Deck 6: Roles and Inequality

Question 1

In "Negotiating Work and Family in America," Shandy and Moe argue thaiis only
older women who face structural barriers in an attempto negotiate work and family
responsibilities.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Class is a kind ostratification defined by unequal access to prestige and valued resources buwhich can permiindividual mobility.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A group ranked in a system osocial stratification into which members are born for life is called a

A)caste.
B)class.
C)rank society.
D)stratified society.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Anthropologists usually recognize two kinds osocial stratification: egalitarian and rank.

Question 5

As used in this book, the term status refers to a person's social rank.

Question 6

In "Negotiating Work and Family in America," Shandy and Moe argue thaeven when men and women work athe same jobs, men always have domination over women.

Question 7

As societies grow larger, people may do mosotheir socializing in

A)ethnic groups.
B)territorial groups.
C)social networks.
D)kinship groups.

Question 8

Caste, like class, is a kind osocial stratification into which members are born, but
which permits mobility based on the acquisition owealth and symbols ohigher
standing.

Question 9

A "rank society" is one in which members have unequal access to prestige and valued economic resources.

Question 10

Time, place, and objects are significanmarkers of

A)social groups.
B)social networks.
C)roles.
D)social situations.

Question 11

Anthropologists and sociologists argue thaAmerican racial groups are equivalento Indian__________ because racial identity is permanenand affects chances for acquisition
Oprestige and economic success, and there are noticeable cultural differences among black
And white people in the United States.

A)classes
B)castes
C)kinship groups d social groups

Question 12

According to Shandy and Moe in "Negotiating Work and Family in America," anthropologisErnestine Friedl argues thacontrol opublicly shared resources, such as animal proteins, in hunter-gatherer societies determines the degree to which females are equal to males.

Question 13

According to Shandy and Moe in "Negotiating Work and Family in America," women make up one third oall workers on U.S.payrolls.

Question 14

In "Negotiating Work and Family in America," Shandy and Moe illustrate how the primary source oone's public social identity is his
or her occupation.

Question 15

Ia friend were to say, "He's the presidenothe college," the term "president" would refer to a

A)status.
B)role.
C)social situation.
D)social relationship.

Question 16

An army private mussalute when he approaches an officer and hold the salute until after the officer has returned the greeting.This is an illustration oa status.

Question 17

The culturally defined behaviors associated with particular social statuses are called

A)social identities.
B)social roles.
C)status clusters.
D)social action clusters.

Question 18

Roles are the categories odifferenkinds opeople who interact.

Question 19

A society in which there is unequal access to prestige buequal access to economic resources is called a(n)

A)egalitarian society.
B)socially stratified society.
C)rank society.
D)class society.

Question 20

Particular social categories opeople who interacare labeled

A)roles.
B)statuses.
C)social situations.
D)social groups.

Question 21

According to research by Shandy and Moe, there is currently a surplus owell-educated
professional men in relationship to women.

Question 22

According to Rogozen-Soltar in "Becoming Muslim in Europe," the Spanish Inquisition was an efforto ensure a uniform religious and ethnic population in Spain.Over the course oseveral hundred years, __________ were forced to convert, or be killed or exiled.

A)Catholics
B)Muslims and Jews
C)Catholics and Jews
D)Catholics and Muslims

Question 23

7.From 1939 to 1975, Francisco Franco enforced Catholicism as the national religion of
Spain.

Question 24

__________ is the only industrialized country thafails to provide paid leave for new mothers.

A)Sweden
B)United States
C)Papua New Guinea
D)Lesotho

Question 25

According to Rogozen-Soltar in "Becoming Muslim in Europe," Spain was parothe
Muslim empire for 800 years and evidence othahistory is seen in cities such as
Granada, buildings such as the Alhambra, and in Spanish cuisine, music, and dance.

Question 26

According to Rogozen-Soltar in "Becoming Muslim in Europe," due to the progressive
attitudes omany European countries, converts to Islam face few political or social
challenges.

Question 27

According to research cited by Shandy and Moe in "Negotiating Work and Family in America," the Washoe Indians othe Sierra Nevada Mountains in southern California exhibirelative gender equality due to the facthat

A)the women are solely responsible for providing the food for the family groups.
B)men and women are responsible for their own individual needs for food.
C)the men provide virtually all of the food by hunting for animal proteins.
D)both men and women forage for edible plants and both catch small animals as a source of protein.

Question 28

According to Shandy and Moe in "Negotiating Work and Family in America," factors thapull women to resign from work and return to home full time include three othe following.Which one do they nomention?

A)being with their children
B)lower stress
C)sense of responsibility
D)a biological imperative

Question 29

When the author firsmeMaría Martínez in 2006, she had married a Jordanian man and

A)planned to convert to Islam.
B)had given up wine, pork, and beer in preparation of converting to Islam.
C)had converted to Islam prior to marriage.
D)could not imagine a Spanish woman converting to Islam.

Question 30

According to Rogozen-Soltar in "Becoming Muslim in Europe," Islam is the world's
fastest-growing religion, due in parto new births in existing Muslim societies and to
new Muslims who have converted.

Question 31

In "Negotiating Work and Family in America," Shandy and Moe reporthawhen a parenleaves the workforce, 97 ouo100 times iis the woman who drops out.

Question 32

According to Shandy and Moe in "Negotiating Work and Family in America," women now serve as primary breadwinners in
__________ percenoall families, and own __________ oall U.S.businesses.

A)30, two thirds
B)40, one third
C)20, two thirds
D)10, one third

Question 33

Shandy and Moe, in "Negotiating Work and Family in America," argue thaa key to women's rank is

A)control over family finances.
B)having a large number of children.
C)obtaining high-level occupational positions.
D)their contribution of goods and services toward family maintenance.

Question 34

In "Becoming Muslim in Europe," author Mikaela Rogozen-Soltar states thaSpain
does nohave one predominanreligion; its citizens represena wide variety of
religious beliefs, including significanpercentages oJews, Catholics, Protestants,
and Muslims.

Question 35

Whafactor do Shandy and Moe pointo in "Negotiating Work and Family in America" as the mosimportanin understanding why women with unprecedented access to education, jobs, and income, "opout" othe workforce?

A)gender
B)income
C)education
D)generation

Question 36

Like the women in hunter-gatherer societies who share the responsibility for food supply, Shandy and Moe argue in "Negotiating Work and Family in America" thaU.S.women

A)now hold jobs traditionally reserved for men but have not gained the power and equality that comes with these jobs.
B)still do not have access to education, jobs, and income as men do.
C)have increasingly gained power and equality as they hold jobs once reserved for men.
D)have gained access to education, but have not made inroads in equality in the area of corporate and government jobs.

Question 37

According to Shandy and Moe in "Negotiating Work and Family in America," ethnographic research abouthe Inuipeople othe Arctic
Indicates thathe males

A)share responsibility with the females for providing the animal protein to the community.
B)provide virtually all of the food needs by hunting seals, walruses, whales, and fish.
C)forage for edible plants in addition to providing the community with necessary animal protein.
D)and females work to meet their own individual needs for food.

Question 38

Because othe country's history oMuslim identity, mosSpaniards have little
difficulty understanding how their countrymen can be both Spanish and Muslim.

Question 39

In "Negotiating Work and Family in America," Shandy and Moe note thano longer holding a high-ranking job is a problem for a woman's prestige.Whacan a woman do to retain prestige when she spends all her time ahome?

A)note what her high prestige jobs had been
B)argue that being a stay-at-home mom is actually more important
C)note that she and her husband could not afford nannies
D)maintain a very clean and well appointed home

Question 40

In "Becoming Muslim in Europe," Rogozen-Soltar states thain order to converto the
Muslim faith, would-be converts musenroll in religion classes and receive
official acceptance from religious authorities.

Question 41

As a resulothe Spanish Inquisition and Franco's enforcemenoCatholicism as a national religion, mosSpaniards

A)believe it is easy to be both Muslim and Spanish.
B)embrace their fellow citizens who are exercising religious freedom by converting.
C)view Catholicism as integral to their national identity.
D)grow up in religiously diverse towns and cities, exposed to many other religions.

Question 42

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," an avocado is classified by Brazilians as a fruiand by North Americans as a vegetable.

Question 43

In "Mixed Blood," Fish argues thahuman biological races do noexisbecause

A)people from anywhere on the planet can mate with others from anywhere else and produce fertile offspring.
B)scientists have ignored important physical traits such as body shape.
C)people find it politically incorrect to name them.
D)the real traits that indicate genetic groupings cannot be observed.

Question 44

In "Mixed Blood," Fish argues thascientists, such as psychologists, use the concepohypo-descento choose the physical characteristics thadetermine biological races.

Question 45

The five pillars othe Islamic faith include: the recitation othe __________, daily prayers, fasting during __________, annual charitable giving, and pilgrimage to Mecca once
During the lifetime othose who are able.

A)Koran, Shahada
B)Shahada, Ramadan
C)Hijab, si Dios lo quiere
D)Insh'allah, Shahada

Question 46

After becoming a Muslim, María Martínez believed thathe besway to fighpopular assumptions thaIslam and Spanishness are diametrically opposed was to

A)remind Catholic and secular Spaniards about their country's Muslim heritage.
B)write letters to the editors of local papers, demanding equal treatment for Muslims.
C)adopt traditional Muslim dress, including a hajib, whenever she went out.
D)try to convert as many Spaniards to Islam as possible.

Question 47

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," his daughter can change her race by flying from New York to Brazil.She can do this because

A)Brazilians don't know what her North American racial classification is.
B)Brazilians have a different set of racial categories than do North Americans.
C)she can claim to be any race she wants; there are no such things as biological races.
D)although she is classed as white in the United States, she can become loura, preta, or tipo in Brazil.

Question 48

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," Brazilians classify people into tipos such as loura, branca, morena, mulata, and preta on the basis ohow they look.

Question 49

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," human beings cannobe classified into races on the basis ophysical characteristics because there is so little variation within the human species.

Question 50

In "Motorcycles, Membership, and Belonging," McCurdy argues thaindividuals in Indian society have turned to personal networks outside otheir family, including groups opeople from local taverns, civic organizations, and special interests, for satisfying social connections.

Question 51

When the author returned to Spain in 2008, María Martínez

A)had converted to Islam and was working with Muslims who were victims of religious discrimination.
B)was still married but had retained her Catholic beliefs.
C)had divorced her husband due to religious differences.
D)still believed that an individual could not be both Spanish and Muslim.

Question 52

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," an avocado is classed as a in the United States and a ____ in Brazil.

A)fruit, seed
B)seed, nut
C)vegetable, nut
D)vegetable, fruit

Question 53

According to McCurdy in "Motorcycles, Membership, and Belonging," iis nouncommon for individuals in the United States to live in close proximity to neighbors they do noknow and to guard their privacy, thus appearing lonely and preoccupied.

Question 54

According to McCurdy in "Motorcycles, Membership, and Belonging," children in the United States are more likely to grow up in extended families and close-knicommunities, where loyalty to family is the mosimportanvalue instilled in them from a young age.

Question 55

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," North Americans fail in their attempto classify people into races because they ignore importanphysical differences such as body shape (rounded and lanky, for example).

Question 56

Spaniards who converto Islam

A)are required to legally change their status as a Spanish citizen to reflect this conversion.
B)face little discrimination and are accepted throughout the country.
C)endanger their social standing as recognized and respected members of Spanish society.
D)are welcomed with open arms by Muslims who have immigrated to Spain from Muslim countries.

Question 57

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," the American conception orace

A)is based on what body shapes people have.
B)is based on the racial identity of one's parents.
C)ignores the principle of hypo-descent.
D)is based on biological reality.

Question 58

In his article, "Mixed Blood," Jefferson M.Fish argues thathe American conceporace is culturally constructed, noa biological reality.

Question 59

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," the striking contrasbetween the very tall Masai and the stature othe very shorPygmies, both oAfrica, is representative of

A)race.
B)folk taxonomy.
C)hypo-descent.
D)human biological variety.

Question 60

According to Fish in "Mixed Blood," the terms moreno, loura, branca, and preta all refer to

A)areas of Brazil after which groups of people are named.
B)Brazilian names for different tipos (types).
C)areas of Brazil from which particular tipos are thought to have originated.
D)a folk taxonomy of skin colors starting with black and ending with white.

Question 61

According to McCurdy in "Motorcycles, Membership, and Belonging," interesgroups such as the Gold Wing Road Riders Association (GWRRA) provide members with a feeling oshared interest, sense oachievement, and self-worth thathey may lack in other aspects otheir lives.

Question 62

According to McCurdy in "Motorcycles, Membership, and Belonging," the official magazine othe GWRRA thareaches over 70,000 members is called

A)Wing World.
B)Wing Nut.
C)Gold Wing Riders Monthly.
D)Wing Ding.

Question 63

The Gold Wing Road Riders Association was formed in 1976 by seven couples who lived in Phoenix, Arizona.

Question 64

According to McCurdy in "Motorcycles, Membership, and Belonging," because the GWRRA is organized around couples and noindividuals, the GWRRA has unintentionally

A)diminished the role of women within the organization; women hold very few positions of authority and make up a minority at all organized events.
B)offended women, causing them to form their own Gold Wing riding association.
C)created an important role for women in the organization; women hold high-level positions and make up a majority of volunteers at rallies and fund-raisers.
D)largely ignored women who ride motorcycles in the United States and Canada.

Question 65

According to McCurdy in "Motorcycles, Membership, and Belonging," the GWRRA offers the same opportunities for __________ thacan still be found in rural Indian extended families and close-knicommunities today.

A)belonging and loyalty
B)individualism
C)competition
D)privacy and independence

Question 66

In "Motorcycles, Membership, and Belonging," McCurdy argues thaHonda company employees take on the role o__________ as they ride along with "Wingers" as participanobservers, gaining insighon how to improve and redesign their motorcycles to meeriders' needs.

A)detached observer
B)ethnographers
C)respondents
D)reporters

Question 67

Although designed for comforand touring, the Gold Wing motorcycle, introduced by Honda in 1965, was quickly adopted by sports-minded riders.

Question 68

Prior to the 1950s, motorcycle riding had whamany perceived as an image; thaiwas suitable for

A)average Americans.
B)women only.
C)outlaws.
D)couples.