Deck 9: Vertebral Column

Question 1

An abnormally increased concavity of the lumbar spine is termed:

A) lordosis.
B) kyphosis.
C) scoliosis.
D) scoliokyphosis.

Answer 1

lordosis.

Question 2

How many vertebrae are there in the sacrum?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Answer 2

5

Question 3

Spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the:

A) vertebral arch.
B) vertebral notches.
C) vertebral foramen.
D) intervertebral foramina.

Answer 3

intervertebral foramina.

Question 4

All are functions of the vertebral column,except:

A) supports the trunk.
B) protects the spinal cord.
C) supports the skull.
D) produces cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 5

When viewed from the side,the vertebral column should present how many curves?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 6

An abnormal increase in the convexity of the thoracic spine is termed:

A) scoliosis.
B) spondylosis.
C) lordosis.
D) kyphosis.

Question 7

The part identified in this figure is the:

A) body.
B) lamina.
C) pedicle.
D) transverse process.

Question 8

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?

A) Spinous process
B) Transverse process
C) Superior articular process
D) Inferior articular process

Question 9

The short,thick processes that project posteriorly on each side of a vertebral body are called the:

A) pedicles.
B) laminae.
C) transverse processes.
D) spinous processes.

Question 10

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:

A) sacroiliac joint.
B) pubic symphysis.
C) acetabulum.
D) L5-S1 joint.

Question 11

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?

A) 24
B) 27
C) 33
D) 54

Question 12

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the _____ joints.

A) costovertebral
B) costotransverse
C) intervertebral
D) zygapophyseal

Question 13

The part identified in this figure is the:

A) lamina.
B) pedicle.
C) superior articular process.
D) inferior articular process.

Question 14

The vertebra prominens is the name given to the _____ vertebra.

A) first cervical
B) second cervical
C) seventh cervical
D) first thoracic

Question 15

The condition in which an intervertebral disk "slips" and protrudes into the vertebral canal is called:

A) vertebrogenesis.
B) spondylolysis.
C) spondylolisthesis.
D) herniated nucleus pulposus.

Question 16

The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:

A) transverse foramen.
B) vertebral foramina.
C) intervertebral foramina.
D) inferior vertebral notch.

Question 17

The first cervical vertebra is called the:

A) axis.
B) atlas.
C) dens.
D) vertebra prominens.

Question 18

The part identified in this figure is the:

A) vertebral arch.
B) vertebral foramen.
C) intervertebral foramina.
D) transverse foramen.

Question 19

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:

A) scoliosis.
B) kyphosis.
C) lordosis.
D) scoliokyphosis.

Question 20

The part identified by the arrow on the vertebra in this figure is the:

A) superior articular process.
B) inferior articular process.
C) transverse process.
D) lateral mass.

Question 21

On each side of the sacral base is a large winglike mass called the:

A) ala.
B) base.
C) promontory.
D) superior articular process.

Question 22

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane?

A) 45
B) 90
C) 15 to 20
D) 70 to 75

Question 23

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?

A) To the "Adam's apple"
B) First cervical vertebra
C) Second cervical vertebra
D) Fourth cervical vertebra

Question 24

For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?

A) Lateral cervical vertebrae
B) AP "open mouth" atlas and axis
C) AP dens,Fuchs method
D) AP axial cervical spine

Question 25

The part identified on the lumbar vertebra in this figure is the:

A) superior vertebral notch.
B) inferior vertebral notch.
C) superior articular process.
D) inferior articular process.

Question 26

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the posterior midsagittal plane?

A) 40 to 60
B) 15 to 20
C) 30 to 50
D) 70 to 75

Question 27

The part on the lumbar vertebra identified in this figure is the:

A) superior vertebral notch.
B) inferior vertebral notch.
C) superior articular process.
D) inferior articular process.

Question 28

How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process,for articulation with the tubercle of a rib?

A) 7
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12

Question 29

The x-ray projection demonstrated in this figure is the:

A) AP cervical spine.
B) AP axial cervical spine.
C) AP,open mouth,atlas and axis.
D) AP,Fuchs method,atlas and axis.

Question 30

How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic region?

A) 30 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 15 to 20 degrees
D) 70 to 75 degrees

Question 31

The angle of the articulation between the sacrum and the ilia (the sacroiliac joints)is _____ degrees.

A) 10 to 15
B) 15 to 20
C) 25 to 30
D) 45 to 50

Question 32

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?

A) AP
B) Lateral
C) PA oblique
D) AP oblique

Question 33

The intervertebral foramina of the superior four lumbar vertebrae are situated how many degrees from the midsagittal plane?

A) 90
B) 15 to 20
C) 30 to 50
D) 70 to 75

Question 34

The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane?

A) 45
B) 90
C) 15 to 20
D) 70 to 75

Question 35

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?

A) AP
B) Lateral
C) AP oblique
D) PA oblique

Question 36

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:

A) laterally.
B) 45 degrees anteriorly.
C) 70 degrees anteriorly.
D) 45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly.

Question 37

Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?

A) Glabellomeatal line
B) Orbitomeatal line
C) Acanthiomeatal line
D) A line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process

Question 38

The bony part identified in this figure is the:

A) lamina.
B) pedicle.
C) superior articular process.
D) inferior articular process.

Question 39

The condition of the lumbar spine in which there is anterior displacement of one vertebra over another is termed:

A) scoliosis.
B) spondylolysis.
C) spondylolisthesis.
D) scoliokyphosis.

Question 40

The bony part identified in this figure is the:

A) spinous process.
B) transverse process.
C) pedicle.
D) lamina.

Question 41

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral cervical spine?

A) Third cervical vertebra
B) Fourth cervical vertebra
C) Fifth cervical vertebra
D) Seventh cervical vertebra

Question 42

Where is the central ray directed for an "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?

A) Perpendicular through the open mouth
B) Perpendicular to the acanthion
C) Parallel to the acanthiomeatal line
D) Parallel to the orbitomeatal line

Question 43

Which of the following describes the anatomy of interest for the Fuchs method?

A) AP,dens
B) AP,atlas and axis
C) AP,cervicothoracic region
D) Lateral,cervicothoracic region

Question 44

What is the central-ray angulation for the AP projection of the dens,Fuchs method?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees caudad
C) 15 degrees cephalad
D) 20 degrees cephalad

Question 45

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?

A) Grandy
B) Fuchs
C) Twining
D) Pawlow

Question 46

The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:

A) full expiration.
B) full inspiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) softly phonate "ah" during the exposure.

Question 47

Where is the IR centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral projection of the cervical spine?

A) Second cervical vertebra
B) Third cervical vertebra
C) Fourth cervical vertebra
D) Seventh cervical vertebra

Question 48

Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine (Grandy method)?

A) Second cervical vertebra
B) Third cervical vertebra
C) Fourth cervical vertebra
D) Seventh cervical vertebra

Question 49

How are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervical spine (Grandy method)?

A) Affixed to the elbows
B) Affixed to the wrists
C) Held in the hands
D) Held by the fingers

Question 50

What is the central-ray angle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

A) 15 degrees cephalad
B) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
C) 15 to 20 degrees caudad
D) Perpendicular

Question 51

The respiration phase for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis is:

A) inspiration.
B) expiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) softly phonate "ah" during the exposure.

Question 52

Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?

A) Second cervical vertebra
B) Third cervical vertebra
C) Fourth cervical vertebra
D) Seventh cervical vertebra

Question 53

How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

A) 45 degrees
B) 60 degrees
C) 70 degrees
D) 40 to 60 degrees

Question 54

What is the recommended SID for the lateral cervical spine (Grandy method)?

A) 40 inches
B) 48 inches
C) 40 to 55 inches
D) 60 to 72 inches

Question 55

The Grandy method is a(n):

A) lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae.
B) lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region.
C) AP/PA thoracolumbar spine.
D) lateral thoracolumbar spine.

Question 56

The phase of respiration for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine is:

A) shallow breathing.
B) suspended respiration.
C) full expiration.
D) full inspiration.

Question 57

Where is the center of the IR positioned for the AP projection of the dens,Fuchs method?

A) Acanthion
B) Mental point
C) External acoustic meatus
D) Tip of the mastoid process

Question 58

Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the tabletop for the AP axial cervical vertebrae?

A) Glabellomeatal line
B) Orbitomeatal line
C) Acanthiomeatal line
D) The occlusal plane

Question 59

The central-ray angle for an AP axial of cervical vertebrae is:

A) 10 to 15 degrees cephalad.
B) 5 to 10 degrees cephalad.
C) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad.
D) variable,depending on the body habitus.

Question 60

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?

A) Second cervical vertebra
B) Third cervical vertebra
C) Fourth cervical vertebra
D) Seventh cervical vertebra

Question 61

What is the central-ray angle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

A) 45 degrees cephalad
B) 45 degrees caudad
C) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
D) 15 to 20 degrees caudad

Question 62

What is the central-ray angulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer's technique)when the shoulder can be depressed?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees caudad
C) 10 degrees caudad
D) 15 degrees caudad

Question 63

The respiration phase for an AP or PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine is:

A) shallow breathing.
B) suspended respiration.
C) full inspiration.
D) full expiration.

Question 64

When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer's technique),the central ray is angled:

A) 10 to 20 degrees cephalad.
B) 10 to 20 degrees caudad.
C) 3 to 5 degrees caudad.
D) 3 to 5 degrees cephalad.

Question 65

Where does the central ray exit for the AP axial oblique projection to demonstrate the cervical spine pillars and laminae?

A) C4
B) C5
C) C7
D) T2

Question 66

Which projection is recommended to demonstrate the cervical vertebral arches or pillars when the patient cannot hyperextend the neck?

A) AP axial
B) PA axial
C) AP axial oblique with right and left head rotation
D) Lateral projection,dorsal decubitus position

Question 67

The swimmer's technique lateral projection is performed to demonstrate the:

A) cervical vertebrae.
B) thoracic vertebrae.
C) atlas and axis.
D) cervicothoracic vertebrae.

Question 68

How is the neck positioned for the AP axial projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)?

A) With the occlusal plane perpendicular to the image receptor
B) With the occlusal plane parallel to the image receptor
C) In hyperextension
D) In hyperflexion

Question 69

What is the central-ray angulation for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine on a trauma patient?

A) 15 to 20 degrees caudad
B) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
C) 30 to 40 degrees caudad
D) 30 to 40 degrees cephalad

Question 70

Which of the following will demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?

A) Ottonello method
B) Swimmer's technique
C) Ferguson method
D) Fuchs method

Question 71

The swimmer's technique demonstrates the cervicothoracic region in which projection?

A) AP
B) Lateral
C) AP axial
D) AP axial oblique

Question 72

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

A) Those farthest from the IR
B) Those closest to the IR
C) Both sides equally demonstrated
D) The inferior six closest to the IR

Question 73

Where is the central ray directed for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer's technique)?

A) C4
B) C5
C) C6-C7 interspace
D) C7-T1 interspace

Question 74

Which of the following methods uses a chewing motion of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine in an AP projection?

A) Ottonello
B) Grandy
C) Twining
D) Fuchs

Question 75

For the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer's technique),the recommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is moved:

A) anteriorly.
B) posteriorly.
C) medially.
D) laterally.

Question 76

Where is the central ray directed for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

A) Second cervical vertebra
B) Third cervical vertebra
C) Fourth cervical vertebra
D) Seventh cervical vertebra

Question 77

What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

A) 40 to 48 inches
B) 48 to 60 inches
C) 54 to 62 inches
D) 60 to 72 inches

Question 78

Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

A) Second cervical vertebra
B) Third cervical vertebra
C) Fourth cervical vertebra
D) Seventh cervical vertebra

Question 79

Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer's technique)?

A) C5
B) C6
C) C6-C7 interspace
D) C7-T1 interspace

Question 80

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

A) Those closest to the IR
B) Those farthest from the IR
C) Both sides are equally demonstrated
D) The inferior side farthest from the IR