the blood calcium level is:

A)thyroxine
B)PTH
C)calcitonin
D)insulin

Question 49

The hormone that increases the conversion of glucose to glycogen by the liver is:

A)glucagon
B)thyroxine
C)GH
D)insulin

Question 50

The hormone that enables cells to take in glucose to use for energy production is:

A)insulin
B)cortisol
C)glucagon
D)GH

Question 51

Glucagon is produced by the ___,and ___ the blood glucose level.

A)beta cells of the pancreas/lowers
B)alpha cells of the pancreas/lowers
C)beta cells of the pancreas/raises
D)alpha cells of the pancreas/raises

Question 52

Which of these is NOT a target organ of PTH?

A)small intestine
B)kidneys
C)bones
D)liver

Question 53

The hormone ___ increases blood calcium level,and ___ decreases the blood calcium level.

A)calcitonin/ACTH
B)PTH/ACTH
C)ACTH/calcitonin
D)PTH/calcitonin

Question 54

The hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose by the liver is:

A)glucagon
B)thyroxine
C)GH
D)insulin

Question 55

The hormone that has an anti-inflammatory effect is:

A)glucagon
B)cortisol
C)thyroxine
D)insulin

Question 56

Which statement is NOT true of the anti-inflammatory effect of cortisol?

A)It prevents rupture of the lysosomes within cells.
B)It blocks the effects of histamine.
C)It increases the extent of inflammation to destroy pathogens.
D)It decreases the extent of inflammation to prevent excessive tissue damage.

Question 57

Which statement is NOT true of calcitonin and PTH?

A)PTH is produced by the parathyroid glands.
B)Calcitonin is produced by the pituitary gland.
C)Calcitonin helps keep calcium in bones.
D)PTH raises the blood calcium level.

Question 58

The function of calcitonin is to:

A)decrease the reabsorption of calcium from bones
B)increase the absorption of calcium by the small intestine
C)decrease the absorption of calcium by the small intestine
D)increase the reabsorption of calcium from bones

Question 59

The hormone that decreases the blood glucose level,for instance,after a meal,is:

A)aldosterone
B)insulin
C)glucagon
D)epinephrine

Question 60

Which of these is a target organ of calcitonin?

A)small intestine
B)kidneys
C)bones
D)liver

Question 61

The hormones directly necessary for development of egg cells in the ovary are:

A)LH and estrogen
B)FSH and estrogen
C)FSH and progesterone
D)LH and progesterone

Question 62

Which statement is NOT true of the hormone cortisol?

A)It is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
B)It has an inflammatory effect.
C)It spares glucose for use by the brain.
D)It increases the use of fats and amino acids for energy production.

Question 63

Which of these is NOT a result of the function of aldosterone?

A)Blood volume is maintained at a normal level.
B)Blood calcium is kept within normal limits.
C)Blood pressure is maintained at a normal level.
D)Blood pH is kept within normal limits.

Question 64

The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are mimicked by ___,which is secreted by the ___.

A)epinephrine/adrenal medulla
B)cortisol/adrenal medulla
C)norepinephrine/adrenal cortex
D)epinephrine/adrenal cortex

Question 65

The function of aldosterone is to increase the reabsorption of ___ ions and excretion of ___ ions by the kidneys.

A)potassium/sodium
B)calcium/potassium
C)sodium/potassium
D)calcium/sodium

Question 66

The hormone aldosterone is secreted by the ___,and its target organs are the ___.

A)adrenal cortex/blood vessels
B)adrenal medulla/blood vessels
C)adrenal medulla/kidneys
D)adrenal cortex/kidneys

Question 67

The hormone cortisol is produced by the:

A)adrenal cortex
B)adrenal medulla
C)pancreas
D)thyroid gland

Question 68

The hormone that increases the excretion of potassium ions by the kidneys is:

A)ADH
B)PTH
C)cortisol
D)aldosterone

Question 69

Which statement is NOT true of the male sex hormones?

A)FSH initiates sperm production in the testes.
B)Inhibin increases the secretion of FSH.
C)Testosterone is necessary for maturation of sperm.
D)LH increases the secretion of testosterone.

Question 70

The adrenal medulla is the ___ part of the adrenal gland,and produces the hormones ___.

A)inner/epinephrine and norepinephrine
B)outer/cortisol and aldosterone
C)inner/cortisol and aldosterone
D)outer/epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 71

The hormone inhibin is secreted by the ___,and its function is to ___.

A)testes/decrease the secretion of FSH
B)anterior pituitary/decrease the secretion of testosterone
C)testes/decrease the secretion of LH
D)anterior pituitary/decrease the secretion of LH

Question 72

The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are very much the same as those of the hormone:

A)epinephrine
B)insulin
C)thyroxine
D)cortisol

Question 73

Which of these is NOT an effect of epinephrine?

A)faster heart rate
B)slower peristalsis
C)dilation of the bronchioles
D)conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Question 74

Which statement is NOT true of the female sex hormones?

A)FSH stimulates secretion of estrogen by the ovarian follicle.
B)LH causes ovulation.
C)Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum.
D)FSH promotes growth of the corpus luteum.

Question 75

When blood pressure decreases,aldosterone is secreted as a result of the ___ mechanism:

A)sodium-potassium
B)sodium-angiotensin
C)renin-potassium
D)renin-angiotensin

Question 76

Epinephrine is secreted in ___ situations,and mimics the effects of the ___ nervous system.

A)non-stressful/sympathetic
B)stressful/parasympathetic
C)non-stressful/parasympathetic
D)stressful/sympathetic

Question 77

The hormone whose major function is to stimulate vasoconstriction throughout the body is:

A)thyroxine
B)norepinephrine
C)aldosterone
D)epinephrine

Question 78

The hormone that increases the absorption of sodium ions by the kidneys is:

A)aldosterone
B)ADH
C)calcitonin
D)PTH

Question 79

The major function of the hormone norepinephrine is to:

A)cause the liver to convert glycogen to glucose
B)decrease the heart rate
C)cause vasoconstriction throughout the body
D)increase peristalsis in the intestines

Question 80

The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are:

A)LH and testosterone
B)LH and FSH
C)testosterone and inhibin
D)FSH and testosterone