Deck 12: Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 1

The leading causes of traumatic brain injuries are ____.

A) falls and unknown causes
B) vehicle accidents and assault
C) assault and being struck by an object
D) war and crime

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sanjay was diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder. Which of the following could be the specific diagnosis?

A) schizoaffective disorder
B) traumatic brain injury
C) mood disorder
D) psychosis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Brenda is undergoing a test that combines X-rays and computer analysis to assess her brain damage. Which test is being used?

A) CTE
B) CT
C) AS
D) TBI

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which condition involves memory impairment and declining cognitive functioning resulting from degenerative brain conditions?

A) delirium
B) amnestic disorder
C) dementia
D) TBI

Question 5

Which of the following is considered a possible cause of neurocognitive disorders?

A) stress
B) anxiety
C) depression
D) traumatic brain injury

Question 6

Professor Solomon tells her class, "Neurocognitive disorders are diagnosed through a process of elimination. Neurocognitive disorders may be due to a specific medical condition, a substance-induced condition, or may result from multiple etiologies. The category of neurocognitive disorders is arbitrary because other mental disorders may be associated with neurocognitive disorders and organic involvement. It is always difficult to measure, assess, and determine the causes of neurocognitive disorders." Which part of Professor Solomon's statement is accurate?

A) Neurocognitive disorders are diagnosed through a process of elimination.
B) Neurocognitive disorders may be due to a specific medical condition, a substance-induced condition, or may result from multiple etiologies.
C) The category of neurocognitive disorders is arbitrary because other mental disorders may be associated with neurocognitive disorders and organic involvement.
D) The causes of neurocognitive disorders cannot be effectively measured or assessed as of yet.

Question 7

Strokes damaging the left side of the brain typically affect ____, as well as physical movement on the right half of the body; whereas strokes occurring within the right hemisphere can ____ in addition to impairing motor movement on the left side of the body.

A) speech and language proficiency; impair judgment and short-term memory
B) impair judgment and short-term memory; speech and language proficiency
C) empathic abilities; increase impulsivity
D) impulsivity; decrease empathic abilities

Question 8

Medical professionals utilize ____, which allow them to noninvasively visualize brain structures and monitor activity within the brain.

A) neuroimaging techniques
B) psychological tests
C) neuropsychological tests
D) mental status examination

Question 9

In order to receive a DSM-5 diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder, individuals must demonstrate significant decline in ____.

A) one or more cognitive domains affecting independence
B) reality testing and in coping with stressors
C) physical health and in psychological health
D) visual-perceptual ability and in social cognition

Question 10

Forgetting names of significant others and displaying difficulties with impulse control are examples ofsymptoms commonly associated with ____.

A) dementia
B) dysthymia
C) depression
D) anxiety

Question 11

Late on Saturday night, Dennie is taken to the hospital after drinking twenty beers. His confusion, rambling, and incoherent speech stop as soon as the alcohol is out of his system. This incident illustrates ____.

A) an amnestic disorder
B) dementia
C) delirium
D) a neurocognitive disorder not otherwise specified

Question 12

Which elderly person is at highest risk for developing some type of dementia?

A) Paige, a 89 year old female
B) Paul, a 60 year old male
C) Patty, a 65 year old depressed female
D) Preston, a 70 year old depressed male

Question 13

Richardson, et al. (2014) found four times more residue from ____ in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

A) pesticides
B) alcohol
C) carbon monoxide
D) chlorine

Question 14

Dr. Pushkin is seeing a new patient whom she suspects has a neurocognitive disorder. Dr. Pushkin wants to assess quickly the patient's overall cognitive functioning, including the patient's memory, attentional skills, and orientation to time and place. What instrument will Dr. Pushkin most likely use to conduct this assessment?

A) objective personality testing
B) neuropsychological testing
C) neuroimaging techniques
D) mental status exam

Question 15

Tonya is suspected of having a brain tumor. She goes to the hospital, where a detailed image of her brain is produced using a magnetic field and radio frequency pulses. What kind of brain assessment took place?

A) MRI
B) TBI
C) CTE
D) APOE

Question 16

MRIs and other forms structural and functional neurological tests are most properly used to assess ____.

A) intelligence
B) brain function
C) mood disorders
D) psychosis

Question 17

In neurocognitive disorders, ____.

A) social and psychological factors play no role
B) brain dysfunctions cause problems with thought processes
C) there may be symptoms of brain pathology, but no organic cause is assumed
D) psychological factors cause the brain to malfunction

Question 18

Ali has difficulty speaking. He also experiences memory deficits and issues with making plans and thinking abstractly. Ali suffers from behavioral disturbances that result from damage to the brain, which is technically referred to as a(n) ____.

A) psychosomatic disorder
B) identity disorder
C) mood disorder
D) neurocognitive disorder

Question 19

The three major categories of neurocognitive disorders listed in the DSM-5 are ____.

A) mild neurocognitive disorder, major neurocognitive disorder, and delirium
B) minor neurocognitive disorder, major neurocognitive disorder, and dementia
C) Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease
D) neurocognitive disorder, neurodegenerative disorder, and stroke

Question 20

What neuroimaging technique that is used to produce images of metabolic activity in the brain?

A) TBI
B) CTE
C) PET
D) CT

Question 21

A characteristic that distinguishes delirium from mild and major neurocognitive disorder is the ____.

A) acute onset of symptoms
B) gradual onset of symptoms
C) decline in functioning
D) severity of symptoms

Question 22

What is most important to survival and recovery from a traumatic brain injury?

A) immediate medical intervention
B) psychological testing
C) social support
D) optimism

Question 23

The primary distinction between major and minor neurocognitive disorder is ____.

A) the severity of cognitive decline and related decline in independent functioning
B) the extent of the brain damage and neurochemical abnormalities
C) the ability of the individual to use compensatory strategies
D) there is no distinction, they are the same disorder

Question 24

The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder is ____.

A) stroke
B) multi-infarct dementia
C) vascular dementia
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 25

Jed, age 80, was hospitalized for a hip surgery. He is now exhibiting confusion about the time of day or day of week. He is unable to focus on anything. These symptoms started after his surgery. What is a likely diagnosis?

A) delirium
B) dementia
C) Alzheimer's
D) Parkinson's

Question 26

Hazel was not wearing her helmet when she had an accident on her bicycle. As she fell, her brain was punctured by a broken spoke from the wheel of her bike, causing a rupture of her brain and hemorrhaging. Hazel experiences which type of head injury?

A) concussion
B) cerebral laceration
C) contusion
D) anoxia

Question 27

Rose, 89 years old, has had a gradual loss of memory affecting skills such as remembering people's names and phone numbers. However, in her Bible study class, she makes insightful comments and understands the topic of discussion. This would suggest that Rose is experiencing ____.

A) normal aging
B) early signs of Alzheimer's disease
C) early signs of dementia
D) a minor neurocognitive disorder

Question 28

Dr. Berkins told her gerontology students that there are three major neurocognitive disorder categories listed in the DSM-5. These include major neurocognitive disorder, delirium, and ____.

A) mild neurocognitive disorder
B) dementia
C) brain pathology
D) learning disabilities

Question 29

Which of the following can cause a neurocognitive disorder?

A) ischemic stoke
B) depression
C) stress
D) anxiety

Question 30

Harold was involved in a fight and received several kicks to the head. A CT scan revealed bruising of his cortex. Harold's symptoms suggest ____.

A) that he suffered a cerbral contusion
B) apraxia and agnosia
C) that he suffered a stroke
D) that a cerebral laceration occurred

Question 31

Because of high blood pressure, lack of physical exercise, and heavy smoking, Donald is at risk for having ____.

A) ischemic stroke
B) traumatic brain injury
C) Huntington's disease
D) frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Question 32

The core feature of Alzheimer's disease is ____.

A) memory impairment
B) hallucinations and delusions
C) disorientation in place and time
D) acute onset of symptoms

Question 33

When a neurocognitive disorder is characterized by significant memory impairment and cognitive disturbances, or significant disturbances in planning and abstracting in thought processes, it is considered to be ____.

A) a long-duration delirium
B) a major neurocognitive disorder
C) a mild neurocognitive disorder
D) a neurocognitive disorder, not otherwise specified

Question 34

Which statement about dementia is accurate?

A) Between 20 and 40 percent of people over age 65 have some form of dementia.
B) Dementia never involves hallucinations or delusions.
C) The prevalence of dementia decreases after age 65.
D) Dementia is associated with a wide range of disorders.

Question 35

Among elderly individuals, episodes of delirium are often associated with ____.

A) medical illnesses or surgical procedures
B) particularly efficient immune responses
C) decreased skeletal calcium
D) well-controlled high blood pressure

Question 36

"A physical wound or internal injury to the brain" defines a(n) ____.

A) infarction
B) diaschisis
C) traumatic brain injury
D) cerebrovascular accident or stroke

Question 37

Who has the lowest risk for developing dementia in the next year?

A) Arlene, an 85-year-old woman recovering from a hip fracture
B) Bonnie, a 70-year-old woman who recently had a stroke
C) Cora, a 20-year-old woman who injured her head in a bicycle fall
D) Dora, a 35-year-old women who is being treated for alcohol dependence

Question 38

Marcus is 83 takes a long time to think about and say what he is thinking. Simple thoughts take a lot of effort, and he needs help with his finances. He developed this condition very suddenly and has experienced a steady cognitive decline since it began. Marcus was diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder. What aspect of his case is unusual?

A) It is unusual for mild neurocognitive disorder to show a steady cognitive decline.
B) It is unusual for mild neurocognitive disorder to occur in someone over 80.
C) It is unusual for mild neurocognitive disorder to involve speech aphasia.
D) It is unusual for mild neurocognitive disorder to have a sudden onset.

Question 39

Rozee is 91years old. Her doctor suspects that she may have Parkinson's disease because she ____.

A) has hand and face tremors
B) was recently in a vehicle accident
C) has become very impulsive
D) is experiencing seizures

Question 40

The estimated number of individuals with AD in the U.S. is ____.

A) 5 million
B) 11 million
C) 18
D) 20

Question 41

Which of the following is a common outcome of severe brain trauma?

A) complete recovery without intellectual or emotional difficulties
B) complete intellectual recovery but continuing emotional problems
C) complete emotional recovery but cognitive difficulties
D) continuing cognitive difficulties and emotional disturbances

Question 42

Logan has suffered a deterioration of some of his intellectual and physical abilities that has occurred over the course of a long period of time. Logan is experiencing the death of brain cells. Which condition is occurring?

A) delirium
B) neurodegeneration
C) atherosclerosis
D) presenile dementia

Question 43

Sophie is playing volleyball. As she is about to spike the ball over the net, another player on her team accidentally collides with her, and Sophie hits her head against one of the metal poles that holds up the net. Sophie loses consciousness for a few seconds and, in a daze, she walks to the bench to sit down. Although she has a headache for a couple of weeks, she suffers no other effects from the blow. Sophie has experienced what type of brain injury?

A) a contusion
B) a concussion
C) a laceration
D) a cerebrovascular accident

Question 44

Wilma is 76 years old and has noticed that her memory is not as sharp as it was earlier in her life. This memory loss might be due to which of the following?

A) epilepsy
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) playing computer games
D) exposure to cognitively challenging tasks

Question 45

Mr. Pappadopolis has a neurocognitive disorder that has caused an interesting symptom: He no longer acknowledges the left side of his body. For example, he does not shave the left side of his face or button his left shirt cuff. This is a sign that he ____.

A) has Parkinson's disease
B) suffered a stroke
C) has Huntington's disease
D) has aphasia and agnosia

Question 46

The senior center in a large town is interested in the cognitive problems that its clients are likely to have. Research suggests that normally-aging clients are most likely to experience ____.

A) increasing disorientation and confusion
B) impairment of skills across all cognitive domains
C) a general slowing in the completion of cognitive tasks
D) profound apathy about memory difficulties

Question 47

Hilary was involved in a shooting that left her with traumatic brain injury. She spent several weeks in a coma. Afterward, she experienced headaches, disorientation, confusion, and irritability, as well as depression. She was then diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. What, if any, aspect of Hilary's case is unusual?

A) It is unusual for people with a single traumatic brain injury to have a chronic traumatic encephalopathy diagnosis.
B) It is unusual for people with traumatic brain injury to be in a coma for weeks.
C) It is unusual for people with traumatic brain injury to feel depressed.
D) It is unusual for people with traumatic brain injury to experience headaches, disorientation, confusion, and irritability.

Question 48

Andre has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, which is causing problems with voluntary motor movement. What experimental treatment might help his brain resume producing dopamine?

A) gene therapy
B) antidepressant
C) psychotherapy
D) frontal cortex lobotomy

Question 49

A series of small strokes or a temporary blockage in blood flow leading to the brain is a condition known as ____.

A) CTE
B) transient ischemic attack
C) spatial-visual neglect
D) cerebral laceration

Question 50

Which statement about strokes is accurate?

A) Survivors can never recover.
B) Survivors generally require short-term care.
C) Strokes are a significant cause of disability.
D) Most strokes occur in individuals younger than 50 years of age.

Question 51

Vascular cognitive impairment, and atherosclerosis are terms associated with ____.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) cerebral tumors
C) strokes
D) meningitis and encephalitis

Question 52

An individual with age-associated cognitive decline is likely to ____.

A) require assistance with normal day-to-day activities
B) misplace things but find them after searching
C) be unaware of memory and cognitive difficulties
D) experience drastic shifts in mood

Question 53

Age-related decreases in cognitive function ____.

A) occur in 35 to 45 percent of those over age 65
B) usually begin in a person's early 40s and 50s
C) may be delayed by engaging in mentally stimulating exercises
D) rarely can be stopped because they are genetically programmed

Question 54

Dr. Metzner is the director of a large nursing home. He and his staff are likely treating which of the following among the stroke patients?

A) independent functioning
B) schizophrenia
C) adjustment disorder
D) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 55

At age 64, Mrs. Willis began a long mental decline. She first showed memory loss and irritability, then delusions, social withdrawal and dementia. She died at age 68 and autopsy showed neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in her brain. Mrs. Willis most likely had ____.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) aphasia
C) epilepsy
D) ischemic stroke

Question 56

A clogging of the arteries resulting from a build-up of plaque composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances is called ____.

A) atherosclerosis
B) aphasia
C) hypertension
D) agnosia

Question 57

Vascular neurocognitive disorders can result from ____ and ____.

A) stroke; ongoing disruptions to the cardiovascular system
B) Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease
C) psychosis; affective disturbances
D) traumatic brain injury; hypertension

Question 58

What is the strongest risk factor for dementia?

A) lifestyle
B) drug use
C) age
D) genetics

Question 59

Research conducted by Hankey (2011) has found that factors such as hypertension, smoking, abdominal obesity, limited physical activity, and stress account for ____ of the risk of stroke.

A) 40 percent
B) 60 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 60

Priscilla is in an auto accident that causes her head to crash against the windshield. Her brain is pressed against the skull and bruised by the impact. She loses consciousness for three days, but none of the brain tissue is torn. Priscilla experienced a ____.

A) cerebral laceration
B) cerebrovascular accident
C) stroke
D) cerebral contusion

Question 61

It is a rare, genetically transmitted disorder that involves twitching movements, dementia, and death. Its symptoms begin to appear in childhood to late in life, and onset most typically occurs during midlife. What is it?

A) Huntington's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Meningitis

Question 62

Why might having AIDS produce dementia?

A) Most people with AIDS have a history of Alzheimer's disease.
B) Most people with AIDS are over age 65.
C) The AIDS virus narrows the capillary walls and produces infarctions.
D) The AIDS virus invades the brain and affects mental processes.

Question 63

What is the fourth leading cause of dementia caused by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, and characterized by progressive decline in language and behavior?

A) frontotemporal lobar degeneration
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) encephalitis

Question 64

As we age, neurons are gradually lost, the brain becomes smaller, and information is processed more slowing. For some, this brain atrophy leads to ____.

A) enlarged ventricles
B) depression
C) anxiety
D) declining memory

Question 65

Approximately 87% of all strokes are the result of ____.

A) reduced blood flow
B) blood vessels bursting
C) leakage of blood into the brain
D) vascular cognitive impairment

Question 66

The cause of Alzheimer's disease is ____.

A) believed to include hereditary and environmental factors
B) excessive drinking leading to encephalopathy
C) the natural aging process
D) excessive blood flow in the brain

Question 67

Which medications are sometimes prescribed to alleviate the depression associated with stroke?

A) B vitamins
B) fluoxetine
C) benzodiazepine
D) lithium carbonate

Question 68

Which of the following organic brain disorders are incurable and always fatal?

A) Alzheimer's disease and meningitis
B) Huntington's disease and stroke
C) stroke and meningitis
D) Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease

Question 69

Skip undergoes a surgical procedure in which electrodes are implanted in his brain to reduce his tremors and other motor disturbances. Which disorder is most likely being treated?

A) Huntington's disease
B) Cerebral vascular disorder
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 70

A handout on Alzheimer's disease says, "Alzheimer's is the third leading cause of dementia in older persons. It only affects the elderly, it causes marked deterioration in mental functioning without emotional disturbances, and it has no cure." Which portion of this statement is accurate?

A) It is accurate to say that Alzheimer's only affects the elderly.
B) It is accurate to say that Alzheimer's has no cure.
C) It is accurate to say that Alzheimer's is the third leading cause of dementia.
D) It is accurate to say that Alzheimer's does not cause emotional disturbances.

Question 71

A physician says, "Most people know that AIDS leaves people open to deadly infections, but few are aware that cognitive impairment may be the first sign of HIV infection or AIDS. In serious cases, a diagnosis of AIDS delirium complex (ADC) is made. Prevalence of ADC among persons with HIV infection is between 30 to 40 percent in Western countries. Recently, medications have proven to improve symptoms of ADC once they develop." What about the physician's comments is correct?

A) Cognitive impairment may be the first sign of HIV infection or AIDS.
B) In serious cases, a diagnosis of AIDS delirium complex (ADC) is made.
C) Medications have proven to improve symptoms of ADC.
D) Prevalence of ADC among persons with HIV infection is between 30 to 40 percent.

Question 72

Which statement about strokes is correct?

A) They rarely happen in people under age 65.
B) They are the leading cause of dementia.
C) They are the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.
D) They are caused by an expansion of blood cells.

Question 73

Parkinson's disease is diagnosed ____.

A) more in men than in women
B) more in women than in men
C) only in men
D) equally across genders

Question 74

According to the Rand Corporation (2010) ____ of veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan report experiencing probable traumatic brain injury (TBI).

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 40 percent

Question 75

Sybil becomes somewhat dazed as she hits her head against an open cabinet door. She has experienced the mildest form of head injury, known as a ____.

A) cerebral laceration
B) contusion
C) concussion
D) stroke

Question 76

Dr. Wayne says during a case conference, "We know that the patient's cognitive disorder is caused by an infectious agent. That automatically rules out ____ as a primary cause."

A) syphilis
B) encephalitis
C) AIDS dementia
D) Huntington's disease

Question 77

Neurofibrillary tangles, memory loss, and beta-amyloid plaques are most related to ____.

A) Huntington's disease
B) epilepsy
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 78

Rozee suffered a stroke when blood leaked into the brain after a blood vessel burst. This type of stroke is called a(n) ____ stroke.

A) atherosclerotic
B) hemorrhagic
C) blockage
D) traumatic

Question 79

Current research suggests that genetic factors ____.

A) cause nearly all cases of Alzheimer's
B) have no appreciable impact on Alzheimer's risk
C) are associated with early-onset Alzheimer's
D) function as protective factors not risk factors

Question 80

Normal age changes in the brain and occasional lapses in memory ____.

A) are common in healthy adults
B) are uncommon in healthy adults
C) warrant a minor neurocognitive disorder diagnosis
D) produce insignificant changes