Deck 3: Conception and Prenatal Development

Question 1

The chances of an exchange of blood between a mother and her offspring are greatest during childbirth.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A blastocyst gains mass only when it receives nourishment from outside.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Adult women who had rubella as children are immune to it.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The amniotic sac, placenta, and umbilical cord develop from the inner part of the blastocyst.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of a sperm cell?

A)It is significantly larger than an egg cell.
B)It contains two Y chromosomes.
C)It travels randomly inside a woman's reproductive tract.
D)It is one of the smallest types of cells in the body.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of menstruation?

A)During this time, the endometrium is not discharged.
B)During this time, an unfertilized egg is discharged.
C)During this time, a female cannot have sex with her partner.
D)During this time, a fertilized egg undergoes mitosis.

Question 7

HIV can be found in breast milk.

Question 8

Sperm are much larger than ova.

Question 9

Katherine was unable to conceive children. Her physician harvested her ova, after a minor surgery, and combined it with her husband's sperm in a laboratory dish. He then injected the fertilized egg into Katherine's uterus. The scenario best illustrates an instance of _____.

A)artificial insemination
B)surrogacy
C)human oocyte cryopreservation
D)in vitro fertilization

Question 10

Which of the following is true of teenage mothers?

A)They have a higher incidence of infant mortality.
B)They give birth to obese children.
C)They suffer from endometriosis.
D)They have the highest chance of giving birth to children with Down's syndrome.

Question 11

A mother usually feels the first fetal movements during the first month of pregnancy.

Question 12

By 12-20 weeks of pregnancy, a fetus moves its limbs so vigorously that the pregnant mother may complain of being kicked.

Question 13

The _____ is the inner layer of the embryo from which the lungs and digestive system develop.

A)neural tube
B)mesoderm
C)endoderm
D)umbilical cord

Question 14

Babies with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are often larger than normal, and so are their brains.

Question 15

A low sperm count, or lack of sperm, is the most common infertility problem in men.

Question 16

Disease-causing organisms are called__________.

A)pathogens
B)antibodies
C)hormones
D)chromosomes

Question 17

A fetus begins to turn and respond to external stimulation at about the second or third week.

Question 18

The placenta is connected to the uterine wall and to the fetus by the umbilical cord.

Question 19

It is estimated that 8-20% of pregnancies end in miscarriage, with the risk highest during the__________.

A)first three months
B)last three months
C)seventh month
D)ninth month

Question 20

Rh incompatibility occurs when an Rh-positive woman is carrying an Rh-negative fetus.

Question 21

Selina has two daughters. There were complications during both the deliveries, and Selina's blood got mixed with that of her daughter's. Selina's first daughter was born healthy, but her second daughter was born with mental disabilities. In this scenario, Selina's second daughter was born with mental disabilities due to _____.

A)Rh incompatibility
B)Tay-Sachs disease
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)piles

Question 22

_____ is a life-threatening disease characterized by high blood pressure that may afflict women late in the second or early in the third trimester.

A)Rubella
B)Syphilis
C)Preeclampsia
D)Phenylketonuria

Question 23

Which of the following is true of the babies of women who regularly used marijuana during pregnancy?

A)They are obese.
B)They display immature development of the nervous system.
C)They are born with cancer in the reproductive tract.
D)They are born with both male and female sex organs.

Question 24

_____ are environmental agents that can harm the embryo or fetus.

A)Erythrocytes
B)Platelets
C)Teratogens
D)Androgens

Question 25

__________can be used to achieve pregnancy when the fallopian tubes are blocked because the ova need not travel through them.

A)In vitro fertilization
B)Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
C)Artificial insemination
D)A caesarean section

Question 26

Sperm that survive the initial obstacles in the cervix _____ after ejaculation.

A)may reach the fallopian tubes five to ten seconds
B)may reach the fallopian tubes 60 to 90 minutes
C)reach the fallopian tubes only after a week
D)reach the fallopian tubes only after 21 days

Question 27

Melissa's son was born with facial deformities. He has a flattened nose and an underdeveloped jaw. Melissa's son's facial deformities suggest that he has _____.

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)fetal alcohol syndrome
C)rubella
D)preeclampsia

Question 28

According to a survey by Adhikari & Liu in the year 2013, at birth, women have:

A)close to 100,000 ova.
B)around 300,000 to 400,000 ova.
C)around 100 to 200 ova.
D)only 500 ova.

Question 29

Katie and Timothy want to have children, but Katie has a medical condition that impairs the production of ova. Katie wants to give birth to a child. Which of the following methods would allow Katie to bear her own child?

A)Artificial insemination
B)Using a surrogate mother
C)Human oocyte cryopreservation
D)Donor IVF

Question 30

Laura is 45 years old, and her husband Shane is 48 years old. They already have a child and want to have another child. Their physician states that their chances of conceiving a child are extremely low. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this reduced ability to bear children?

A)Shane has a very high sperm count.
B)Laura and Shane are genetically incompatible.
C)Laura and Shane are not from the same ethnicity.
D)Laura is too old to bear children.

Question 31

The embryo and fetus develop within a protective__________in the uterus.

A)amniotic sac
B)umbilical cord
C)neural tube
D)embryonic disk

Question 32

The ages of 29 and 30 are a turning point for men, because children conceived past these ages are at greater risk for:

A)schizophrenia.
B)syphilis.
C)fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)Rh incompatibility.

Question 33

Hanna and Randy visits an agency where women who cannot have their own child are artificially inseminated for couples. There they find a woman who physically resembles Hanna, and Randy asks her if she would agree to be artificially inseminated with Randy's sperm. In this scenario, Andy and Anna are considering the option of:

A)human oocyte cryopreservation.
B)a surrogate mother.
C)a caesarean section.
D)in vitro fertilization.

Question 34

Claire had a car accident and lost her ability to produce ova. She and her husband want to have a child, and Claire wants to give birth to a child because she believes every woman needs to experience it. Which of the following methods would enable Claire to achieve pregnancy?

A)A caesarean section
B)Surrogacy
C)Artificial insemination
D)Donor IVF

Question 35

During prenatal development, once the testes have developed in a male embryo, they begin to produce male sex hormones, or _____.

A)androgens
B)steroids
C)estrogens
D)prostaglandins

Question 36

Blesse shows all the signs of pregnancy, but she does not know how many weeks along she is. She goes for an ultrasound, and her physician states that he sees a blastocyst. Based on her physician's comment, how many weeks along is Celeste's pregnancy?

A)Less than two weeks
B)More than eight weeks
C)Between 16-17 weeks
D)Exactly 25 weeks

Question 37

Peter and Hilda want to have a child that is biologically related to both of them, but because of a defect in Hilda's fallopian tubes they are unable to conceive a child. Which of the following methods can Peter and Hilda choose to become parents?

A)Artificial insemination
B)Surrogacy
C)Hysterectomy
D)In vitro fertilization

Question 38

_____ is a synthetic hormone used to maintain pregnancy.

A)Testosterone
B)Estrogen
C)Progestin
D)Oxytocin

Question 39

Veronica gave birth to an undersized baby. She had high blood pressure after she entered the third trimester of her pregnancy. In this scenario, Veronica is most likely suffering from _____.

A)toxemia
B)syphilis
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)Phenylketonuria

Question 40

Cigarette smoke is known to contain _____ that stimulates the fetus.

A)estrogen
B)vitamin A
C)methadone
D)nicotine

Question 41

_____ is a synthetic hormone that can cause masculinization of the fetus.

A)Testosterone
B)Estrogen
C)Progestin
D)Oxytocin

Question 42

Approximately how many sperm cells are contained in the average ejaculation of semen?

A)1
B)1000
C)150 million
D)2.5 billion

Question 43

__________is self-propulsion.

A)Mitosis
B)Meiosis
C)Motility
D)Mutation

Question 44

Pregnant women consuming high doses of vitamins A and D have been associated with:

A)birth defects such as stunted sex organs.
B)masculinization of the external sex organs in female embryos.
C)cancer in the reproductive tract.
D)central nervous system damage, small head size, and heart defects.

Question 45

Maternal addiction to heroin or methadone is linked to:

A)prematurity.
B)masculinization of the external sex organs in female embryos.
C)the presence of both male and female sex organs.
D)obesity.

Question 46

Astrid's physician suggests injecting a fertilized ovum into Astrid's uterus as she was unable to conceive her own child. In this scenario, Astrid's physician is suggesting _____.

A)human oocyte cryopreservation
B)the use of a surrogate mother
C)adoption
D)donor IVF

Question 47

Howard and his wife want to have children. After trying for a year, they consult their physician. The physician does a few tests on both of them and discovers that Howard's wife is infertile. Which of the following alternatives can Howard and his wife use if they want a child that is related to at least one of them?

A)Human oocyte cryopreservation
B)A surrogate mother
C)Adoption
D)Egg freezing

Question 48

_____, an estrogen prescribed during the 1940s and 1950s to help prevent miscarriage, has been linked to cancer in some offspring.

A)Androsterone
B)Adiponectin
C)Progestin
D)Diethylstilbestrol

Question 49

_____ is a viral infection that can cause retardation and heart disease in the embryo. It is also called German measles.

A)Rubella
B)Syphilis
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Phenylketonuria

Question 50

Which of the following is true of artificial insemination?

A)It is an alternative way of becoming a parent for a man who has no sperm or an extremely low sperm count.
B)It is a method of conception in which ripened ova are removed surgically from a mother and placed in a laboratory dish.
C)It is a reliable method for selecting the sex of a child prior to implantation.
D)It is a method used by physicians to treat endometriosis.

Question 51

Sandra is a singer and wants to sing to her baby. When is the earliest into her pregnancy that she could start singing to her baby and reasonably expect that the baby will be able to hear her?

A)3 weeks
B)6 weeks
C)13 weeks
D)10 weeks

Question 52

Thalidomide was marketed in the 1960s as a treatment for:

A)insomnia and nausea.
B)infertility and impotency.
C)Down's syndrome.
D)Turner Syndrome.

Question 53

Jean was at a high risk for miscarriage, and her physician prescribed some hormones to her. When Jean gave birth, her physician noticed that her daughter was born with masculinized external sex organs. Which of the following synthetic hormones caused this deformity?

A)Progestin
B)Diethylstilbestrol
C)Estrogen
D)Oxytocin

Question 54

Before meiosis, a sperm cell:

A)contains 46 chromosomes.
B)contains two X chromosomes.
C)is significantly larger than an egg cell.
D)is more likely to produce a girl than a boy.

Question 55

Penny and Charles got married after 40 and are too old to have their own children. They went to a nearby orphanage and brought a baby boy home to be part of their family. In this scenario, Penny and Charles have opted for _____.

A)artificial insemination
B)a surrogate mother
C)adoption
D)in vitro fertilization

Question 56

Maggie brought her orphaned niece into her home and is raising her as her own daughter after her biological parents died in a car accident. Which of the following does this scenario best exemplify?

A)Conditioning
B)Surrogacy
C)Adoption
D)Assimilation

Question 57

Isabel and Sam have not been able to conceive children for a long time. Their physician suggests that Isabel should have her eggs harvested and placed in a petri dish where they can be fertilized with Sam's sperm. He further suggests that the fertilized ova from the petri dish can be injected into Isabel's uterus. In this scenario, the doctor is suggesting:

A)artificial insemination.
B)the use of a surrogate mother.
C)adoption.
D)in vitro fertilization.

Question 58

The _____ is the central layer of the embryo from which the bones and muscles develop.

A)neural tube
B)mesoderm
C)ectoderm
D)umbilical cord

Question 59

_____ is a reliable method for selecting the sex of a child.

A)Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
B)Human oocyte cryopreservation
C)Artificial insemination
D)In vivo fertilization

Question 60

Thalidomide, when consumed by pregnant women during the second month of pregnancy can cause:

A)birth defects such as stunted limbs.
B)cervical, vaginal, and testicular cancers in offspring.
C)syphilis.
D)piles.

Question 61

Discuss the effects of thalidomide on pregnant women.

Question 62

Why are some adult women immune to rubella?

Question 63

Discuss the cause of fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 64

Discuss the role played by a parent's age on prenatal development.

Question 65

Discuss some of the causes of infertility in men.

Question 66

In the case of _____, ovum from another woman is fertilized and injected into the uterus of a mother-to-be.

A)artificial insemination
B)surrogacy
C)adoption
D)donor IVF

Question 67

Phoebe's son was born with thin lips and widely spaced eyes. His physician also diagnosed him with brain dysfunction. His facial deformities decreased as he grew older, but his brain dysfunction persisted even in adulthood. In this scenario, Phoebe's son is most likely suffering from _____.

A)Rh incompatibility
B)fetal alcohol syndrome
C)rubella
D)preeclampsia

Question 68

According to Candice's physician, her second child is at risk of Rh disease. Which of the following steps can the physician take to remove the mother's antibodies from the child?

A)The physician can give the child a blood transfusion.
B)The physician can give the child a cocktail of antiviral drugs.
C)The physician can give the child a sedative.
D)The physician can give the child a dose of thalidomide.

Question 69

Discuss the effects of teratogens on an embryo or fetus.

Question 70

How does cocaine abuse in pregnant women affect the fetus?

Question 71

Discuss the effects of Rh incompatibility on a fetus.

Question 72

Lily and James want to have children through in vivo fertilization. They want their first child to be a boy and their second child to be a girl. Which of the following methods can they use if they want to select the gender of their children?

A)Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
B)Human oocyte cryopreservation
C)Artificial insemination
D)Egg freezing

Question 73

_____ is a sexually transmitted infection that, in advanced stages, can attack major organ systems.

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)Syphilis
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Phenylketonuria

Question 74

How does the amniotic sac protect the embryo and fetus?

Question 75

Preeclampsia can be fatal to pregnant women who:

A)are not exposed to teratogens during critical periods.
B)possess Rh-positive antibodies.
C)do not receive any prenatal care.
D)had low blood pressure during their second or third trimester.

Question 76

Discuss the cause and effects of preeclampsia.

Question 77

Anna's second child was stillborn. Anna's physician stated that there were some complications during the delivery, and her blood got mixed with the baby's blood, and this led to the child's death. In this scenario, Anna's child died due to _____.

A)Rh incompatibility
B)Tay-Sachs disease
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)piles

Question 78

How does endometriosis result in infertility?

Question 79

Which of the following statements about Rh incompatibility is true?

A)It occurs during a woman's first pregnancy.
B)It is an untreatable condition that leaves a woman infertile for the rest of her life.
C)It is an abnormality that is transmitted from generation to generation and carried by a sex chromosome.
D)It causes anemia, mental deficiency, or death as a result of antibodies entering the fetal bloodstream.

Question 80

Discuss the complications associated with rubella.