Deck 2: Changing Encounters With Death

Question 1

Average life expectancy:

A) Is originally and most rapidly increased by decreasing the number of deaths in the early years of life
B) Is inversely correlated with death rates
C) Is exceeded by some individuals and not achieved by others
D) All of these
E) None of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

From 1900 to 2014 in the United States, overall death rates:

A) Decreased by about 25 percent
B) Decreased by over 50 percent
C) Increased by approximately 10 percent
D) Increased by about 30 percent
E) None of these

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Death rates in the United States are or have been lowest for:

A) Males in 1900
B) Males in 2014
C) Females in 1900
D) Females in 2014
E) None of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Changes in American death rates can be revealed:

A) By studying death rates among specific American populations, such as gender groups or socio-economic classes
B) By comparing death rates in different age groups in the society
C) By observing alterations in infant mortality rates over time
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 5

The overall, age-adjusted death rate for the United States in 2014 .

A) reached a record-low historical figure
B) represented a decrease of approximately one percent from the 2013 rate
C) was 724.6 deaths per 100,000 standard population
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 6

During 2014 in the United States, there were .

A) more than 2.6 million deaths
B) just over 1.6 million deaths
C) nearly 10 million deaths
D) approximately five million deaths
E) 188 million deaths

Question 7

The vignette near the beginning of Chapter 2 explained that Bryan Lee Curtis wanted to:

A) Support smoking cigarettes as a personal choice
B) Provide people with information about the dangers of smokeless tobacco use
C) Teach people how to die
D) Change personal attitudes, behaviors, and values related to smoking cigarettes
E) Leave behind a happy legacy for his wife and son

Question 8

In 1900 overall death rates for infants (newborns and children under one year of age) in the United States were:

A) Roughly equal to those similar rates in 2014
B) Approximately 10 times higher than similar rates in 2014
C) 17 times higher than similar rates in 2014
D) Nearly 28 times higher than similar rates in 2014
E) Nearly 50 times higher than similar rates in 2014

Question 9

In the United States in 1900, .

A) death rates were significantly higher than they are today
B) women had higher death rates than men
C) members of lower socioeconomic classes tended on average to have lower death rates than members of middle and upper socioeconomic classes in our society
D) children had lower death rates than they do today
E) parents seldom experienced the death of a child

Question 10

The crude or unadjusted death rate for males in the United States in 2014 .

A) was approximately 8.0 per 1,000
B) nearly 50 percent higher than the comparable rate for females
C) reached a new low of 724.6 deaths per 100,000
D) was significantly lower than the comparable rate for females
E) None of these

Question 11

Death-related experiences include which of the following:

A) Death-related practices
B) Encounters with death
C) Attitudes toward death
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 12

Death rates _.

A) indicate how long a typical person in a society is likely to live
B) are inversely related to the number of deaths that occurred in a specific society
C) reflect the number of people in a specific group who die during a particular time period
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 13

Encounters with death can be studied by looking at:

A) Death rates
B) Average life expectancy
C) Deaths caused by communicable diseases
D) Dying trajectories
E) All of these

Question 14

In the United States in 2015, the deaths of 1063 pregnant women and women in the process of giving birth or immediately after childbirth led to a maternal mortality rate of

A) 3.3 per 100,000 live births
B) 7.1 per 100,000 live births
C) 12.7 per 100,000 live births
D) 26.4 per 100,000 live births
E) None of these

Question 15

Death rates:

A) Can only be determined accurately when a society keeps adequate birth and death rates
B) Are equivalent to the total number of deaths in a society
C) Cannot easily be determined on any basis other than gender
D) By themselves can provide a good picture of the numbers of aged people in a society
E) None of these

Question 16

In the United States, average life expectancy .

A) is likely to continue to increase at the same rate it did in the early parts of the 20th century
B) increased more rapidly between 1950 and 1999 than it did between 1900 and 1950
C) increased throughout the twentieth century primarily due to advances in medical technology
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 17

In many poor and not well-organized societies today, .

A) statistical accuracy concerning death rates must give way to imprecise estimates
B) a fund of accurate demographic statistics is not available
C) demographic statistics derive from birth, death, and census records
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 18

During 2014, how many people died in the United States?

A) Just over 1.2 million
B) Approximately 2.6 million
C) 750,000
D) 13.4 million
E) 6 million

Question 19

From 1900 to 2014 in the United States, overall death rates dropped from 17.2 deaths per 1,000 to approximately:

A) 15.5 per 1,000
B) 9.4 per 1,000
C) 8.2 per 1,000
D) 6.5 per 1,000
E) 5.9 per 1,000

Question 20

Projected average life expectancy for all individuals born in the United States in 2014 was .

A) 67.8 years
B) 78.8 years
C) 80.9 years
D) 82.3 years
E) None of these

Question 21

In 2016, the CDC estimated that the number of persons newly infected or living with HIV disease in the United States was _.
A) 1.2 million

A) 750,000
B) more than 8 million
C) nearly 20 million
D) 40.6 million

Question 22

Leading causes of death in the United States around 1900 were .

A) communicable diseases
B) degenerative diseases
C) chronic diseases
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 23

The earliest and most important factor associated with reduced death rates in the United States was .

A) modern cure-oriented medicine
B) industrialization
C) preventive health care for individuals
D) changes in the structure of contemporary families
E) public health measures

Question 24

A common factor found in persons with AIDS is:

A) Immune system dysfunction
B) Dementia
C) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
D) Hemophilia
E) Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 25

Communicable diseases often produce symptoms like:

A) Vomiting, nausea, and fever
B) Those that develop slowly over time but often go unnoticed until they result in a sudden, unanticipated death
C) The slow, long-term wearing out of bodily organs
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of public health measures that helped reduce death rates in the United States?

A) Better communication and transportation systems
B) Changing attitudes toward death
C) Advanced medical technology
D) Improvements in basic sanitation and disposal of sewage
E) Better food, clothing, and housing

Question 27

HIV infection and AIDS:

A) Are the same thing
B) Are related as cause to effect
C) Are related as effect to cause
D) Seldom occur at the same time
E) Always occur together

Question 28

In the world today, relatively few people in developed countries die of communicable diseases, with the exception of:

A) Accidents
B) Influenza and pneumonia, septicemia, and infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
C) Venereal disease
D) Tuberculosis
E) Cirrhosis

Question 29

Diseases with patterns of gradually losing control over one's bodily functions and mental capacities are most likely to be _.

A) communicable diseases with a long dying trajectory
B) communicable diseases with a short dying trajectory
C) degenerative diseases with a long dying trajectory
D) degenerative diseases with a short dying trajectory
E) None of these

Question 30

In terms of the biblical promise of "three score and 10" years (that is, 70 years), average human life expectancy in the United States:

A) Exceeded that figure early in the 20th century
B) Surpassed that figure during the latter portion of the 20th century
C) Did not reach that figure until the first few years of the 21st century
D) Has not yet achieved that figure
E) Is a limit that no individual can surpass

Question 31

The leading cancer cause of death for American males is:

A) Prostate cancer
B) Colon and rectal cancer
C) Lung and bronchial cancer
D) Pancreatic cancer
E) None of these

Question 32

The second leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2014 was .

A) cancer
B) cerebrovascular diseases
C) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D) diseases of the heart
E) cerebrovascular diseases

Question 33

Projected average life expectancies for all individuals born in the United States in 2014:

A) Decreased slightly for white and black females
B) Showed an expansion of the racial differential between the white and black populations
C) Reached a record high for white and black males
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 34

The leading cancer cause of death for American females is:

A) Prostate cancer
B) Colon and rectal cancer
C) Lung and bronchial cancer
D) Pancreatic cancer
E) None of these

Question 35

The leading cause of deaths in the U.S. in 2014 was .

A) cancer
B) accidents
C) homicide
D) suicide
E) heart disease

Question 36

Most deaths in contemporary American society occur .

A) in some sort of health-care institution
B) in a long-term care facility
C) in the home
D) in the presence of family caregivers
E) None of these

Question 37

You learn that a person with whom you have had unprotected sex during the past month has been diagnosed as infected with HIV. You immediately have yourself tested and the results are negative for HIV infection. This means:

A) You can be sure you are not infected with the HIV at this time.
B) You can be sure you are not a carrier of the HIV and cannot pass the infection onto others.
C) You do not need to have further HIV testing (unless you engage in additional unprotected sex with someone who is HIV positive).
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 38

The three leading causes of death in the U.S. in 2014 were:

A) Cancer, diseases of the heart, diabetes
B) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, cancer, suicide
C) Diseases of the heart, cancer, accidents
D) Cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
E) Chronic lower respiratory disease, diseases of the heart, and cancer

Question 39

Which of the following has the greatest influence on encounters with death in our society today?

A) Safe driving techniques
B) Firearms
C) Risky sexual behavior
D) Illicit drug use
E) Diet and physical activity patterns

Question 40

The dying trajectory .

A) of communicable diseases is often shorter than that of degenerative diseases
B) is unusually similar in both degenerative and communicable diseases
C) can often be more easily foreseen or predicted in degenerative diseases than in communicable diseases
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 41

How have the nature of contemporary families and lifestyle behaviors affected encounters with death in our society? Be specific in explaining and influence of each of these factors and give examples of each.

Question 42

What is the difference between a communicable and a degenerative disease. Give an example of each.

Question 43

What is the difference between "death rates" and "average life expectancy?" How are the two related?

Question 44

Compare and contrast death rates in American society in 1900 with those in 2014.
Add to this comparative portrait by showing how such rates differ by gender and by age.

Question 45

What is the difference between public health measures, preventive health care, and cure-oriented medicine, and how have each of these helped to change encounters with death in our society?

Question 46

Encounters with death in American society are said in Chapter 2 to have changed greatly over the past 100-150 years. Describe three (3) ways in which such encounters have changed. Be specific and take care to show exactly what such encounters were like in the past and how they are now.

Question 47

Chapter 2 describes changing encounters with death. What does it mean to speak of an "encounter" with death as that term is defined in the chapter? What are some of the principal features of encounters with death set forth in this chapter?
Identify, explain, and give an example of any three (3) features that might be included in a description of any society's encounters with death.

Question 48

Where do most Americans now die in our society? Why?

Question 49

How did infant death rates and maternal mortality rates change in the U.S. during the 20th century?

Question 50

Dying trajectories are characterized by two principal features. Identify and briefly explain these two features.