Deck 18: Statistics and Data Analysis

Question 1

While the Gamma statistic has other problems, which of the answers below is an advantage of Gamma:

A) expressly designed for 2 X 2 tables
B) it uses interval level data
C) it calculates asymmetric relationships
D) it has a PRE interpretation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Lambda has a major problem. Which of the answers below best represents that problem?

A) it will underestimate the association present in a table if marginals are substantially unequal
B) it will overestimate the association present in a table if marginals are substantially unequal
C) it will become more sensitive when cases in a table are equally distributed
D) it can provide a zero result when probability estimates are above .05

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Uncertainty Coefficient has which advantages below?

A) it focuses on the odds of one case being in the marginals, rather than the number of cells
B) there are multiple versions of the statistic for both nominal and ordinal level data
C) there are symmetric and asymmetric versions
D) none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The five basic elements of a box plot include which of the items below?

A) the medians
B) the middle hinges
C) the whisker hinges
D) all of the above

Question 5

The Kruskal-Wallis H test is a nonparametric alternative to which statistic below?

A) Partial regression
B) Uncertainty Coefficient
C) Spearman's Rho
D) Analysis of variance

Question 6

A box plot is a ____________ statistic.

A) univariate
B) nominal-level
C) parametric
D) none of the above

Question 7

In order to make a basic choice of which type of multiple comparison test can be used, you need to

A) determine the sample size used in the data set
B) test for equality of variances
C) calculate the analysis of variance test first
D) examine the marginal totals for equality

Question 8

Multiple comparison tests are also known as

A) post hoc tests
B) a priori tests
C) multi-group tests
D) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is the best interpretation of a significant Somers' d with a value of .30?

A) 9% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained
B) 9% of the variance in the independent variable is explained
C) 15% of the variance in the independent variable is explained
D) 30% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained

Question 10

Somers' d is actually created from another statistic; that statistic is:

A) Pearson's r
B) Gamma
C) Uncertainty Coefficient (U)
D) Phi

Question 11

If a curve is negatively skewed:

A) the longest tail extends to the left
B) the data are normally distributed
C) the middle is not as high as a normal curve
D) the middle is higher than a normal curve

Question 12

An appropriate measure for determining the strength of the relationship between religious affiliation (Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, Other) and gender (Male, female) is:

A) Phi
B) Uncertainty Coefficient (U)
C) Chi-square
D) t-test

Question 13

The concept of homoscedasticity, as it applies to multiple comparison tests is

A) equality of marginals totals
B) equality of group sizes
C) group kurtosis levels are equal
D) none of the above

Question 14

The lower hinge in a box plot represents

A) the middle of the data
B) the 25th percentile
C) 10% of the lowest scores
D) the lowest extreme score

Question 15

The Mann-Whitney U statistic is a nonparametric alternative to which statistic below?

A) Pearson's r
B) Somers' d
C) t-test
D) Fisher's Exact Test

Question 16

Two basic questions help to determine which group of nonparametric tests to use; they are:

A) are the data nominal or ordinal and are they distributed normally or not
B) are the data nominal or ordinal and how many groups are being compared
C) are the data distributed normally and are they they from related or independent data
D) how many groups are being compared and are they from related or independent data

Question 17

A significant Lambda value of .20 is best interpreted as:

A) 4% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained
B) 4% of the variance in the independent variable is explained
C) 10% of the variance in the independent variable is explained
D) 20% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained

Question 18

If a curve is positively skewed, its mode, median and mean should appear in this order:

A) the mean falls to the left of the mode and the mode falls to the right of the median
B) the median falls to the left of the mode and the mean falls to the left of the median
C) the median falls to the right of the mode and the mean falls to the right of the median
D) none of the above

Question 19

In general, ordinal measures of association tend to provide an inaccurate estimate of the real relationship when:

A) the sample size is very large
B) the data are measured at the ordinal level
C) there are many ties in the data
D) all of the above

Question 20

A kurtosis score of -.90 suggests that the data have a:

A) a distribution that is extended toward the low tail of a normal curve
B) less than 90 percent chance of being below the mean
C) a distribution that can be treated as normal
D) lower probability of occurrence than a score of +.90