Deck 3: Ethics

Question 1

Paul has just finished participating in a research study where he has given personal information that can be used to identify him after the conclusion of the study.This is an example of the study being ___________.

A)confidential.
B)deceptive.
C)coercive.
D)anonymous.

Answer 1

confidential.

Question 2

Tina's research study is going to investigate the impact of sexual text messaging on middle school students.Why would the IRB consider this a case of using a special population?

A)Tina is using a survey on sex.
B)Tina is using minors.
C)Tina did not obtain informed consent.
D)Tina is investigating sensitive material.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Section 8.0 of the APA ethics code is concerned with .

A)ethics.
B)research and publications.
C)client-patient conduct.
D)use and misuse of research participants.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The National Research Act was passed by the US government to .

A)review ethical research standards.
B)establish the IRB system.
C)judge the validity of scientific research.
D)increase scientific research in the country.

Question 5

Questionable research conducted in the Wichita Jury study and by Nazi leaders in concentration camps led to the development of .

A)Institutional Review Boards.
B)Institutional Research Boards.
C)Institutional Reactionary Boards.
D)Instructional Research Boards.

Question 6

IRB stands for .

A)Institutional Reactionary Board.
B)Instructional Research Board.
C)Institutional Research Board.
D)Institutional Review Board.

Question 7

Which of the following is a reason why a researcher can dispense with informed consent?

A)They do not have time in their study to collect informed consent.
B)Participants have told the researchers that informed consent is not necessary.
C)The researchers are investigating a normal educational activity which would not create stress or harm.
D)The researchers have evaluated the distress or harm in their study and have decided that there is none.

Question 8

Jorge is participating in a research study.He has been given a survey in which there is no identifying information collected.This is an example of the study being .

A)confidential.
B)deceptive.
C)coercive.
D)anonymous.

Question 9

Of the following, which is not a special population protected by the IRB?

A)minors
B)mentally impaired
C)pregnant women
D)terminally ill

Question 10

The purpose of the APA ethics code is to .

A)govern scientific research.
B)establish psychological laws of obedience.
C)guide psychologists in their professional work.
D)make money for the organization by selling ethics manuals.

Question 11

Alicia is conducting her first research project.In order for her to begin data collection, she must submit her research protocol to whom?

A)Her professor
B)The IRB
C)The ethics board in her department
D)All of the above

Question 12

At the beginning of any study, participants are informed about the research that is being conducted through the use of a .

A)debriefing statement.
B)consent form.
C)ethics packet.
D)confederate.

Question 13

In 1974, the US government passed this act to establish the IRB system thereby protecting participants in research.

A)National Recovery Act
B)National Ethics Act
C)National Research Act
D)Ethical Review Act

Question 14

The set of standards that psychologists use to guide them in their professional work is called the .

A)APS ethics Code.
B)Psychological Ethics.
C)Ethics Code of Psychology.
D)APA Ethics Code.

Question 15

Which of the following is a part of a special population that is given added protection by the IRB?

A)terminally ill
B)pregnant women
C)college students
D)people with STDs

Question 16

The committee on college campuses that reviews proposals of intended research and evaluates if the researcher is ethical as well as if the participants are rights are being protected is called the .

A)Institutional Research Board.
B)Institutional Review Board.
C)Institutional Reactionary Board.
D)Instructional Research Board.

Question 17

Which of the following should not be included in the consent form?

A)consequences to not participating or withdrawing from the study
B)information about the research that is being conducted
C)the use of confederates in the research study
D)what incentives are being offered for participation

Question 18

Dr.Smith is conducting a research study in her class for course credit.What must Dr.Smith offer the students in her class should they choose not to participate?

A)an ultimatum.
B)an alternative activity.
C)another study.
D)an incentive for their time.

Question 19

Jason is participating in a study for his General Psychology class.After arriving at the study, the researchers hand Jason a sheet of paper describing the research that is about to be conducted and his rights as a participant.This is an example of what?

A)informed consent
B)debriefing
C)deception
D)ethics

Question 20

Which of the following should be included in a consent form?

A)the use of a confederate in the research study
B)the use of deception in the research study
C)the potential risks of participating in the research study
D)the expected outcomes of the research study

Question 21

Passive deception is deception by .

A)commission.
B)omission.
C)intrusion.
D)assignment.

Question 22

Sabrina participated in a psychology experiment that involved answering a number of arithmetic problems.During the experiment, she was informed that her answers were incorrect.After the experiment was completed, a research assistant explained the purposes of the experiment.He told Sabrina that she had answered all the items correctly, and then explained why the experiment required that she be told her answers were wrong.What does this stage of the research process represent?

A)informed consent
B)confidentiality of Records
C)deception
D)debriefing

Question 23

Tim has spent the past several months collecting data for his study.However, he begins to realize his results are not coming out the way he planned.To fix this "problem," Tim begins inputting his data incorrectly.Tim is in violation of which APA ethics code?

A)8.11: Plagiarism
B)8.12: Publication Credit
C)8.10: Reporting Research Results
D)8.13: Duplicate Publication of Data

Question 24

According to APA, when conducting research on animals which other committee should be consulted?

A)IRB
B)IACUC
C)NRA
D)ORP

Question 25

Which of the following is a reason that deception can be used by psychologists in research?

A)when more participants are needed to join a study
B)when the researchers needs to ensure the answers are honest in a study
C)when the researcher thinks the data is important
D)when it is needed and the knowledge gained can be justified in a study

Question 26

When conducting research with animals, all of the following should occur except .

A)the minimization of animal pain.
B)the use of trained personnel.
C)the humane release of animals following testing.
D)the use of euthanasia for those animals who are suffering.

Question 27

Active deception is deception by .

A)commission.
B)omission.
C)intrusion.
D)assignment.

Question 28

Dr.Samuels, Tim, Chris, and John work on a research study together.Although they each played a part in the work conducted, the original idea was Tim's.In addition, Tim put in the most work followed by John and Chris.However, the work was done in Dr.Samuel's lab with his guidance.According to APA who should be first author on the project.

A)Tim
B)John
C)Dr.Samuels
D)Chris

Question 29

Lauren is a member of PETA.She believes that all research on animals should stop because they are no different from humans.Lauren is known as an) .

A)animal rights activist.
B)conservationist.
C)animal welfare activist.
D)environmentalist.

Question 30

When a psychologist does not explain the full nature of a study to participants in the consent form because that information could change the study, psychologist are using which type of deception?

A)commission
B)omission
C)intrusion
D)assignment

Question 31

A is a participant in a study but is also part of the research team.

A)deceiver
B)confederate
C)coercer
D)confidant

Question 32

As part of her class, Dr.Smith requires student to either participate in a research study or complete an alternate assignment.Dr.Smith is following which guideline of the APA ethics code?

A)8.06: Offering Inducements for Research Participation
B)8.08: Debriefing
C)8.02: Informed Consent
D)8.04: Client/Patient, Student, Subordinate Research Participants

Question 33

Dr.Denny has recently published two studies in different journals.Both studies are on the effects of eating disorders.However, although the titles of the studies are different, the data presented in each study is exactly the same.Dr.Denny has violated which part of the APA ethics code?

A)8.11: Plagiarism
B)8.12: Publication Credit
C)8.10: Reporting Research Results
D)8.13: Duplicate Publication of Data

Question 34

If inducement for participation in a research study occurs, the inducement must be .

A)financial in nature.
B)equivalent to the amount of effort put forth.
C)exceeds the amount of effort put forth.
D)at least the equivalent to minimum wage.

Question 35

Passive deception is to whereas active deception is to .

A)omission, commission
B)intrusion, extrusion
C)commission, omission
D)extrusion, intrusion

Question 36

At the conclusion of a study, psychologists immediately disclose all information about a study during the process known as .

A)informed consent.
B)coercion.
C)deceptions.
D)debriefing.

Question 37

Sam is a participant in a study.However, unlike other participants, he works for the researchers and has a set of directions he must follow during the study.Sam is known as a .

A)deceiver.
B)confederate.
C)coercer.
D)confidant.

Question 38

Bob is conducting research to investigate the effects of attitude on peer groups.Specifically, Bob is having participants come to a study on web usage.When participants arrive for the study, they are put into a room with 5 other undergraduate students.One of the undergraduate students is a research assistant for Bob unknown to the other students) and begins to display a negative attitude about research.After 10 minutes of the research assistant complaining, Bob then asks each subject to fill-out a survey on attitudes toward research.Bob is using which type of deception?

A)active
B)passive
C)coercive
D)informed

Question 39

Tim is a member of a research lab where they study the effects of lead poisoning on rats.He sees the benefits of research on animals but also seeks to conduct his research in the most humane way possible.Tim most likely is a .

A)animal rights activist.
B)conservationist.
C)animal welfare activist.
D)environmentalist.

Question 40

Dr.Jacobs is in charge of a research lab.Typically, after her students complete each project and submit the work for publication, Dr.Jacobs insists her name is placed first on the manuscript.Dr.Jacobs argues that this is because the work was done in her lab.Which part of the APA ethics code is Dr.Jacobs violating?

A)8.11: Plagiarism
B)8.12: Publication Credit
C)8.10: Reporting Research Results
D)8.13: Duplicate Publication of Data

Question 41

The first step in any research study is to obtain institutional approval.

Question 42

IRB stands for Institutional Review Board.

Question 43

Only universities have Institutional Review Boards because that is where most research is conducted.

Question 44

A 13-year old boy in Landis' study was admitted to a hospital for high blood pressure thought to be caused by .

A)emotional instability.
B)emotional immaturity.
C)neurotic instability.
D)neurotic immaturity.

Question 45

According to APA, there are 15 guidelines that are related to the ethical standards of research.

Question 46

Which of the following statements regarding Landis' work is correct?

A)A legal guardian/parent would need to give permission.
B)A participant over 13 would only need to give consent to participate.
C)A legal guardian/parent and the minor participant would need to give separate permission.
D)None of the above.

Question 47

Which of the following goals was not covered in this chapter?

A)goal 1
B)goal 2
C)goal 3
D)all of the above

Question 48

Those serving as reviewers during the publication process should .

A)respect confidentiality.
B)not be bound by confidentiality.
C)be able to use work reviewed to generate ideas.
D)none of the above.

Question 49

Which of the following statements regarding Landis' work is correct?

A)He would need a regular informed consent .
B)He would not need any informed consent.
C)He would need a regular informed consent and an additional form for recordings images.
D)He would only need an informed consent for recording images

Question 50

The IRB reviews proposals of intended research and evaluates if the research is ethical.

Question 51

With the National Recovery Act, the government established the IRB system and formed a commission to protect research participants.

Question 52

The three principles that guide the IRB are respect, beneficence, and justice.

Question 53

When was the Wichita Jury study conducted?

A)1940s
B)1950s
C)1960s
D)1970s
True/False Questions

Question 54

Which of the following is not a risk to participants in the Wichita Jury Study?

A)prevent future jury members from speaking freely
B)individuals could be identified by voice
C)the criminal might try and seek revenge
D)influence the judge's decision

Question 55

Which of the following goals was not covered in this chapter?

A)goal 4
B)goal 2
C)goal 3
D)all of the above

Question 56

The Belmont Report outlined which of the following principles)?

A)respect
B)justice
C)beneficence
D)all of the above

Question 57

All studies in psychology must obtain informed consent from participants.

Question 58

How many guidelines are contained in section 8.0 of the ethics code?

A)15
B)20
C)12
D)24

Question 59

The APS ethics code was developed to guide psychologists in their professional work.

Question 60

The IRB's definition of a special population includes: minors, pregnant women, terminally ill, and the mentally impaired.

Question 61

When offering inducements for participation, researchers need to make sure the inducement is worth more than the effort put forth by the participant.

Question 62

Animal rights activists assert that animals are no different from humans and should be given the same rights.

Question 63

Active deception is used in most studies in psychology

Question 64

Whereas the IRB deals with human subjects, the IACUC deals with animal subjects.

Question 65

There are some situations in which APA does not require informed consent.

Question 66

Psychologists are prohibited from recording voices and images in research.

Question 67

Passive deception is deception by omission.

Question 68

Passive deception is deception by commission.

Question 69

When a study is confidential, the participants can be identified by the information that is gathered.

Question 70

The process of debriefing is to provide participants with information about the study immediately after the data are collected.

Question 71

Once a research study has started, the participants are required to finish.

Question 72

There are two types of deception in psychological research, active and reactive deception.

Question 73

Participants can withdraw from a study at any point even if the study has started.

Question 74

When a study is anonymous, the participants can be identified by the information that is gathered.

Question 75

A consent form should tell participants information about the research being conducted.

Question 76

Deception in research is not allowed under the APA ethics code.

Question 77

Psychologists are not allowed under the APA ethics code to conduct research on animals.

Question 78

A confederate is a participant in the study but is also part of the research team.

Question 79

The final step in a study is called informed consent.

Question 80

Active deception occurs when a researcher deliberately misleads the participants.