Deck 10: The Emergence of Homo Sapiens

Question 1

New evidence suggests that people were hunting big game as long as _________ years ago.

A) 1,000,000
B) 400,000
C) 100,000
D) 50,000

Answer 1

400,000

Question 2

Toward the end of the Acheulian period, a technique developed that enabled the toolmaker to produce flake tools of a predetermined size, the ____________ method.

A) Mousterian
B) Oldowan
C) Levalloisian
D) none of the above

Answer 2

Levalloisian

Question 3

The ___________scenario has the clearest archaeological evidence to support it.

A) interbreeding
B) genocide
C) extinction
D) intermediate

Answer 3

extinction

Question 4

__________ and her colleagues presented evidence that the modern ancestor of people in the United States, New Guinea, Africa, and East Asia lived about 200,000 years ago.

A) Rebecca Cann
B) Mary Leakey
C) Nancy Minugh-Purvis
D) Sally Binford

Question 5

In __________, researchers from the United States and Germany published findings from mtDNA taken from the original Neandertal and compared it with modern humans, forcing a reconsideration of the relationship of modern humans and Neandertals.

A) 1990
B) 1995
C) 1997
D) 1999

Question 6

Darwin's On the Origin of Species was published in

A) 1859.
B) 1856.
C) 1850.
D) 1846.

Question 7

The two main theories about the origin of Modern humans are the single-origin theory and the ___________theory.

A) multi-regional
B) pluralistic
C) multi-national
D) multi-linear

Question 8

Many of the excavated home sites from the Middle Paleolithic from Europe and the Near East are located in

A) caves.
B) river beds.
C) mountain tops.
D) trees.

Question 9

___________claimed that Neandertals would not have been capable of complete bipedalism.

A) Louis Leakey
B) Charles Darwin
C) Thomas Huxley
D) Marcellin Boule

Question 10

At _____________, a stack of seven bear skulls was found with evidence of Neandertal habitation.

A) Neander Valley
B) Shanidar
C) Java
D) Drachenloch cave

Question 11

The researcher who studied growth and development in Neandertals and compared it with modern human growth was

A) Sally Binford.
B) Nancy Minugh-Purvis.
C) Charles Darwin.
D) Lewis Binford.

Question 12

It took about ___________ years from first discovery for scholars to accept the possibility that Neandertals were not that different from modern humans.

A) 1000
B) 500
C) 100
D) 50

Question 13

_________ is the main evidence used by the multiregional theorists to support their theory.

A) MtDNA
B) Extinction
C) Interbreeding
D) Continuity

Question 14

In __________, fossils were found in the Neander Valley, near Dusseldorf, Germany.

A) 1859
B) 1856
C) 1850
D) 1846

Question 15

__________ thinks that the Kleisis River people in Africa hunted large and small game.

A) Lewis Binford
B) Sally Binford
C) Richard Klein
D) Charles Darwin

Question 16

Y chromosome evidence traces descent only from

A) males.
B) females.
C) both males and females.
D) neither males nor females.

Question 17

Recent finds in South Africa date Homo sapiens to about __________ years ago.

A) 300,000
B) 200,000
C) 160,000
D) 50,000

Question 18

The Neandertal period in Africa is called the

A) Middle Paleolithic.
B) Mesolithic.
C) Neolithic.
D) Middle Stone Age.

Question 19

Researchers from the United States and Germany have argued that the common ancestor of Neandertal and modern humans existed about ____________ years ago.

A) 1,000,000
B) 600,000
C) 400,000
D) 100,000

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a theory about what happened to the Neandertals?

A) interbreeding
B) genocide
C) extinction
D) multi-national

Question 21

To explain why human evolution would proceed gradually and in the same direction in various parts of the Old World, multiregional theorists point to cultural improvements in ______________.

A) clothing
B) hunting tools and cooking technology
C) teeth care
D) language and communication

Question 22

Discuss the evidence for Neandertal religion.

Question 23

Neandertals and modern humans seemed to have coexisted in Europe and the Near East for at least 20,000 years. What is the best explanation to describe what happened to the Neandertals?

A) they interbred with modern humans
B) they were killed off by modern humans
C) they became extinct when they were driven away from food sources by modern humans
D) the archaeological evidence is so incomplete that no conclusions can be formed

Question 24

Evaluate the theories on the origin of modern humans.

Question 25

Why is it important to discover the ways in which Homo erectus evolved into early modern humans?

Question 26

Early Neandertals and early modern humans got their food in a variety of ways. Why?

A) all the possible food sources were grouped together in one region
B) nobody shared anything
C) it was a relatively easy life with food readily available
D) it varied with their environment whether semiarid desert or cold tundra

Question 27

Why do we think it possible that Neandertals had funeral rituals?

A) numerous written records indicate that rituals were followed
B) bodies seemed to have been moved many times over the course of years
C) fossil evidence shows what looks like planned burial sites
D) there is no evidence that this occurred

Question 28

What is the major principle of Single-Origin Theory?

A) that Neandertals did not evolve into modern humans but instead became extinct
B) that Neandertals did evolve into modern humans
C) that Neandertals still live among us today
D) that early modern humans became extinct

Question 29

There is some belief in a multiregional theory which can best be explained as

A) Neandertals lived throughout the world passing on their genes.
B) Homo erectus populations in various parts of the Old World gradually evolved into anatomically modern looking humans.
C) a way to explain early travel among populations.
D) two central regions where humans began.

Question 30

Cro-Magnon first appeared in Europe about _________ years ago.

A) 75,000
B) 65,000
C) 45,000
D) 35,000

Question 31

Intermediate Theories have some relevance in the discussion of human origins because

A) they try to explain the replacement of one population by another and some interbreeding between early modern humans and other populations.
B) they prove that all other theories are wrong.
C) they prove that all other theories are actually very accurate.
D) they finally clarify the process of human evolution.

Question 32

What do we know about Middle Paleolithic Cultures?

Question 33

Why have some anthropologists concluded that Neandertals may have had homesites outside of caves?

A) while there is evidence of cave dwelling, there is also evidence of open-air sites as well
B) they found elaborately designed homes in which they lived
C) all the caves were occupied, so some had to live elsewhere
D) the Neandertals were environmentalists

Question 34

Food gathering is essential to hominid survival. How did Neandertals and early modern humans get their food?

Question 35

Evaluate the three scenarios on what happened to Neandertals.

Question 36

Discuss the arguments on the relationship between Neandertals and early modern
humans.

Question 37

In what way do modern humans, or Homo sapiens, look different than Neandertals?

A) modern humans have higher foreheads
B) modern humans have thinner and lighter bones
C) modern humans have smaller faces
D) all of the above

Question 38

What is the main problem with anthropologists trying to reconstruct the body using fossils?

A) not enough fossils exist to even begin the process
B) it's still very subjective on the part of the anthropologist
C) the accuracy is uncanny and totally recognizable
D) none of the above

Question 39

Compare the Mousterian and Levalloisian tool assemblages.

Question 40

A most interesting debate continues regarding the Neandertals. Why?

A) some anthropologists say they existed and some say they did not
B) some anthropologists say they existed millions of years ago and others say it's more recent
C) some anthropologists argue that Neandertals are part of the same species as Homo sapiens and others think they were a distinct species that died out
D) the fossils found give no information

Question 41

Explain the importance of mtDNA and Y chromosome evidence.