Deck 6: Bringing up Baby

Question 1

Which term refers to a child,usually the oldest,who takes on the role of an absent parent?

A)surrogate mother
B)replacement parent
C)parentified child
D)replacement father

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which statement best describes immigrant parents?

A)They are more aware and tolerant of cultural diversity.
B)They hold the same expectations of their children than Canadian-born parents do.
C)They hold different expectations of their children than Canadian-born parents do.
D)They are less concerned about what other people will say about their parenting.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How do sociologists define socialization?

A)the ability to interact with people and have a good time socially
B)the process of passing on to new members a culture's ways of thinking and acting
C)the social principles accepted by a society as a whole or by a group within that society
D)cultural rules that tell us what,where,when,how,and why we should do something

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Some studies have found that children living in single-parent homes face a higher risk of low academic achievement and of dropping out.When monetary and non-monetary resources are statistically controlled,what happens to this relationship?

A)It is reduced and may even disappear.
B)It is increased.
C)It gives further evidence that the relationship is strong.
D)It proves that children in single-parent homes face many academic challenges.

Question 5

What is the main reason that parents today choose to home school?

A)to practice an alternative lifestyle
B)ideological reasons
C)financial reasons
D)to ensure their child is safe and protected

Question 6

Which type of parents can be described as cold and distant?

A)authoritarian
B)uninvolved
C)disengaged
D)permissive

Question 7

Which term refers to a family comprising one or both grandparents and their grandchild or grandchildren where no parents are present?

A)skip-generation
B)bi-generation
C)triparenting
D)multi-generation

Question 8

What is often expected of siblings,especially sisters,with respect to a sibling with physical or mental challenges?

A)to not talk about it outside of the family
B)to help with childcare and to include the sibling in social activities
C)to act as a third parent to the exceptional child
D)to act as a "normal" role model for the exceptional child

Question 9

Which of the following is a recent trend?

A)More children probably know their grandparents than ever before.
B)The extended family has little relevance for present-day families.
C)Extended families are strong in rural areas but not in cities.
D)Most adults live a long distance from their parents.

Question 10

Which type of parenting recognizes the child's right to make decisions?

A)attachment
B)authoritarian
C)uninvolved
D)permissive

Question 11

Which term refers to the concept of providing opportunities for full participation and equal chances for all students?

A)inclusive curriculum
B)exclusive curriculum
C)extensive curriculum
D)multicultural curriculum

Question 12

As families become smaller,which of the following might be one effect?

A)Parents will spend less time socializing their children.
B)Schools will take on more of the primary socialization tasks.
C)Sibling rivalry will increase dramatically.
D)Peers may become more influential in socialization.

Question 13

Media such as television or the Internet can be a good or bad influence on young children.According to the text,what does the type of influence appear to depend on most?

A)the use of the v-chip and screening software to protect children
B)television viewing and computer use by their peers
C)children's age and stage of development
D)a rating system for violence and sex in television programs

Question 14

According to the text,why are the choices working parents make about childcare important?

A)They will determine how much time they can spend with their child.
B)Many children spend more time with substitute caregivers than with parents.
C)Children in small daycare centres tend to lag in school readiness.
D)Quality childcare mostly protects a child's health and safety.

Question 15

According to the text,why do sociologists speculate that in the future peers will become more influential?

A)because children value peers more than siblings
B)because families are large
C)because families are getting smaller
D)because peers share common interests

Question 16

Amanda is trying to copy the way her older sister,Julia,acts around boys.What is Julia in this scenario?

A)an advisor for Amanda
B)a role model for Amanda
C)an angry rival for Amanda
D)a role usurper for Amanda

Question 17

Which tern refers to aggression targeted at a person online through technology?

A)cyberpranking
B)cyberbullying
C)bullying
D)text bully

Question 18

How does socialization most often occur?

A)from reading books
B)through implicit instruction
C)through subtle interactions and observation
D)from going to school

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT considered an agent of socialization?

A)schools
B)daycare
C)media
D)extended family

Question 20

What is the term for the impact of a teacher's expectations on a student's academic performance?

A)academic achievement bias
B)teacher expectancy effect
C)classroom outcome results
D)school success factor

Question 21

How are children with authoritative parents often described?

A)as defiant and rebellious
B)as selfish and undisciplined
C)as competent and friendly
D)as detached and submissive

Question 22

Which term is used to describe the trend centred solely on the needs of the child,and which has expanded beyond the physical to include emotional,psychological,and cognitive needs as well?

A)caboose mothering
B)authoritative parents
C)intensive mothering
D)permissive parents

Question 23

What is one criticism of child-rearing experts during the first half of the 20th century?

A)Their theories were based on observations of white middle-class families.
B)They regarded children as economically worthless but emotionally priceless.
C)Their theories depended too much on tradition and not enough on science.
D)Their theories were based on observation of children with abnormalities.

Question 24

Historically,what was seen as the greatest duty allotted to womankind?

A)being a housewife
B)being a sister
C)being a mother
D)being a wife

Question 25

Which type of parents are strong on obligations and responsibilities but weak on recognizing children's individuality?

A)authoritarian
B)permissive
C)authoritative
D)punitive

Question 26

According to the text,why are sibling relationships important?

A)Siblings are independent.
B)Siblings share the same environment
C)Siblings are ascribed
D)Siblings serve as role models.

Question 27

Diana Baumrind described three parenting styles.A fourth was added later by other theorists.What is this fourth type called?

A)the uninvolved parent
B)the disengaged parent
C)the authoritarian parent
D)the permissive parent

Question 28

Studies on the negative effects on children associated with divorced,single-parent,and stepparent families have found that these effects are often greatest during which time?

A)six months before the divorce
B)three years after the change in family structure
C)until the child is 6 years old
D)immediately following the change in family structure

Question 29

At what age do schools assume responsibility for socialization of children?

A)2 or 3
B)4 or 5
C)6 or 7
D)8 or 9

Question 30

When considering socialization,what do structural functionalist thinkers look at?

A)how the structure of a child's family has an impact on his or her socialization
B)how the transmission of cultural norms ensures the stability of families and society
C)how socialization occurs through the day-to-day relationships of individual family members
D)the way family subsystems and boundaries shape children

Question 31

What is shown in research studies of children in daycare during their first year?

A)These children usually do worse in school.
B)Results depend on the quality of care.
C)Results depend on the quality of home life.
D)Such children tend to be less aggressive.

Question 32

According to one Canadian study,which of the following was more at risk of parental psychological violence than were children from separated families?

A)children of teenage mothers
B)children of cohabiting parents with low levels of conflict
C)children from two-parent families with high levels of conflict
D)children who were adopted

Question 33

What happens as family size increases?

A)Fewer opportunities exist for family time.
B)Resources must be spread across more people.
C)Parents are too busy to play with their children.
D)Children become less interested in peers.

Question 34

Several studies have found that children parents' education is one of the strongest factors predicting level and type of education desired by their children? According to the text,why is this the case?

A)They are more cognitively involved with their children.
B)They have higher income as a result of their higher education.
C)They are more permissive parents.
D)They encourage free play.

Question 35

In 2012,what percentage of kids aged 10-17 had been cyberbullied?

A)10
B)11
C)12
D)14

Question 36

According to the text,which parenting style observed among low-income black parents has a high degree of control but also a lot of affection?

A)attachment parenting
B)uninvolved parenting
C)no-nonsense
D)authoritarian parenting

Question 37

A study of Inuit parents identified three main themes in their traditional parenting.Which is NOT one of the themes?

A)nurturance and attachment
B)love and commitment
C)autonomy and independence
D)observation and interpersonal games

Question 38

What does affection between brothers and sisters usually depend on?

A)access to each other
B)plotting against parents
C)payoffs for not tattling
D)the difference in their ages

Question 39

In the earlier part of the 20th century,experts intruded in the family life of poor and minority families,especially if they were on welfare.How did they do this?

A)by allowing the children to sue parents for "divorce"
B)by expecting the families to conform to traditional values and standards
C)by advising the children to report their parents for abuse or neglect
D)by expecting the families to conform to "scientific" standards of child rearing

Question 40

Which group has a higher probability of using reproductive technologies?

A)younger men
B)older men
C)older women
D)younger women

Question 41

What often happens to children who grow up in authoritarian families?

A)They become more responsible adults because standards are clear.
B)They experience both high expectations and regard for their wishes.
C)They are much less likely to be spanked because they are obedient.
D)They may become submissive or defiant and rebellious.

Question 42

According to the text,what did the 20th century see the arrival of?

A)child labour in the street trades,such as polishing shoes
B)the economically worthless but emotionally priceless child
C)a refusal to conform to scientific child-rearing standards
D)the emotionally neglected but economically valued child

Question 43

What caregiving situation has resulted from the trend away from the institutionalization of people with intellectual and developmental challenges?

A)Caregiving is temporary.
B)Caregiving can span five decades.
C)Caregiving can span three decades.
D)Caregiving is a burden for the parents.

Question 44

According to the text,how children are socialized depends on which factor?

A)what we expect of their future
B)who their parents are
C)how intelligent they are
D)whether or not the child is at school

Question 45

What role do children take on in immigrant families where English or French is not the home language?

A)linguistic leader
B)integrator
C)communication mediator
D)language brokers

Question 46

According to the text,where is ethnic identity the strongest?

A)smaller cities and rural areas
B)gateway cities
C)urban centres
D)northern areas

Question 47

According to the text,although Indigenous families across Canada are a diverse population what do they tend to value?

A)nature and animals
B)respect for elders and nature
C)independence and spontaneity
D)interdependence of all life and spirituality

Question 48

Which group is most likely to have a video-gaming device in their room?

A)pre-schoolers
B)7-to-9 year olds
C)8-to10 year olds
D)12-to-13 year olds

Question 49

Which term refers to rituals that occur less frequently around a particular event?

A)holidays
B)special events
C)routines
D)traditions

Question 50

What have recent surveys shown about Aboriginal students?

A)Fewer Aboriginal children are completing high school than before.
B)Those living on remote reserves are more likely to graduate from high school.
C)More Aboriginal individuals are undertaking postsecondary studies.
D)Aboriginal students are disadvantaged by the number of their family responsibilities.

Question 51

According to the text,how do adolescents view technology?

A)as a way to bully other teens
B)as a way to improve their academic achievement
C)as a way to make friends
D)as a way to gain independence from their parents

Question 52

What was the problem with earlier studies that examined gender differences in parenting?

A)They were based on homosexual parents.
B)They had small sample sizes.
C)They were longitudinal.
D)They were based on heterosexual couples.

Question 53

According to the text,what has been shown to reduce various risky behaviours in adolescents?

A)consistent discipline
B)authoritarian parenting
C)rituals
D)regular family meals

Question 54

What percentage of Canadian students has Internet access?

A)64
B)78
C)86
D)99

Question 55

When does socialization stop?

A)at five years of age
B)during adolescence
C)in middle age
D)at death

Question 56

Which type of parenting is considered child-centred?

A)no-nonsense
B)attachment
C)dismissive
D)uninvolved

Question 57

In the past,what was done by residential schools set up to educate Indigenous children?

A)They taught children to appreciate their parents' values.
B)They encouraged the learning of Indigenous languages.
C)They undermined Indigenous language and culture.
D)They showed them how to live off the land.

Question 58

What happened to the proportion of children living in households with married parents between 2001 and 2011?

A)It decreased.
B)It increased.
C)It stayed the same.
D)It fluctuated dramatically.

Question 59

What did the early writings on sibling relationships tend to emphasize?

A)love
B)rivalry
C)warmth
D)commitment

Question 60

Zachary's parents were in their 40s when he was born.According to the text,what often happens to children like Zachary who have older parents?

A)They find that their parents' age makes no difference to their lives.
B)They enjoy many activities with extended family members such as grandparents.
C)They are more likely to be afraid their parents will die before they become independent.
D)They are less likely to enjoy luxuries than children of younger parents,who can earn more.

Question 61

What often happens when children begin to go to childcare or to school?

A)Parents lose control over their children's environment.
B)Parents feel reassured since they select the form of childcare.
C)Parents retain some control over their children's environment.
D)Parents continue to exert full control over their children's socialization.

Question 62

How do family stories help socialize children?

A)by emphasizing family values
B)by teaching them the correct way to do things
C)by making children believe that their family is the best
D)by weaving families and kin together

Question 63

Generally,who has the single most powerful influence in the socialization of children?

A)friends
B)siblings
C)teachers
D)parents

Question 64

According to the text,because parents' education level has an impact on academic achievement,what should education policies do?

A)focus on multiple life cycles
B)focus on one life cycle
C)focus on the grandparents
D)focus on immigrant parents

Question 65

How is childhood viewed today?

A)as a separate life stage
B)as a temporary life transition
C)as an important period of life
D)as a key factor in socialization

Question 66

What happens to a couples' sexual relationship after a child is born?

A)It decreases.
B)It increases.
C)There is no change.
D)It increases then decreases.

Question 67

Caitlyn's parents encourage her to make her own decisions and to express her individual personality.They set few rules and expect her to do little to help around the house,unless she wants to.What parenting style are they using?

A)authoritative
B)permissive
C)caring
D)lackadaisical

Question 68

According to people who study birth-order effects,what do middle children often do?

A)act as mediators
B)use charm to get what they want
C)associate more with adults
D)try to copy the eldest

Question 69

What is one finding of family-size studies?

A)Children in large families have better language development.
B)Children in large families often live in neighbourhoods with good role models.
C)Family size has no impact on child outcomes.
D)Children in large families have better nutrition.

Question 70

Emma's parents are authoritative.According to the text,which of the following is probably most typical of their parenting?

A)They emphasize Emma's responsibilities,but let her make few decisions.
B)They feel that Emma should make her own decisions,even if they are inconvenient.
C)They have high expectations for Emma,and allow no excuses if she fails to achieve them.
D)They have high expectations for Emma,but respect her as an individual.

Question 71

In 2011,what percentage of children under the age of 14 lived with at least one grandparent?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)8

Question 72

According to the text,which statement best describes the socialization of children?

A)When both parents work,they have little influence on socialization.
B)Parents exert a great deal of indirect control over their children's environment.
C)Siblings of the same sex are more important socializers than siblings of the other sex.
D)Teachers are the most important socializers for children.

Question 73

What is one class assignment that is often criticized by some parents?

A)ancestry analysis
B)family tree
C)generational interviews
D)family ancestry

Question 74

Alex is 15 and has same-sex parents.According to the text,which situation is most likely to arise for Alex?

A)He will grow up to be gay because of his role models.
B)His mother will have poor parenting skills.
C)He will not differ from his peers reared by opposite-sex parents.
D)He won't have any male role models.

Question 75

According to the text,what is the most common form of communication used by parents and their adolescents?

A)texting
B)Snapchat
C)computer
D)Facebook

Question 76

Which group achieves higher occupational prestige and earns more money?

A)first-born children
B)only-born children
C)middle children
D)youngest children

Question 77

What do studies show in relation to a couples' happiness after they have children?

A)It increases then drops off.
B)It decreases then increases.
C)It decreases.
D)It increases.

Question 78

What are some strategies that parents use to protect their children from the negative effects of social media?

A)monitoring
B)surveillance
C)increasing time
D)allowing them freedom

Question 79

What is helping to re-create family health in Indigenous communities?

A)the growth of a new Indigenous awareness
B)the expansion of the residential school system
C)the compensation given for the disruption of families and traditions
D)the belief that children are gifts from the spirit world

Question 80

How many hours a day do preschoolers spend exposed to some kind of screen media?

A)2
B)3
C)5
D)6