Deck 15: An Integrative Perspective

Question 1

Which of the following approaches suggests that the nature of the human condition includes self- awareness, freedom of choice, responsibility, and anxiety as basic elements?

A) Gestalt therapy
B) Person-centred therapy
C) Existential therapy
D) Adlerian therapy

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following approaches most emphasises principles of learning?

A) Gestalt therapy
B) Behaviour therapy
C) Narrative therapy
D) Family systems therapy

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which approach offers encouragement so that individuals can develop socially useful goals and increase social interest?

A) Adlerian therapy
B) Behaviour therapy
C) Reality therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Answer 3

A

Question 4

One of the major goals of reality therapy involves:

A) reconstructing the basic personality.
B) identifying factors that block freedom.
C) encouraging clients to be willing to be a process.
D) helping people become more effective in meeting all of their psychological needs.

Question 5

Which of the following orientations avoids exploring problems, and instead focuses on creating solutions in the present and the future?

A) Freud's psychoanalytic approach
B) Family therapy
C) Person-centred therapy
D) Postmodern approaches

Question 6

Which of the following approaches believes that normal personality development depends on the successful resolution of specific stages of development?

A) Narrative therapy
B) Family systems therapy
C) Psychoanalytic therapy
D) Solution-focused therapy

Question 7

One of the goals of feminist therapy is to:

A) bring about transformation both in the individual client and in society.
B) make the unconscious conscious.
C) provide opportunities for reliving early traumas.
D) assist clients in gaining awareness of moment-to-moment experiencing.

Question 8

Which is not a key concept of feminist therapy?

A) The personal is political.
B) The counselling relationship is egalitarian.
C) Commitment to confronting oppression
D) Women's problems are viewed from an intrapsychic perspective.

Question 9

Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on eliminating maladaptive behaviours?

A) Person-centred therapy
B) Gestalt therapy
C) Behaviour therapy
D) Reality therapy

Question 10

According to psychoanalytic therapy, human beings are:

A) motivated by social interest.
B) determined by psychic energy and early experiences.
C) inclined toward becoming fully functioning.
D) free to choose who they will become.

Question 11

Which of the following approaches emphasises challenging clients to recognise that they are responsible for events that they previously thought were happening to them?

A) Psychoanalytic therapy
B) Existential therapy
C) Behaviour therapy
D) Adlerian therapy

Question 12

Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the unique style of life we create at an early age?

A) Family systems therapy
B) Reality therapy
C) Rational emotive behaviour therapy
D) Adlerian therapy

Question 13

Person-centred therapy puts faith in the client's:

A) ability to uncover repressed experiences.
B) ability to integrate their polarities.
C) capacity for recognising how birth order affects their choices.
D) capacity for self-direction.

Question 14

Empowerment and egalitarianism are the basis of the therapeutic relationship.

A) existential
B) feminist
C) Gestalt
D) psychoanalytic

Question 15

Adlerian therapy emphasises the individual's:

A) development of a unique lifestyle.
B) quality world.
C) irrational, crooked thinking.
D) polarities.

Question 16

Which statement most closely reflects the philosophy of feminist therapy?

A) Feminist therapy depicts an accurate assessment of the psychosexual stages of development.
B) Androcentricism, gendercentricism, and ethnocentricism are important bias-free concepts of feminist therapy.
C) Constructs of feminist therapy include being gender-fair, flexible, interactionist, and life-span oriented.
D) Feminist therapy encourages the use of the DSM to assess psychopathology.

Question 17

Which of the following therapies emphasises that a person's belief system is the cause of emotional problems?

A) Solution-focused brief therapy
B) Existential therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) Cognitive behaviour therapy

Question 18

Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that there are multiple realities and multiple truths?

A) Behaviour therapy
B) Postmodern approaches
C) Rational emotive behaviour therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 19

Which of the following approaches to therapy most attempts to provide a growth-promoting climate that is conducive to a client's self-exploration?

A) Psychoanalytic therapy
B) Gestalt therapy
C) Reality therapy
D) Person-centred therapy

Question 20

A key concept of Gestalt therapy is:

A) externalising conversations.
B) unfinished business.
C) belief systems.
D) family of origin issues.

Question 21

A key technique of Adlerian therapy is:

A) free association.
B) dialogue with polarities.
C) family sculpting.
D) the assessment of the family constellation.

Question 22

Which of the following approaches to therapy is applied to both women and men with the goal of bringing about empowerment?

A) Feminist therapy
B) Psychoanalytic therapy
C) Person-centred therapy
D) Adlerian therapy

Question 23

Which of the following therapies is a pragmatic approach based on empirical validation of results?

A) Behaviour therapy
B) Narrative therapy
C) Existential therapy
D) Rational emotive behaviour therapy

Question 24

Which of the following approaches to therapy is especially well suited for the initial phases of crisis intervention work?

A) Reality therapy
B) Person-centred therapy
C) Psychoanalytic therapy
D) Solution-focused brief therapy

Question 25

One contribution of psychoanalytic therapy has been its:

A) subjective approach.
B) reliance on research for validation.
C) detailed and comprehensive description of personality structure and functioning.
D) emphasis on an I/Thou relationship.

Question 26

According to traditional psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist:

A) must establish an authentic encounter with the client.
B) should display genuineness and warmth.
C) remains anonymous.
D) is a teacher.

Question 27

One of the techniques used by behaviour therapists in dealing with a client's anxiety is:

A) the miracle question.
B) encouragement.
C) externalising the problem.
D) systematic desensitisation.

Question 28

In which of the following approaches to therapy does the therapist become active and directive, functioning as a teacher or mentor for the client?

A) Existential therapy
B) Person-centred therapy
C) Behaviour therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 29

In feminist therapy, the following techniques) is are) used to help clients recognise the impact of gender-role socialisation:

A) free association.
B) unbalancing.
C) scaling questions.
D) consciousness-raising.

Question 30

Which of the following therapies is based on a growth model and is applicable to such varied areas of life as child guidance, parent-child counselling, and marital and family therapy?

A) Psychoanalytic therapy
B) Behavioural therapy
C) Cognitive behaviour therapy
D) Adlerian therapy

Question 31

Existential therapy can be especially helpful for:

A) individuals with phobic disorders.
B) children with behaviour disorders.
C) patients in a mental hospital.
D) individuals facing a transition in life.

Question 32

Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses understanding first and technique second?

A) Gestalt therapy
B) Existential therapy
C) Rational emotive behaviour therapy
D) Family systems therapy

Question 33

In which of the following approaches does the therapist ask the client what they are choosing to do?

A) Choice theory/reality therapy
B) Gestalt therapy
C) Family systems therapy
D) Psychoanalytic therapy

Question 34

Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses the attitude of the therapist over the use of techniques?

A) Person-centred therapy
B) Psychoanalytic therapy
C) Cognitive-behaviour therapy
D) Behaviour therapy

Question 35

In psychoanalytic therapy, a technique of great importance is:

A) 'the question.'
B) reauthoring one's life story.
C) value judgments.
D) interpretation.

Question 36

The technique of intensifying experiences and integrating conflicting feelings is associated with:

A) Gestalt therapy.
B) person-centred therapy.
C) existential therapy.
D) reality therapy.

Question 37

In which therapy approach is the client viewed as the expert on his or her own life, while the therapist is seen as an expert questioner who assists clients in freeing themselves of their problem- saturated stories and create new life-affirming stories?

A) Existential therapy
B) Narrative therapy
C) Rational emotive behaviour therapy
D) Person-centred therapy

Question 38

Which of the following approaches encourages therapists to accurately grasp the client's 'being in the world'?

A) Psychoanalytic therapy
B) Adlerian therapy
C) Behaviour therapy
D) Existential therapy

Question 39

An Adlerian therapist would:

A) maintain a distant stance.
B) establish a cooperative relationship based on equality.
C) take the role of expert.
D) take the role of a friendly parent.

Question 40

Which of the following approaches is least likely to be applied to short-term crisis intervention?

A) Existential therapy
B) Person-centred therapy
C) Reality therapy
D) Psychoanalytic therapy

Question 41

Which of the following approaches recognised the need for a subjective approach based on a complete view of the human condition?

A) Family systems therapy
B) Psychoanalytic therapy
C) Person-centred therapy
D) Existential therapy

Question 42

The assesses the client's therapeutic progress through ratings of a client's personal experience of well-being in his or her individual, interpersonal, and social functioning.

A) Session Rating Scale
B) Outcome Rating Scale
C) Income Rating Scale
D) Termination Rating Scale

Question 43

One contribution of Adlerian therapy has been an emphasis on:

A) unconscious motivations.
B) empirical validation.
C) unleashing buried feelings.
D) social and psychological factors.

Question 44

A limitation of psychoanalytic therapy is that:

A) it requires a short period of training for therapists.
B) it is inexpensive for clients.
C) the model stresses biological and instinctual factors to the neglect of social, cultural, and interpersonal ones.
D) many clients have the degree of ego strength needed for regressive and reconstructive therapy.

Question 45

A limitation of existential therapy is its:

A) emphasis on the therapist as an expert.
B) adherence to the medical model.
C) limited applicability to nonverbal clients.
D) use of simplistic concepts.

Question 46

A limitation of behaviour therapy is that it:

A) may change behaviour but not feelings.
B) does not identify specific problems.
C) does not make room for cognitive factors.
D) does not explicitly define the role of the therapist.

Question 47

The common factors approach to psychotherapy integration:

A) searches for common elements across different theoretical systems.
B) supports the notion of remaining theoretically consistent and technically eclectic.
C) synthesises important aspects of two or more theories.
D) emphasises the importance of spirituality in counselling.

Question 48

What is the current thinking in the field regarding the role of spirituality in counselling?

A) There is growing evidence that spiritual practice is therapeutically relevant, ethically appropriate, and potentially significant for counselling in secular settings.
B) Counsellors are encouraged to be cautious and engage in minor discussions about spirituality only.
C) There is little interest in integrating spiritual issues in counselling.
D) Counsellors should take a directive approach in helping clients meet their spiritual needs.

Question 49

The negative impact of discrimination and oppression for both men and women has surfaced as a result of:

A) rational emotive behaviour therapy.
B) person-centred therapy.
C) family systems therapy.
D) feminist therapy.

Question 50

is designed to evaluate and to improve the quality and effectiveness of counselling services.

A) Session Rating Scale
B) Outcome Rating Scale
C) Income Rating Scale
D) Feedback-informed treatment

Question 51

Which of the following approaches consists of simple and clear concepts and emphasises the role of choice?

A) Psychoanalytic therapy
B) Reality therapy
C) Narrative therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 52

Which of the following approaches to therapy puts an emphasis on direct experiencing and doing?

A) Person-centred therapy
B) Gestalt therapy
C) Rational emotive behaviour therapy
D) Narrative therapy

Question 53

Which of the following approaches is credited with an emphasis on assessment and evaluation?

A) Behaviour therapy
B) Existential therapy
C) Psychoanalytic therapy
D) Reality therapy

Question 54

A limitation of person-centred therapy is:

A) the possible danger of the therapist remaining passive and inactive.
B) the emphasis on complex ideas and concepts.
C) the lack of research to support the theory.
D) neglect of the value of the therapeutic relationship.

Question 55

is an effective approach in helping people who experience psychological distress improve their functioning.

A) Psychotherapy
B) Treatment
C) Intervention
D) Techniques

Question 56

A limitation of reality therapy is that it:

A) consists of simple concepts that are easily grasped.
B) discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.
C) does not appeal to resistant clients.
D) has limited applicability.

Question 57

Regarding psychotherapy outcome, research shows:

A) the behavioural approaches are more effective than the humanistic approaches.
B) there are clear factors that predict which models of therapy work best for particular types of clients.
C) the therapeutic relationship is not a major contributor to therapeutic change.
D) no model of therapy has been proven more effective than another.

Question 58

A limitation of Gestalt therapy is that it:

A) does not allow for full expression of feelings.
B) discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.
C) completely ignores the past.
D) may neglect cognitive factors.

Question 59

The measures a client's perception of the quality of the therapeutic relationship, which includes the relational bond with the therapist, the perceived collaboration around specific tasks in therapy, and agreement on goals, methods, and client preferences.

A) Session Rating Scale
B) Outcome Rating Scale
C) Income Rating Scale
D) Termination Rating Scale

Question 60

Which of the following approaches to integration refers to a conceptual creation beyond a simple blending of techniques?

A) Technical eclecticism
B) Common factors approach
C) Theoretical integration
D) Assimilative integration