Deck 9: Substance Related Disorders

Question 1

Consider the case of Elon in Chapter 9 of your textbook. As Elon continued to drink and use illicit drugs, his ability to perform sexually was

A) improved.
B) unaffected.
C) impaired.
D) stellar.

Answer 1

impaired.

Question 2

Repeated use of substances to the point that recurring problems are evident is characteristic of

A) tolerance.
B) substance use.
C) substance use disorder.
D) substance intoxication.

Answer 2

substance use disorder.

Question 3

Substance use can be described along a continuum in these areas:

A) emotions, cognition, and behaviors.
B) internal and external awareness.
C) amount, frequency, and episodes.
D) the user's recognition and assessment.

Answer 3

emotions, cognition, and behaviors.

Question 4

Severe confusion and autonomic overactivity in the form of the sweating, heart palpitations, and trembling that occurs during alcohol withdrawal is called

A) delirious tremens.
B) delirium tremens.
C) delirious tolerance.
D) delirium tolerance.

Question 5

When a long-time, heavy drinker quits drinking suddenly and completely, that person is likely to experience

A) hallucinogenic rebound.
B) extreme dehydration.
C) delirium tremens.
D) immediate relapse and binge drinking.

Question 6

A person who has used an excessive amount of alcohol may experience changes in behavior such as becoming aggressive, making inappropriate sexual advances, and showing poor judgment and rapid shifts in mood, all of which make it more difficult to function effectively. These behavioral changes are said to be

A) maladaptive.
B) malformed.
C) impaired.
D) substance use disorder.

Question 7

Drug-seeking behavior sometimes relates to ____ dependence on a drug, in which a person believes he or she needs that drug to function effectively.

A) physical
B) physiological
C) psychobiological
D) psychological

Question 8

Jack's substance use has become so severe that many areas of his life are greatly impaired. His extensive and varied drug use has caused academic failure, financial ruin, and legal troubles. A person such as Jack may have

A) a substance-related disorder.
B) intoxicant pathology.
C) substance overload.
D) paradoxical intoxication.

Question 9

Substance use disorders generally involve

A) impaired control.
B) social facilitation.
C) safe use.
D) stable levels of consumption.

Question 10

A person who comes home after a long week at work, drinks two or three margaritas, and falls asleep ____ a mental disorder.

A) definitely has
B) probably does not have
C) probably has
D) is lying about having

Question 11

The severe physical and behavioral changes that can occur when a person stops using a drug are referred to as

A) tolerance.
B) withdrawal.
C) intoxication.
D) abuse.

Question 12

Janine would really like to quit smoking but simply cannot fight the cravings. Which aspect of substance use disorder does Janine struggle with?

A) social impairment
B) impaired control
C) risky use
D) tolerance

Question 13

Tyra drinks alcohol frequently. Her partner has expressed concerns about her drinking and they have been fighting about it to the extent that a break-up is imminent. Many of Tyra's old friends have become distant because of her drinking, as has her family. Which aspect of substance use disorder is illustrated here?

A) social impairment
B) impaired control
C) risky use
D) tolerance

Question 14

Some people may be intoxicated for short periods; others go on ____ and remain intoxicated for lengthy periods.

A) withdrawals
B) travels
C) binges
D) blackouts

Question 15

Charmane started smoking when she started college. At first, she found that one cigarette could give her a burst of energy that would keep her going all evening on her homework. But by winter break, Charmane finds that she needs three cigarettes to get that same burst of energy to keep going. Charmane is experiencing

A) impaired control.
B) intoxication.
C) withdrawal.
D) tolerance.

Question 16

The need to ingest greater and greater quantities of the drug to achieve the same effect is defined as

A) tolerance.
B) abuse.
C) synergistic effects.
D) intoxication.

Question 17

Drugs such as alcohol that inhibit aspects of the central nervous system are called

A) disinhibitants.
B) depressants.
C) stimulants.
D) intoxicants.

Question 18

A person who experiences alcohol intoxication is likely to demonstrate which of the following?

A) slurred speech
B) incoordination
C) unsteady gait
D) all of these choices

Question 19

The best known and most widely used depressant drug is

A) morphine.
B) LSD.
C) methamphetamine.
D) alcohol.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of substance use?

A) Ellie is tired and turns on white noise to help her sleep.
B) Karen smokes cigarettes to relax.
C) Molly takes Xanax before surgery to calm down.
D) Allen has a few beers so he will feel more comfortable interacting at a party.

Question 21

A derivative of morphine that is typically injected is

A) hash.
B) cannabis.
C) heroin.
D) LSD.

Question 22

A cognitive disorder that involves confusion, memory loss, and problems with coordination because of thiamine deficiency from extended alcohol use is

A) cirrhosis of the liver.
B) fetal alcohol syndrome.
C) Korsakoff's syndrome.
D) pancreatitis.

Question 23

When alcohol inhibits a key inhibitory brain system, the process is known as

A) declination.
B) disinhibition.
C) dependency.
D) withdrawal.

Question 24

A condition that includes facial abnormalities, slowed physical growth, cognitive impairment, and learning problems is

A) autism.
B) fetal alcohol syndrome.
C) Korsakoff's syndrome.
D) pancreatitis.

Question 25

Many college students ingest large amounts of alcohol in a short period that may result in death or numerous other problems. This pattern of use is termed

A) disinhibition.
B) indoctrination.
C) overtolerance.
D) binge drinking.

Question 26

As a person drinks more alcohol past the disinhibition stage, he/she becomes more intoxicated as ____ areas of the brain become depressed or inhibited. These areas include the reticular activating system, the limbic system, and the cortex.

A) inhibitory
B) excitatory
C) intoxicatory
D) tolerance

Question 27

Cocaine and amphetamines are powerful drugs that

A) cause serious addictive problems for users.
B) are often casually used with no problem.
C) have several safe levels but often lead to heroin usage.
D) initially speed up but then slow down the CNS.

Question 28

Drinking alcohol past the disinhibition stage will result in a(n)

A) reactivation of awareness.
B) immediate total loss of consciousness.
C) inhibition of excitatory brain areas.
D) unique sort of experience similar to hallucinations.

Question 29

Bradford has just been diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver. What does this mean?

A) His liver has shrunken but is still functioning.
B) His liver has swollen but is still normal.
C) His liver tissue has been replaced by scar tissue.
D) His liver tissue has become covered with cysts.

Question 30

Korsakoff's syndrome is a disorder marked by confusion and memory loss, and it is tied to extended use of ____ and resulting thiamine deficiency,

A) cannabis
B) LSD
C) alcohol
D) amphetamines

Question 31

Opiates such as morphine or codeine are drugs commonly used to relieve pain or cough and are sometimes called

A) narcotics.
B) stimulants.
C) anxiolytics.
D) psychotics.

Question 32

The lethal dose, or LD, of a substance is an attempt to

A) discourage users with scary labels.
B) identify individual differences.
C) provide actual evidence from accidents.
D) correlate the amount ingested with death.

Question 33

When combining alcohol use with other drugs,

A) the effect is multiplicative, not additive.
B) alcohol nullifies the other drugs.
C) the other drugs nullify the alcohol.
D) alcohol reduces overall effects.

Question 34

Increased sexual desire with poor performance, memory impairments, and the erroneous belief that problem-solving ability is adequate are common effects of

A) caffeine.
B) alcohol.
C) withdrawal.
D) synergism.

Question 35

Bill mixes alcohol with other drugs, which lowers the dose necessary for death. This is because mixing different drugs causes a(n) ____ effect.

A) subtractive
B) additive
C) synergistic
D) canceling

Question 36

In order to meet criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder, a person must display at least two of the specified symptoms within a ____ period.

A) 1 month
B) 3 month
C) 6 month
D) 12 month

Question 37

Used medicinally for pain, ____ are a category of drugs that are extremely addictive.

A) depressants
B) opiates
C) hallucinogens
D) laxatives

Question 38

The combination of ____ is called a speedball.

A) amphetamine and methamphetamine
B) cocaine and heroin
C) marijuana and PCP
D) alcohol and caffeine

Question 39

In most states, the legal cutoff for DUI is a blood alcohol level of

A) .01.
B) .08.
C) .10.
D) .18.

Question 40

Sarah has not seen her uncle in three years. She is shocked when she finally does see him at a Thanksgiving dinner she is hosting because he has changed drastically. He is extremely thin, has lost a lot of teeth and looks about 20 years older. He seems anxious and depressed, even paranoid. She is further upset when she realizes he has stolen a large amount of cash from her dresser. Sarah suspects he has a substance use disorder. Use of what substance would most likely cause all of what Sarah has observed?

A) methamphetamine
B) hallucinogens
C) ecstasy
D) marijuana

Question 41

When drugs are crafted for specific purposes, they are designated as

A) date rape drugs.
B) generic derivatives.
C) designer or club drugs.
D) partial potency drugs.

Question 42

In a typical 12-month period, which illegal drug is most likely to be used for the first time?

A) marijuana
B) cocaine
C) heroin
D) ecstasy

Question 43

Stimuli associated with drug use, such as friends, favorite hangouts, and other things that stimulate further drug use, are called

A) good reminders.
B) drug paraphernalia.
C) drug cues.
D) drug cravings.

Question 44

Substance-related disorders are comorbid with other mental disorders, especially

A) anxiety disorders.
B) somatic symptom disorders.
C) schizophrenia.
D) all of these choices.

Question 45

The primary brain area associated with substance-related disorders is the

A) frontal cortex.
B) hypothalamus.
C) mesolimbic pathway.
D) anterior and posterior pleasure center.

Question 46

The D2 receptor dysfunction with resulting inability to enjoy everyday rewards is called

A) negative reinforcement syndrome.
B) reward deficiency syndrome.
C) low affect syndrome.
D) crave/satisfaction disproportion.

Question 47

Martin has excessively used alcohol for many years. His brain size is likely to be

A) smaller in the medulla, but larger in the frontal lobe.
B) unaffected by his alcohol consumption.
C) larger than normal.
D) smaller than normal.

Question 48

According to your textbook, which brain feature is most closely involved in the priming, drug cues, craving, and stress that all contribute to substance-related disorders?

A) mesolimbic system
B) occipital lobe
C) hippocampus
D) stria

Question 49

THC is found in

A) coffee beans.
B) alcoholic beverages.
C) cannabis sativa.
D) methamphetamine.

Question 50

Illegally used prescription medications tend to be the drugs of choice with increased age, while ____ tend to be the illegal drugs of choice for teenagers.

A) inhalants and marijuana
B) alcohol and marijuana
C) prescription drugs and marijuana
D) prescription drugs and alcohol

Question 51

Areta has been date raped, a crime that was facilitated by drugging her. Which drug would her rapist have been most likely to use?

A) LSD
B) PCP
C) bath salts
D) ketamine

Question 52

Jed was in a residential treatment program for substance-related disorders that was one of the few programs that also addresses stigma among this population. What would likely be the program's focus for reducing stigma?

A) educating family members about substance-related disorders, promoting understanding of the afflicted person, and identifying shared hopes
B) accepting difficult feelings, connecting with others, emphasizing process over content in negative thinking, and exploring goals and values in life
C) understanding the impact of substance use on others, seeking forgiveness, doing penance, and making up for past wrongs
D) all of these choices

Question 53

When people have a glass of wine to relax, smoke a cigarette to unwind, or snort a line of cocaine to enhance mood, it clearly indicates how ____ can trigger substance use.

A) alcohol
B) stress
C) nicotine
D) caffeine

Question 54

Dopamine release acts as a powerful

A) punisher.
B) reward.
C) stimulator.
D) depressant.

Question 55

Genetics may influence the development of alcoholism, since the offspring of alcoholics may have a(n) ____ level of response to alcohol, which, in turn, increases the likelihood of alcoholism.

A) low
B) moderate
C) high
D) extremely high

Question 56

The highest 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of the major substance-related disorders are associated with

A) cocaine use.
B) heroin use.
C) cannabis use.
D) alcohol use.

Question 57

Genetics plays a role in substance use disorders and has been particularly implicated with ____ dependence, which has a heritability estimate of 0.49.

A) club drugs
B) hallucinogens
C) inhalants
D) alcohol

Question 58

In ____, a single drug dose, such as a drink of alcohol or a snorted line of cocaine, leads to an uncontrollable binge.

A) cuing
B) priming
C) cravings
D) disinhibition

Question 59

Andy has taken a drug that has produced powerful distortions in his perceptions. He has reported tasting certain colors and smelling certain sounds. Andy has likely taken a(n)

A) hallucinogen.
B) stimulate.
C) narcotic.
D) date rape drug.

Question 60

Individuals with substance substance-related disorders report stigma, including believing that others

A) treated them unfairly.
B) were afraid of them.
C) gave up on them.
D) engaged in all of these behaviors.

Question 61

A critical environmental factor with the ability to trigger relapse of substance-related disorders is

A) low level of stimulation.
B) stress.
C) humiliation.
D) frustration.

Question 62

One common cognitive factor involved in alcohol use is that people believe that

A) they will be forgiven.
B) they will become healthier.
C) it will enhance their social functioning.
D) it makes the world a better place.

Question 63

Various inappropriate family factors provide some correlational insight into causes of substance-related disorders. One problem with this type of evidence, though, is that family factors are confounded by

A) comorbid anxiety.
B) genetic predisposition.
C) peer group pressure.
D) remarriage and half siblings.

Question 64

Drug use can be quite rewarding, and therefore is maintained by

A) classical conditioning.
B) observational learning.
C) vicarious learning.
D) operant conditioning.

Question 65

People do not generally pick up a crack pipe or inject heroin themselves, but usually learn the behavior by

A) modeling.
B) classical conditioning.
C) operant conditioning.
D) none of these choices.

Question 66

Research on heroin addiction in Vietnam-based soldiers in the 1960s and 1970s generally revealed the importance of ____ as a risk factor for substance-related disorders.

A) cognitive distortions
B) learning
C) genetics
D) neurochemical change

Question 67

Caffeine helps to release ____ in order to enhance mood.

A) epinephrine
B) norepinephrine
C) neither epinephrine or norepinephrine
D) both epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 68

Pam's son is a college student and an alcoholic. He still lives at home, and she often cleans up messes that occur when he is binge drinking. Even though she wishes desperately he was not an alcoholic, she still feels like she somehow contributes to it. She tries to help him complete his assignments in school, even though they are really his responsibility, because she doesn't want to see him fail. What family factor discussed in your textbook is at work in this situation?

A) impulsivity
B) family members also have substance use disorders
C) codependency
D) parent psychopathology

Question 69

Modeling of substance use may be especially pertinent to which of the following groups?

A) children
B) adolescents
C) middle age adults
D) senior citizens

Question 70

Increased glutamate from stress may produce a state of sadness from dopamine depletion to trigger cravings for increased dopamine by using drugs, thereby increasing risk of

A) drug relapse.
B) drug effects.
C) drug tolerance.
D) drug withdrawal.

Question 71

Drug use can serve as a powerful ____, in that stress, pressure, depression, and withdrawal symptoms recede.

A) punisher
B) negative reinforcer
C) positive reinforcer
D) conditioner

Question 72

Activation of the certain brain substances related to stress, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone and ____ help us cope but also increase dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway and may lead to stress-induced relapse.

A) cortisol
B) endorphin
C) cortisone
D) substance P

Question 73

One common misperception among people with substance-related disorders is increased ____ about effects of various substances and minimization of negative effects.

A) negative expectations
B) positive punishments
C) positive expectancies
D) negative punishments

Question 74

Elise is responding to a survey asking about her parents' attitudes towards substance use. She says that her parents strongly disapprove of it. Elise is probably

A) not affected by her mothers' attitude, but very affected by her fathers' attitude, toward substance use.
B) not affected by her parents' attitudes toward substance use as she makes her own decisions about substance use.
C) more likely to use a substance in the coming month because of her parents' disapproval of substance use.
D) less likely to use a substance in the coming month because of her parents' disapproval of substance use.

Question 75

The two main personality factors that seem to relate to substance-related disorders are

A) impulsivity and psychopathy.
B) antisocial and histrionic.
C) dependent and aggressive.
D) paranoid and impulsive.

Question 76

Periods of heavy drinking in which a person with alcoholism can remember events only when someone reminds them of what happened or they drink heavily again are referred to as

A) brownouts.
B) blackouts.
C) grayouts.
D) whiteouts.

Question 77

People with alcoholism may have periods of heavy drinking about which they will remember nothing. These periods are known as

A) brownouts.
B) blackouts.
C) grayouts.
D) whiteouts.

Question 78

Risk-taking, lack of planning, chaotic lifestyle, desire for immediate gratification, and explosiveness are defining characteristics of

A) impulsivity.
B) compulsivity.
C) repulsivity.
D) antisocial personality.

Question 79

Which statement about children of parents with substance-related disorders is true?

A) These children are less likely to develop a substance-related disorder.
B) These children are more likely to develop alcoholism, but less likely to become smokers.
C) These children are more likely to become smokers, but less likely to develop alcoholism.
D) These children are more likely to develop a substance-related disorder.

Question 80

The dysfunctional behaviors that spouses, partners, children, and others engage in to cope with the stress of having a family member with a substance-related disorder are termed

A) dependency.
B) codependency.
C) antisocial personality.
D) substance use.