Deck 7: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders and Suicide

Question 1

When a person's depression or mania becomes so severe that it interferes with daily functioning, he/she could be diagnosed with a(n)

A) anxiety disorder.
B) depressive disorder.
C) mood disorder.
D) antisocial personality.

Answer 1

mood disorder.

Question 2

When mood disorders are studied on a continuum, which three main features are described?

A) interpersonal, extrapersonal, and cognition
B) emotions, cognitions, and behaviors
C) affect, intensity, and debilitation
D) physiological, psychological, and medical

Answer 2

emotions, cognitions, and behaviors

Question 3

People with very severe cases of depression, or ____, may be so slowed down such that they do not move any muscles for hours.

A) chronic depressive syndrome.
B) clinical unipolar disorder.
C) severe genetic disorder.
D) melancholia.

Answer 3

melancholia.

Question 4

Dwelling on the negative aspects of the day, such as a couple of mistakes on a test or a cold shoulder from a coworker is most consistent with ____.

A) mild sadness
B) moderate sadness
C) less severe depression
D) more severe depression

Question 5

A period of time, typically at least two weeks but usually longer, during which a person experiences sad or empty moods most of the day, nearly every day, is a defining characteristic of

A) a normal state of awareness.
B) a major depressive episode.
C) hypersomnia.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 6

Euphoria can be ____ for some people.

A) temporary or constant
B) stressful or calming
C) common or uncommon
D) lingering or ongoing

Question 7

Because Samuel has experienced very sad moods and a feeling of emptiness for periods of two weeks or longer (along with the inability to experience pleasure and significant sleep difficulties), he will most accurately be diagnosed with a

A) moderate depressive episode.
B) major depressive disorder.
C) chronic unit polar disorder.
D) lingering or persistent melancholy.

Question 8

Someone with depression only has a ____ mood disorder.

A) unipolar
B) mild
C) bipolar
D) tertiary

Question 9

The most serious symptom of a major depressive episode is thoughts or ideas about ____.

A) academic failure or institutionalization
B) suicide or death, or an actual suicide attempt
C) anxiety or panic attacks
D) commitment or relationships

Question 10

An intense state of happiness is known as

A) melancholy.
B) euphoria.
C) dysthymia.
D) depression.

Question 11

Edward is in the midst of a major depressive episode. He has just learned that his best friend is going through a divorce and feels responsible for it, even though he had nothing to do with it. Which symptom of depression is this?

A) hypersomnia
B) feeling worthless and guilty
C) melancholia
D) suicidal ideology

Question 12

Mood disorder symptoms that occur on a continuum, as illustrated in your textbook, can be

A) normal, mild, moderate, less severe, and more severe.
B) normal range, moderate range, and severe range.
C) less than normal, normal, and more than normal.
D) individualized altogether.

Question 13

Depression and mania can occur in the same individual. When this happens, the person would be most accurately diagnosed as having a(n)

A) unipolar mood disorder.
B) bipolar mood disorder.
C) anxiety disorder.
D) depressive disorder.

Question 14

A key characteristic of a major depressive episode is a feeling of ____, or trouble gathering energy.

A) slowness
B) euphoria
C) paranoia
D) displacement

Question 15

Major depressive episode may involve severe changes in

A) appetite, but not sleep.
B) weight only.
C) sleep, but not appetite.
D) appetite, weight, and/or sleep.

Question 16

People experiencing a major depressive episode lose

A) their thought process.
B) pleasure doing things they used to enjoy.
C) their memory.
D) their family connections.

Question 17

When occurring in mood disorders, bizarre ideas or hearing voices that are not real are referred to as

A) psychiatric dimensions.
B) dementia.
C) psychotic features.
D) psychoactive hypnosis.

Question 18

John believes that he is especially powerful or talented when this is not actually true. He is experiencing

A) depression.
B) psychosis.
C) grandiosity.
D) hallucinations.

Question 19

Major depressive disorder is also known as

A) long-lasting depression.
B) extensive depression.
C) unipolar depression.
D) bipolar depression.

Question 20

In the case about Katey that opens Chapter 7 of your text, Katey often compensates for mood changes by ____ and ____.

A) drinking alcohol; working hard
B) working hard; vacationing
C) complaining; drinking alcohol
D) complaining; vacationing

Question 21

Depression in some people occurs more in fall or winter months, a condition called

A) fall depression disorder.
B) postpartum depression.
C) seasonal depression.
D) situational affective disorder.

Question 22

Mixed features in bipolar I disorder involve

A) both mood and anxiety symptoms.
B) mania with symptoms of depression that do not rise to the level of a major depressive episode.
C) depression with symptoms of mania that do not rise to the level of a manic episode.
D) neurotransmitter cycling.

Question 23

What is a major distinction between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder?

A) Hypomania occurs in bipoloar II but mania occurs in bipolar I.
B) Hypomania occurs in bipolar I but mania occurs in bipolar II.
C) Major depression occurs in bipolar I but not in bipolar II
D) Rapid cycling occurs in bipolar II but not bipolar I.

Question 24

The presence of dysthymia and a major depressive episode at the same time is termed

A) double jeopardy.
B) depression comorbidity.
C) double depression.
D) hypersensitivity depression.

Question 25

Elizabeth is in the midst of a manic episode. Her mind seems to be racing so quickly that she can't even express her thoughts because her mouth cannot keep up. Elizabeth is experiencing a symptom of mania known as

A) grandiosity.
B) flight of ideas.
C) distractibility.
D) hypomania.

Question 26

Wayne experiences one or more full manic episodes alternating with episodes of major depression. He is most likely to be diagnosed with

A) borderline personality.
B) bipolar I disorder.
C) bipolar II disorder.
D) continuous cycling disorder.

Question 27

A period of time during which a person feels highly euphoric or extremely irritable is known as

A) mania.
B) hyperactivity.
C) hyposomnia.
D) hyperirritability.

Question 28

Thinking about suicide but not necessarily being driven toward the act is most accurately termed

A) morbid curiosity.
B) suicidal fantasy.
C) suicidal ideation.
D) death wish.

Question 29

Paul has been repeatedly cutting himself and occasionally burning himself with a lighter, but without the intent to die. He is best described as demonstrating

A) attempted suicide.
B) parasuicidal behavior.
C) suicidal ideation.
D) attention-getting behavior.

Question 30

People with ____ do not have full-blown episodes of depression, mania, or hypomania, but the symptoms of hypomania and depression have lasted over at least a two-year period.

A) hypomania type I
B) bipolar type I
C) cyclothymia
D) borderline type I

Question 31

Sharon has been experiencing thoughts about death, killing herself, funerals, and other morbid ideas related to her death. Her therapist indicates that she is experiencing

A) suicide syndrome.
B) parasuicidal behavior.
C) suicidal ideation.
D) suicide prodrome.

Question 32

Individuals with changes in mood toward depression or mania occurring almost daily for a certain period of time, especially in women, have

A) rapid cycling.
B) continuous cycling.
C) bipolar cycling.
D) manic-depressive cycling.

Question 33

An episode that comprises the same symptoms as a manic episode but may not cause severe impairment in daily functioning is referred to as a

A) hypermanic episode.
B) hypomanic episode.
C) postpartum episode.
D) peripartum episode.

Question 34

Javier has always been sort of a "down" kind of person. All his life, he has experienced fatigue, low self-esteem, trouble concentrating or making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. Javier might be diagnosed with

A) dysthymia.
B) cyclothymia.
C) major depressive disorder.
D) bipolar I disorder.

Question 35

Depression that may occur following the birth of a child is known as

A) seasonal depression.
B) childbirth depression.
C) sensational depression.
D) postpartum depression.

Question 36

A highly euphoric person in a manic episode who feels as though he/she can do something impossible is best described as experiencing

A) exaggerated cognitions
B) an irrational fantasy.
C) grandiosity.
D) unbounded belief.

Question 37

What disorder is similar to major depression and characterized by chronic feelings of depression for at least two years?

A) dysthymia
B) chronic mood disorder
C) long-term depression disorder
D) none of these

Question 38

Jan has episodes of hypomania that alternate with episodes of major depression. She is most likely experiencing

A) bipolar I disorder.
B) bipolar II disorder.
C) atypical bipolar disorder.
D) manic depressive disorder.

Question 39

Severe problems in functioning at school or work can result from extreme ____ that many people experience during a manic episode.

A) distractibility
B) slowness
C) desire to socialize
D) anxiety

Question 40

Some people with bipolar disorder experience ____, which means they frequently switch from depression to mania and back again with little or no period of abnormal mood.

A) bipolar cycling
B) manic cycling
C) rapid cycling
D) continuous cycling

Question 41

Suicide attempts are more common in ___ than in ____.

A) educated people; uneducated people
B) country people; city people
C) men; women
D) women; men

Question 42

European Americans are diagnosed with bipolar disorder more than African-Americans. What is the most likely cause?

A) differences in access to care only
B) differences in symptom presentation only
C) differences in family history but not in environment
D) differences in both access to care and in symptom presentation

Question 43

Generally speaking, women ____ suicide ____ often than men.

A) attempt; more
B) attempt; less
C) complete; more
D) complete; as

Question 44

Alcohol and stressful life events are

A) unrelated.
B) related to each other but not to suicide.
C) implicated in some mood disorders.
D) closely linked to suicide.

Question 45

Compared to United States, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, China, and Canada, suicide rates are highest in

A) Eastern Europe.
B) Western Europe.
C) Southern Europe.
D) Northern Europe.

Question 46

Twin studies suggest that mood disorders have a ____ basis.

A) psychogenic
B) psychoactive
C) genetic
D) biogeneric

Question 47

When a person feels oppressed by society and believes that his or her only means of escape is through death, he or she may be predisposed to

A) altruistic suicide.
B) fatalistic suicide.
C) egotistical suicide.
D) anomic suicide.

Question 48

Most completed suicides result from

A) firearms.
B) drowning.
C) jumping from a high place.
D) car "accidents".

Question 49

The rates of depression experiences by European Americans and African-Americans are ____.

A) comparable
B) disparate
C) unknown
D) inconclusive

Question 50

Lifetime prevalence rates are relatively high in

A) Lebanon and France.
B) China and Japan.
C) Turkey and Iran.
D) Egypt and Morocco.

Question 51

Which individual is NOT exhibiting a stigma against someone with major depressive disorder?

A) Linda's mom tells her she needs to "snap out of it" and thinks she just isn't trying hard enough to do so.
B) Marley's employer decides not to promote her because she is worried that moving to a position of management will be too stressful for someone with a history of depression.
C) Jacques' doctor tells her that her sadness really is not that big of a deal, and she probably just needs to get out more, and not seek intensive treatment.
D) Kyla's sister studies websites about depression so that she can identify symptoms of depression in Kyla and point her to the right avenues for treatment.

Question 52

____ are depressed at twice the rate of ____.

A) Adult females; adolescent females
B) Males; adolescent and adult females
C) Adolescent and adult females; males
D) Adolescent males; adult males

Question 53

Risk factors for suicide include

A) young age, lower job satisfaction, and alienation.
B) cult membership, delusional beliefs, and discontent.
C) African ancestry, genetic predisposition, and poverty.
D) advanced age, unemployment, and social isolation.

Question 54

Severe depression and dysthymia are most highly comorbid with which other category of disorder?

A) anxiety
B) dissociative
C) schizophrenia
D) autism spectrum

Question 55

Individuals with depressive and bipolar disorders often experience stigma that may lead them to

A) avoid starting close personal relationships.
B) not apply for employment.
C) not apply for education or training opportunities.
D) do all of these.

Question 56

When a soldier sacrifices their life to save his/her comrades, he/she has committed

A) altruistic suicide.
B) fatalistic suicide.
C) egoistic suicide.
D) anomic suicide.

Question 57

Depression in females increases significantly around the beginning of

A) menopause.
B) adolescence.
C) pregnancy.
D) senility.

Question 58

Shortly after the birth of her daughter, Pat experienced a major depressive episode that was referred to as

A) post-menstrual depression.
B) pre-partum depression.
C) postpartum depression.
D) manic depressive disorder.

Question 59

A severe condition that affects about 13% of women after they give birth is called

A) hormonal mood syndrome.
B) after birth reality shock.
C) postpartum depression.
D) unipolar hormonal depression.

Question 60

A controversial condition that refers to depressive symptoms that occur during most menstrual cycles in the past year is

A) post-menstrual dysphoria.
B) premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
C) post-menstrual disorder.
D) premenstrual disorder.

Question 61

Those with mood disorder often show a(n) ____ activity in the ____ brain areas.

A) increased; overall
B) average; mid
C) reduced; prefrontal and other cortical
D) intermittent; limbic system

Question 62

Anissa has just lost her job. Which attributional pattern would most strongly suggest that Anissa is at risk for depression?

A) I lost my job because I am not smart enough to compete in the workforce, and everywhere I go everyone can see this about me.
B) I lost my job because the economy has been so bad, and everywhere I go this seems to be true.
C) I lost my job because I have had a hard time managing everything while I had to take care of my aging mother who died in the last month.
D) I lost my job because my boss is a real jerk who has never liked me from the start.

Question 63

People with bipolar disorder and people with schizophrenia may have ____ in the brain.

A) increased white and gray matter
B) reduced white and gray matter
C) reduced white matter and increased gray matter
D) increased white matter and reduced gray matter

Question 64

A key thyroid hormone that interacts significantly with serotonin and works well with antidepressants to relieve depression is

A) thyroxine.
B) thyrodine.
C) triiodothyronine.
D) trithyroxine.

Question 65

Brain circuit functioning problems in depressive and bipolar disorders are

A) similar, except that depression involves the limbic-thalamic-cortical circuits as opposed to cortical-limbic circuits.
B) virtually identical.
C) similar, except that bipolar disorder involves the limbic-thalamic-cortical circuits as opposed to cortical-limbic circuits.
D) variable by individual.

Question 66

Nicole feels like she is completely without talent and has nothing to offer the world. She is sure other people see her as a failure and a waste. Because of this, she doesn't see any future for herself. These three beliefs about herself, her world view, and her future illustrate that Nicole has a risk factor for depression known as the

A) negative cognitive triad.
B) distorted cognitive triad.
C) automatic cognition triad.
D) cognitive delusion triad.

Question 67

Cognitive theories of depression generally relate to ____ depression.

A) mild to moderate
B) moderate to severe
C) severe to profound
D) all severities of

Question 68

Gene studies suggest that genes work in a ____ fashion in the context of mood disorders.

A) psychogenic
B) psychoactive
C) polygenic
D) biogeneric

Question 69

Given the status of genetics research on depressive and bipolar disorders, we can conclude that

A) no one gene likely leads directly to depressive or bipolar disorders.
B) no one set of genes leads directly to depressive or bipolar disorders.
C) genetics may produce brain, neurochemical, hormonal, or other changes that lead to a depressive or bipolar disorders.
D) all of these statements are correct.

Question 70

People with depression move to which stage of sleep more quickly than normal?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) REM

Question 71

An environmental risk factor closely related to mood disorders is negative thought patterns, or

A) automatic thoughts.
B) hopefulness constructs.
C) cognitive distortions.
D) delusions.

Question 72

One's internal sleep-wake clock is referred to as

A) circadian rhythms.
B) ultradian rhythms.
C) infradian rhythms.
D) sleep-wake rhythms.

Question 73

Brain changes in depressive disorders typically involve the ____ whereas brain changes in bipolar disorders involve the ____.

A) cortical-limbic circuits; limbic-thalamic-cortical circuits
B) limbic-thalamic-cortical circuits; cortical-limbic circuits
C) cortical-limbic circuits; thalamic-basal circuits
D) limbic-thalamic-cortical circuits; thalamic-basal circuits

Question 74

Stressful life events seem to have a triggering effect on

A) only major depressive episodes or reactions.
B) coping skills reaction building.
C) both depressive and manic episodes.
D) only manic type episodes.

Question 75

People with depression have lower than normal levels of which neurotransmitter in particular?

A) dopamine
B) epinephrine
C) serotonin
D) norepinephrine

Question 76

People with severe depression and cognitive deficits such as memory problems often have increased levels of

A) cortisone.
B) epinephrine.
C) cortisol.
D) norepinephrine.

Question 77

Genetic predisposition toward a mood disorder seems

A) stronger for depression than for bipolar disorder.
B) stronger for bipolar disorder than for depression.
C) about the same for depression and bipolar disorder.
D) to be based on instability.

Question 78

A cognitive theory of depression that is referred to as ____ focuses on negative attributions people make about an event.

A) cognitive theory
B) cognitive factor theory
C) hope for the future theory
D) hopelessness theory

Question 79

People with bipolar disorder have

A) increased levels of dopamine and glutamate.
B) increased levels of dopamine and decreased levels of glutamate.
C) decreased levels of dopamine and increased levels of glutamate.
D) decreased levels of dopamine and glutamate.

Question 80

Which approach to understanding depression focuses on whether people believe that events are stable or transient, global (affecting all aspects of their lives) or isolated, and caused by internal or external factors?

A) the hopelessness and helplessness theory
B) the "you're okay, but I'm not" theory
C) the attribution theory
D) the negative cognitive triad theory