Deck 18: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Question 1

Parents of a 3 month old bring the infant to the emergency room (ER) after a seizure has caused muscle rigidity.Both parents are of Jewish ancestry.For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?

A) Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
B) Congenital encephalopathy
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) PKU

Answer 1

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 2

An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus.Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to find?

A) Enlarged ventricles
B) Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production
C) Increased resorption of CSF
D) Smaller than average head circumference

Answer 2

Enlarged ventricles

Question 3

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Answer 3

Spastic

Question 4

A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement.Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing?

A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Question 5

A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now diagnosed with meningitis.Which is the most likely microorganism the nurse will find on the lab report?

A) Virus
B) H.influenzae type B
C) S.pneumonia
D) N.meningitidis

Question 6

An infant has an anterior midline defect of neural tube closure.What term will the nurse observe written on the chart?

A) Anencephaly
B) Myelodysplasia
C) Cyclopia
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 7

When should the nurse assess for the vomiting and headache that are the classic symptoms of childhood brain tumors?

A) Morning
B) Early afternoon
C) As the sun goes down and darkness begins
D) During the middle of the night

Question 8

It is true that viral meningitis:

A) is always sudden in onset.
B) often occurs with measles, mumps, or herpes.
C) is effectively treated with antibiotics.
D) causes increased sugar in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

Question 9

A 10-month-old infant presents for a well-baby visit.Which of the following reflexes should be present at this age?

A) Stepping
B) Sucking
C) Landau
D) Palmar grasp

Question 10

What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?

A) Protein
B) Iron
C) Vitamin D
D) Folic acid

Question 11

What term is used to document a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital area of the skull?

A) Encephalocele
B) Meningocele
C) Myelomeningocele
D) Craniosynostosis

Question 12

Which of the following diseases does the nurse screen for in all newborns?

A) Epilepsy
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Pica
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 13

What is the cause of true (primary) microcephaly?

A) Viral infection
B) An autosomal recessive gene
C) Fetal trauma
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 14

What term is used to describe a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life?

A) Craniosynostosis
B) Congential hydrocephalus
C) Microcephaly
D) Acrania

Question 15

During infancy, what is the fastest growing part of the human body?

A) Spinal cord
B) Limb bones
C) Head
D) Vertebral column

Question 16

Which term is used to document a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra?

A) Craniosynostosis
B) Meningocele
C) Encephalocele
D) Myelomeningocele

Question 17

A 3 year old has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis.What should the nurse expect to find on the lab report for the most common cause of this bacterial meningitis?

A) Haemophilus influenzae
B) Neisseria meningitidis
C) Streptococcus pneumonia
D) Escherichia coli

Question 18

A nurse is preparing to teach about the most common defects of neural tube closure.Which one should the nurse discuss?

A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Lateral
D) Superior

Question 19

A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labor.Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Congenital hydrocephalus
B) Microcephaly
C) Dandy-Walker deformity
D) Macewen sign

Question 20

Which reflex of infancy will disappear first?

A) Stepping
B) Rooting
C) Palmar grasp
D) Moro reflex

Question 21

The percent of retinoblastomas that are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait is ____%.

Question 22

A nurse is preparing to teach about brain tumors.Which information should the nurse include? The most common type of brain tumor in children is:

A) neuroblastoma.
B) astrocytoma.
C) meningioma.
D) germ cell.

Question 23

A nurse recalls that the most frequent location of a neuroblastoma is the:

A) retroperitoneal region.
B) mediastinum.
C) cervical ganglion.
D) lung.

Question 24

What is the most common location of brain tumors in children?

A) Above the cerebellum
B) In the posterior fossa
C) In the anterior cerebrum
D) In the ventricular lining

Question 25

A 10 year old presents with headache and seizures.CT scan reveals a tumor that is located near the pituitary gland.Which of the following is the most likely tumor type?

A) Astrocytoma
B) Craniopharyngioma
C) Ependymoma
D) Medulloblastoma

Question 26

A newborn child is diagnosed with a vertebral arch defect, spina bifida.This condition would lead the nurse to suspect the child may have which of the following as well? (Select all that apply.)

A) Type II Chiari malformation
B) Myelomeningocele
C) Meningocele
D) Acrania
E) Craniosynostosis

Question 27

Assessment signs of neuroblastoma include: (Select all that apply.)

A) weight loss.
B) irritability.
C) fatigue.
D) fever.
E) constipation.