Deck 18: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Which endocrine organ is controlled by both hormonal and neural communications?

A)Thyroid
B)Pancreas
C)Pituitary
D)Ovary

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Identify the structure labeled "c."

A)Hypothalamus
B)Posterior pituitary
C)Anterior pituitary
D)Pineal gland

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which hormone and the organ that makes it match is incorrect?

A)Insulin and pancreas
B)Melatonin and pineal gland
C)Epinephrine and adrenal medulla
D)Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid gland

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which gland produces prolactin?

A)Hypothalamus
B)Thyroid gland
C)Pituitary gland
D)Pineal gland

Question 5

Which statement is true about endocrine glands?

A)They make and secrete hormones.
B)They have ducts that release secretions on to body surfaces.
C)They make and secrete hormones, sweat, saliva, and mucus.
D)All are located in the ventral body cavity.

Question 6

Identify the structure labeled "j."

A)Thymus
B)Thyroid gland
C)Parathyroid gland
D)Pancreas

Question 7

Identify the structure labeled "f."

A)Parathyroid gland
B)Adrenal cortex
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal medulla

Question 8

What is the typical result if there is too much or too little of a hormone present?

A)Feedback mechanisms in the body cannot correct the imbalance.
B)Feedback mechanisms in the body are used to correct the imbalance.
C)The endocrine gland begins to atrophy.
D)The lens becomes more brittle with age causes light to refract erratically.

Question 9

Identify the structure labeled "a."

A)Anterior pituitary gland
B)Pineal gland
C)Posterior pituitary gland
D)Hypothalamus

Question 10

When an endocrine gland produces too much or too little of its hormone, it is called ________.

A)allostasis
B)a hormone imbalance
C)an upregulation of hormonal distribution
D)a flight-or-fight response

Question 11

Identify the structure labeled "i."

A)Testes
B)Adrenal cortex
C)Ovary
D)Adrenal medulla

Question 12

Which hormone-secreting cells are found in the pancreas?

A)Chromaffin cells
B)Follicular cells
C)Islet cells
D)Chief cells

Question 13

Which hormone-secreting cells are found in the adrenal gland?

A)Chromaffin cells
B)Follicular cells
C)Islet cells
D)Chief cells

Question 14

Which hormone-secreting cells are found in the thyroid gland?

A)Chromaffin cells
B)Follicular cells
C)Islet cells
D)Chief cells

Question 15

Which zone of the adrenal cortex is most superficial?

A)Zona fasciculata
B)Zona glomerulosa
C)Zona reticularis
D)Zona medullaris

Question 16

Which gland produces glucagon?

A)Adrenal gland
B)Pancreas
C)Ovary
D)Parathyroid gland

Question 17

Which hormone responds to neural control to release its product(s)?

A)Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B)Parathyroid hormone
C)Antidiuretic hormone
D)Insulin

Question 18

Which hormone-secreting cells are found in the parathyroid gland?

A)Chromaffin cells
B)Follicular cells
C)Islet cells
D)Chief cells

Question 19

Which gland produces cortisol?

A)Testis
B)Pancreas
C)Adrenal gland
D)Pineal gland

Question 20

Which hormone is produced in the hypothalamus?

A)Prolactin
B)Glucagon
C)Oxytocin
D)Calcitonin

Question 21

Identify the structure on the micrograph labeled "a."

A)Zona glomerulosa
B)Zona fasciculata
C)Acinar cells
D)Zona reticularis

Question 22

In response to rising blood calcium levels, the parafollicular cells of the thyroid will secrete which hormone?

A)Calcitonin
B)Parathyroid hormone
C)T3
D)T4

Question 23

Which cells produce oxytocin?

A)Neuroendocrine cells
B)Beta cells
C)Chromaffin cells
D)Chief cells

Question 24

What feature is shared by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)and luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A)FSH and LH are tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary and target the gonads.
B)FSH and LH are tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary and target the thyroid.
C)FSH and LH stimulate the release of cortisol.
D)FSH and LH are tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary and stimulate milk production.

Question 25

Which cells produce insulin?

A)Parafollicular cells
B)Follicle cells
C)Chief cells
D)Beta cells.

Question 26

In response to falling blood glucose levels, which pancreatic islet cell releases glucagon?

A)Alpha cell
B)Beta cell
C)Delta cell
D)F cell

Question 27

What do the following hormones have in common: somatostatin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and prolactin-inhibiting hormone?

A)They are all secreted from the hypothalamus and target the anterior pituitary.
B)They are all secreted from the anterior pituitary.
C)They are all secreted from the posterior pituitary.
D)They are all stored in the anterior pituitary.

Question 28

Identify the structure on the micrograph labeled "h."

A)Follicular cells
B)Islet
C)Follicle
D)Parafollicular cell

Question 29

What gland is not working properly in both Cushing syndrome and Addison disease?

A)Adrenal gland
B)Pancreas
C)Hypothalamus
D)Pituitary gland

Question 30

Which statement summarizes the basic difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?

A)Diabetes mellitus results from too little insulin, whereas diabetes insipidus results from too much insulin.
B)Diabetes mellitus results from problems with the pancreas, whereas diabetes insipidus is results from a problem with the pituitary gland.
C)Diabetes mellitus onset is typically in children, whereas diabetes insipidus onset is primarily in adults.
D)Diabetes mellitus results from an imbalance in insulin, and diabetes insipidus results from an imbalance in glucagon.

Question 31

What hormone is imbalanced in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?

A)Calcitonin
B)Growth hormone
C)Parathyroid hormone
D)Thyroxine

Question 32

You are beginning your microscopic examination of the adrenal gland and want to start viewing the zona glomerulosa. In this zone, cells will be arranged in what type of shape?

A)Clusters or "balls" of cells
B)Cells interspersed between numerous reticular fibers
C)Cells arranged in linear bundles
D)Cells in an irregular arrangement surrounded by numerous blood vessels