Deck 14: Hypothesis Testing Revisited and Interpreting Results

Question 1

Which of the following is the alpha level accepted by most in psychological research as indicating significance?

A).05
B).06
C).10
D).15

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Tamara has just finished collecting her data for her research methods final project.Her results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups.In this situation, Tamara should __________.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis.
B)reject the null hypothesis.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

with a summary of research conducted by Dunn, Huntsinger, Lun, and Sinclair 2008).For this study, what would be the null hypothesis?

A)Men and women will not be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
B)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
C)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good gifts.
D)Men and women will be different in how they respond to bad gifts.

Answer 3

Men and women will not be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.

Question 4

with a summary of research conducted by Dunn, Huntsinger, Lun, and Sinclair 2008).For this study, what would be the research hypothesis?

A)Men and women will not be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
B)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good and bad gifts.
C)Men and women will be different in how they respond to good gifts.
D)Men and women will be different in how they respond to bad gifts.

Question 5

When do you reject the null hypothesis?

A)p < .05
B)p > .05
C)p = .05
D)p > .01

Question 6

When do you fail to reject the null hypothesis?

A)p < .05
B)p > .05
C)p = .05
D)p > .01

Question 7

A researcher hypothesizes that men will consume more caffeine than women.After the study has concludes, the researcher finds that there is no difference between men and women p >.05).What decision should the researcher make?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)fail to reject the null hypothesis
C)accept the null hypothesis
D)accept the research hypothesis

Question 8

You want to know whether typed or handwritten papers are graded differently by professors.You hope to show that there is a difference in the way typed and handwritten papers are evaluated.After the study has concluded, you find that there is a difference between the typed and handwritten papers in the grades received p < .05).What decision should you make?

A)reject the null hypothesis
B)fail to reject the null hypothesis
C)accept the null hypothesis
D)accept the research hypothesis

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct decision?

A)reject the null hypothesis when it is false
B)reject the null hypothesis when it is true
C)fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
D)none of the above

Question 10

Tamara has just finished collecting her data for her research methods final project.Her results indicate that there is not a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups.In this situation, Tamara should __________.

A)fail to reject the null hypothesis.
B)reject the null hypothesis.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 11

Of the following terms, which term fits least well?

A)level of significance
B)alpha level
C)assumption that the null is true
D)assumption that the null is false

Question 12

In psychological research, you reject the null hypothesis when __________.

A)the group means are equal.
B)the group means are close to equal.
C)the group means are different.
D)None of the above

Question 13

Alpha is __________.

A)the level of significance.
B)the probability of obtaining data assuming the null is true.
C)the probability of obtaining data assuming the null is false.
D)Both A and B.

Question 14

In psychological research, you fail to reject the null hypothesis when __________.

A)The group means are equal.
B)The group means are not different.
C)The group means are different.
D)Both A and B

Question 15

There are _____ possible outcomes to a study.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)unknown

Question 16

Tom is an undergraduate psychology major.He is conducting his first experiment and wants to know when he should determine the alpha level.What would you recommend to Tom?

A)Tom, the alpha level should be determined by your teacher.
B)Tom, the alpha level should be set prior to the experiment.
C)Tom, the alpha level should be set after you have collected data and examined the means.
D)Tom, the field of psychology determines the alpha level for all experiments.

Question 17

Which of the following statements below inaccurately describes alpha?

A)The lower the p-value, the less likely the obtained differences are due to chance.
B)The lower the p-value, the more likely the obtained differences are due to the IV.
C)The lower the p-value, the more likely the obtained differences are due to chance.
D)Both A and B.

Question 18

When conducting research, psychologists test the __________ hypothesis.

A)research
B)null
C)alternative
D)directional

Question 19

Kathryn has completed a study and rejected the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis was in fact true.Kathryn has made a __________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct decision?

A)Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is true
B)reject the null hypothesis when it is true
C)fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
D)none of the above

Question 21

A __________ distribution is one in which the most frequently occurring scores are not in the middle.

A)normal
B)skewed
C)research
D)central

Question 22

Kathryn has completed a study and rejected the null hypothesis when it was false.Kathryn has made a _________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.

Question 23

Jessica's exam scores for General Psychology were as follows: 95, 85, 70, and 90.Calculate the median for these scores.

A)85
B)87.5
C)90
D)97.5

Question 24

You asked students in your class to indicate how much of a morning person they are on a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 indicating "not at all" and 10 indicating "very much." Your responses were: 8, 8, 6, 4, 5, 2, 2, 8, and 7.Calculate the mode for these scores.

A)2
B)4
C)5
D)8

Question 25

The __________ is the average of the scores in a data set.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance

Question 26

There are ____ branches to statistics frequently used by psychologists.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 27

The purpose of _________ statistics is to allow you to draw conclusions about the population of interest from a sample.

A)inferential
B)descriptive
C)explanatory
D)none of the above

Question 28

The purpose of _________ statistics is to describe the data.inferential
B)descriptive
C)explanatory
D)none of the above

Question 29

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Replication plays a limited role in the field.
B)The original researcher can conduct a replication.
C)A different researcher can conduct a replication.
D)Replications utilize the same methodology as the original study.

Question 30

A __________ distribution is one in which most scores cluster in the center and few, but equal numbers, are on the extremes.

A)normal
B)skewed
C)research
D)central

Question 31

Which of the following statements about distributions is false?

A)In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all measures that equally describe the data set.
B)In a skewed distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all measures that equally describe the data set.
C)In a skewed distribution, not all of the measures of central tendency accurately describe the data set.
D)In a skewed distribution, it can be beneficial to use the median instead of the mean.

Question 32

Kathryn has completed a study and failed to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis was false.Kathryn has made a _________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.

Question 33

Kathryn has completed a study and failed to reject the null when the null hypothesis was true.Kathryn has made a _________.

A)correct decision.
B)a type I error.
C)a type II error.
D)a type III error.

Question 34

Jessica's exam scores for General Psychology were as follows: 95, 85, 70, and 90.Calculate the mean for these scores.

A)85
B)87.5
C)90
D)97.5

Question 35

Which of the following statements is false?

A)In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are the same.
B)In a normal distribution, most scores cluster around the center.
C)In a normal distribution, there are an equal number of low and high scores.
D)In a normal distribution, the scores are asymmetrical.

Question 36

The __________ is the most frequently occurring number in the data set.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance

Question 37

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)all of the above

Question 38

__________ are easily influenced by extreme scores.

A)Means
B)Medians
C)Modes
D)Variances

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a t-test frequently used by psychologists?

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)paired-samples
D)all of the above

Question 40

The __________ is the number in the middle of the data set.

A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)variance

Question 41

The __________ t-test is used to determine if the mean differences between pairs is significantly different from zero.

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)dependent
D)congruent

Question 42

When you have one independent variable with 3 or more levels, you would use a n) ______ to analyze the results.

A)one sample t-test
B)one-way ANOVA
C)three-way ANOVA
D)can't be determined

Question 43

Which of the following is a type of inferential statistic?

A)one-sample t-test
B)ANOVA
C)dependent t-test
D)all of the above

Question 44

The lower the obtained p-value, the more likely the obtained differences in the results are due to the manipulation of the study.

Question 45

The lower the obtained p-value, the less likely the obtained differences in the results are due to the manipulation of the study.

Question 46

A researcher rejects the null hypothesis when there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.

Question 47

The __________ t-test is used to determine when a mean is significantly different from a constant.

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)paired-samples
D)dependent

Question 48

There are 4 possible outcomes to any study.

Question 49

The __________ t-test is used to determine whether or not two means are significantly different from one another.

A)independent
B)one-sample
C)paired-samples
D)dependent

Question 50

When you have three independent variables each with 2 or more levels, you would use a n) _______ to analyze the results.

A)one sample t-test
B)one-way ANOVA
C)three-way ANOVA
D)can't be determined

Question 51

The lower the obtained p-value, the more likely the obtained differences in the results are due to chance.

Question 52

If a researcher uses an ANOVA, which of the following pieces of information should you look for in the results?

A)missing data
B)outliers
C)shape of distribution
D)all of the above

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Practical significance is more important than statistical significance.
B)Statistical significance is more important than practical significance.
C)Both practical and statistical significance are of equal importance.
D)None of the above

Question 54

A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a type of inferential statistic?

A)variance
B)one sample t-test
C)ANOVA
D)independent t-test

Question 56

A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when there is not a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.

Question 57

A researcher rejects the null hypothesis when there is not a statistically significant difference between the means of the groups in a study.

Question 58

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false is a correct decision.

Question 59

A Bonferroni Correction is used to limit the possibility of making a __________.

A)Type I error.
B)Type II error.
C)Correct decision.
D)None of the above.

Question 60

The lower the obtained p-value, the less likely the obtained differences in the results are due to chance.

Question 61

The mean is the number in the middle of a data set.

Question 62

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is

Question 63

Normal distributions are symmetrical.

Question 64

Replication employs a similar, but different, methodology than the original study.

Question 65

A Type II error occurs when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis even though the null hypothesis is false.

Question 66

Descriptive statistics allow you to draw inferences about populations using samples.

Question 67

One of the best ways to ensure the accuracy of the results of a study is through replication.

Question 68

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is

Question 69

Inferential statistics are conducted with data sets with skewed distributions.

Question 70

Psychologists frequently use three branches of statistics.

Question 71

The mode is the most frequently occurring number in a data set.

Question 72

Mean, median, and mode are examples of descriptive statistics.

Question 73

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false is a decision error.

Question 74

A Type II error occurs when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis even though the null hypothesis is true.

Question 75

Descriptive statistics describe data sets.

Question 76

It is possible to have more than one mode.

Question 77

A Type I error occurs when a research rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false.

Question 78

Skewed distributions are symmetrical.

Question 79

T-tests and ANOVAs are examples of descriptive statistics.

Question 80

A Type I error occurs when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.