Deck 2: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules the Building Blocks of Matter

Question 1

If the nucleus of an atom has a radius of about 5 fm and a mass of about 2 *10^-21 g, what is its approximate density? (The volume of a sphere = 4 $\pi$ r³/3.)

A)4 *10¹⁵ g/cm³
B)4 *10¹² g/cm³
C)4 *10⁹ g/cm³
D)4 * 10⁶ g/cm³
E)4 * 10³ g/cm³

Answer 1

4 *10¹⁵ g/cm³

Question 2

Who was the first scientist to determine the charge of an electron?

A)Henri Becquerel
B)Robert Millikan
C)Joseph John Thomson
D)John Dalton
E)James Chadwick

Answer 2

Robert Millikan

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true regarding Thomson's cathode ray experiment and the discovery of electrons?

A)Radioactivity was also discovered.
B)Magnetic fields deflected cathode rays, but electric fields did not.
C)Cathode rays were split into two beams by magnetic fields.
D)The charge of the electron was determined.
E)The mass-to-charge ratio of the electron was determined.

Answer 3

The mass-to-charge ratio of the electron was determined.

Question 4

Which statement regarding the Geiger-Marsden experiment is FALSE?

A)Beta particles were occasionally deflected by electrons in the gold atoms.
B)Alpha particles were occasionally deflected by small positively charged regions in the gold atoms.
C)The results suggested that the positive charge of an atom is localized in a small region.
D)The results suggested that most of the mass of an atom is contained in a small region.
E)The results suggested that the plum-pudding model of the atom was incorrect.

Question 5

What are cathode rays?

A)electrons
B)protons
C)neutrons
D)alpha particles
E)x-rays

Question 6

Who discovered neutrons?

A)Henri Becquerel
B)Robert Millikan
C)Joseph John Thomson
D)John Dalton
E)James Chadwick

Question 7

What is the correct symbol for a proton?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 8

What is the correct symbol for an electron?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 9

Which statement regarding Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom is FALSE?

A)The diameter of the atom is approximately 10,000 times larger than the nucleus.
B)The nucleus is approximately 100 times smaller than the diameter of the atom.
C)The nucleus is surrounded by a diffuse cloud of electrons.
D)Electrons and protons are not mixed uniformly throughout the atom.
E)The atom is mostly empty space.

Question 10

What is the correct symbol for a $\alpha$ particle?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 11

The diameter of a carbon atom is approximately 140 pm, whereas the diameter of a pencil lead is approximately 0.7 mm.How many carbon nuclei would be required to span 0.7 mm? The radius of the nucleus is approximately 10,000 times smaller than the radius of an atom.

A)5 * 10⁹ nuclei
B)5 * 10¹⁰ nuclei
C)5 * 10¹² nuclei
D)5 *10¹³ nuclei
E)5 *10¹⁵ nuclei

Question 12

If the nucleus of an atom had a diameter of 1 cm roughly that of a dime, what would be the approximate diameter of the atom? The radius of the nucleus is approximately 10,000 times smaller than the radius of an atom.

A)1000 km
B)10 km
C)1000 m
D)100 m
E)1 m

Question 13

Which statement regarding Millikan's oil drop experiment is true?

A)X-rays removed electrons from fine oil droplets to produce cations.
B)The rate at which charged oil droplets fell in an adjustable magnetic field was related to the charge on an electron.
C)The rate at which charged oil droplets fell in an adjustable electric field was related to the charge on an electron.
D)The rate at which ionized N₂ and O₂ molecules fell between electrically charged metal plates was related to the charge on an electron.
E)Electrons were found to have either a positive or negative charge depending on how they were generated.

Question 14

What is the correct symbol for a $\beta$ particle?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 15

Which subatomic particles have approximately equal masses?

A)protons and neutrons
B)protons and electrons
C)neutrons and electrons
D)protons, neutrons, and electrons
E)none of the above

Question 16

Which subatomic particles have opposite charges?

A)protons and neutrons
B)protons and electrons
C)neutrons and electrons
D)all protons
E)all neutrons

Question 17

A baseball has a diameter of approximately 7.4 cm (2.9 in), whereas a carbon atom has a diameter of about 140 pm.How many times larger is the baseball than the carbon atom?

A)5.3 * 10¹²
B)5.3 *10¹⁰
C)5.3*10⁸
D)5.3 * 10⁶
E)5.3 *10³

Question 18

If the diameter of a carbon atom is approximately 140 pm, how many carbon atoms lined up side to side would span a pencil lead with a diameter of about 0.7 mm?

A)5 *10¹ atoms
B)5* 10³ atoms
C)5 * 10⁵ atoms
D)5*10⁶ atoms
E)5 * 10⁹ atoms

Question 19

What is the correct symbol for a neutron?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 20

Who discovered electrons?

A)Henri Becquerel
B)Robert Millikan
C)Joseph John Thomson
D)John Dalton
E)James Chadwick

Question 21

What is the symbol for potassium?

A)P
B)K
C)Pt
D)Po
E)Pm

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding the discovery of isotopes is FALSE?

A)Positively charged ions were deflected by a combination of electric and magnetic fields.
B)Nuclides with equal charges but different masses were deflected to different degrees.
C)The amount of deflection of an ion depended on its charge.
D)An estimate of the relative abundance of the different isotopes of an element could be ascertained.
E)If nuclides had the same mass but different positive charges, the ion with the smallest charge was deflected the most.

Question 23

Isotopes have

A)the same atomic mass.
B)the same total number of protons and neutrons.
C)the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons.
D)the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
E)the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons.

Question 24

Protons and neutrons are examples of

A)nuclei.
B)nuclides.
C)nucleons.
D)isotopes.
E)charged particles.

Question 25

What is the nuclide symbol for the atom that has an atomic number equal to the number of electrons in ³⁵Cl ^- and a neutron number equal to the mass number of a sodium atom containing 11 neutrons?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 26

Nuclei with certain numbers of protons and neutrons or combinations thereof) appear to be more stable than others."Magic numbers" that are consistent with known nuclides are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126, with 180 and 306 being hypothesized as the next in the series.Using this information, along with your knowledge of atoms and isotopes, you try to synthesize a new atom symbol X) based on stable combinations of nucleons.Which do you think is a likely candidate?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 27

Identify the atom or ion:
i) _______; ii) _______; and iii) _______.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 28

Which element forms an ionic compound with oxygen that has the formula XO?

A)germanium
B)aluminum
C)lithium
D)calcium
E)potassium

Question 29

Which of the following is an alkali metal?

A)Rb
B)Mg
C)Al
D)Cu
E)Ca

Question 30

Which element forms ionic compounds with the formula XBr₃?

A)sodium
B)aluminum
C)lithium
D)calcium
E)carbon

Question 31

Calcium is an example of

A)an alkali metal.
B)a transition metal.
C)an alkaline earth metal.
D)a halogen.
E)a chalcogen.

Question 32

A strontium-90 atom that has lost 2 electrons has protons, neutrons, and electrons.

A)38; 90; 36
B)38; 52; 40
C)38; 52; 36
D)38; 90; 40
E)90; 38; 88

Question 33

Elements 21 through 30 are known as

A)alkaline earths.
B)chalcogens.
C)halides.
D)transition metals.
E)rare earths.

Question 34

Elements in group 17 (VIIA) are called

A)alkali metals.
B)pnictogens.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)halogens.
E)chalcogens.

Question 35

Cs is the symbol for

A)cerium.
B)chromium.
C)calcium.
D)curium.
E)cesium.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a common ion?

A)Rb⁺
B)S^2-
C)Al³⁺
D)I^2-
E)Ba²⁺

Question 37

A phosphorus-31 atom has protons, neutrons, and electrons.

A)31; 31; 31
B)15; 16; 16
C)15; 31; 15
D)15; 16; 15
E)16; 15; 15

Question 38

Which element forms an ionic compound with the formula Na₃X?

A)magnesium
B)carbon
C)iodine
D)phosphorus
E)sulfur

Question 39

What is the symbol for magnesium?

A)M
B)Mg
C)Mn
D)Mo
E)Md

Question 40

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The identity of an atom can be determined solely by its atomic number.
B)The identity of an isotope can be determined solely by its mass number.
C)Atoms of different elements may have the same mass numbers.
D)Atoms of different elements cannot contain the same number of protons.
E)The different isotopes of an element are not always equally abundant.

Question 41

Which halogen is radioactive?

A)astatine
B)polonium
C)iodine
D)tellurium
E)bismuth

Question 42

What is the charge on the titanium ion in TiO₂?

A)(+4)
B)(+2)
C)(+1)
D)(-1)
E)(-2)

Question 43

Zinc oxide, a combination of zinc and oxygen, is found in many skin ointments.What formula best describes this compound?

A)ZnO
B)Zn₂O
C)ZnO₂
D)Zn₂O₂
E)Zn₂O₃

Question 44

Silicon is best described as a

A)metalloid.
B)metal.
C)transition metal.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 45

What is the charge on the iron ion in FeCl₃?

A)(-3)
B)(+3)
C)(-1)
D)(+1)
E)0

Question 46

In what ratio will alkaline earth metals pair with chalcogens when they form ionic compounds?

A)3:1
B)2:1
C)1:1
D)1:2
E)1:3

Question 47

What is the correct formula for the compound formed between sodium and selenium based on their positions in the periodic table?

A)Na₂Se
B)NaSe₂
C)NaSe
D)Na₂Se₂
E)Na₃Se

Question 48

The sixth period of the periodic table contains elements.

A)18
B)32
C)24
D)16
E)8

Question 49

What is the name of the halogen in period 5?

A)selenium
B)tellurium
C)bromine
D)iodine
E)antimony

Question 50

What is the charge on the thallium ion in Tl₂O₃?

A)(+1)
B)(+2)
C)(+3)
D)(-3)
E)(-1)

Question 51

In what ratio will alkaline earth metals pair with halogens when they form ionic compounds?

A)3:1
B)2:1
C)1:1
D)1:2
E)1:3

Question 52

Which two elements would you expect to show the most similar behavior?

A)Se and Br
B)B and C
C)Li and Be
D)Sn and Bi
E)Ca and Sr

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT true regarding cations and anions?

A)N^3- represents a nitrogen atom that has gained three electrons.
B)An oxygen molecule can lose an electron to form O₂^-.
C)Ca^{2 -}represents a calcium atom that has lost two electrons.
D)The formation of a chlorine anion can be written as Cl+ e^- $\rightarrow$ Cl^-.
E)N₂ $\rightarrow$ N₂ +e ^- describes a nitrogen molecule forming a +1 cation.

Question 54

What is the charge on the manganese ion in MnS₂?

A)(+4)
B)(+2)
C)(+1)
D)(-1)
E)(-2)

Question 55

Elements in group 18 (VIIIA) are called

A)alkali metals.
B)noble gases.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)halogens.
E)chalcogens.

Question 56

Cobalt is best described as a

A)metalloid.
B)transition metal.
C)chalcogen.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 57

Sodium is best described as a

A)metalloid.
B)metal.
C)transition metal.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 58

Which characteristic would you expect indium NOT to exhibit?

A)shiny luster
B)electrically insulating
C)malleable
D)a +3 ionic charge
E)solid at room temperature

Question 59

Oxygen is best described as a

A)metalloid.
B)metal.
C)transition metal.
D)noble gas.
E)nonmetal.

Question 60

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed when calcium and bromine combine?

A)CaBr
B)CaBr₂
C)Ca₂Br
D)Ca₂Br₂
E)CaB₂

Question 61

What is the name of the metalloid in period four that is in the same family as nitrogen?

A)bismuth
B)antimony
C)arsenic
D)carbon
E)selenium

Question 62

You create a superheavy atom with an atomic number of 120.To which category does it belong?

A)halogens
B)actinides
C)transition metals
D)alkali metals
E)alkaline earth metals

Question 63

Which of the following compounds contains the most nitrogen atoms per formula?

A)N₂H₄
B)NH₄NO₃
C)NaN₃
D)NH₄)₂SO₄
E)C₈H₁₂N₄O₃

Question 64

Rubidium has two naturally occurring isotopes, 85Rb 84.912 amu) and 87Rb 86.909 amu).Rubidium-85 is the more abundant isotope 72.17%).Calculate the average atomic mass of Rb.

A)86.91 amu
B)85.47 amu
C)85.91 amu
D)86.35 amu
E)86.00 amu

Question 65

What is the formula unit mass of chromium(III) oxide (Cr₂O₃)?

A)152.0 amu
B)136.0 amu
C)120.0 amu
D)104.0 amu
E)68.0 amu

Question 66

Which has the highest formula unit mass?

A)CaBr₂
B)NaI₂
C)CdF₂
D)HgCl₂
E)Ag₂S

Question 67

You synthesize a superheavy atom that fits into the periodic table below radium.If it were to form an ion, what ionic charge would you predict?

A)(+2)
B)(+1)
C)(-1)
D)(-2)
E)0 (unlikely to form an ion)

Question 68

What ion would you predict element 118 would form?

A)(+2)
B)(+1)
C)(-1)
D)(-2)
E)0 (unlikely to form an ion)

Question 69

How many CaCl₂ formula units are in 125 amu of calcium chloride?

A)0.888 formula units
B)1.00 formula units
C)1.13 formula units
D)1.25 formula units
E)3.75 formula units

Question 70

You create a superheavy atom with an atomic number of 120.What is probably true about that element?

A)It is probably a gas.
B)It is probably a metalloid.
C)It is probably nonmetallic.
D)It is probably metallic.
E)It probably forms a stable +1 cation.

Question 71

What is the formula unit mass of ammonium carbonate (NH₄)₂CO₃?

A)78.04 amu
B)82.02 amu
C)96.09 amu
D)102.07 amu
E)212.88 amu

Question 72

Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes with the following masses and natural abundances.Calculate the average atomic mass of Ga. 69Ga 68.9256 amu 60.108%
71Ga 70.9247 amu 39.892%

A)69.925 amu
B)70.127 amu
C)70.000 amu
D)69.824 amu
E)69.723 amu

Question 73

Identify the element based on the following values for its five isotopes: 179.947 amu (0.12%), 181.948 amu (26.50%), 182.950 amu (14.31%), 183.951 amu (30.64%), and 185.954 amu (28.43%).

A)Ir
B)Os
C)Re
D)Ta
E)W

Question 74

Identify the element based on the following values for its three isotopes: 38.9637 amu (93.08%), 39.9640 amu (0.012%), and 40.9618 amu (6.91%).

A)K
B)Cl
C)S
D)Ar
E)Ca

Question 75

Which has the highest molecular mass?

A)Br₂O
B)IBr₂
C)CBr₄
D)Br₂O₈
E)BrF₅

Question 76

One isotope makes up 97% of all calcium atoms.Which one?

A)40Ca
B)42Ca
C)43Ca
D)44Ca
E)48Ca

Question 77

For each of the elements below, there are only two naturally occurring isotopes.Using the atomic masses on the periodic table, identify the pair in which the heavier isotope is the more abundant one.

A)63Cu and 65Cu
B)85Rb and 87Rb
C)10B and 11B
D)79Br and 81Br
E)14N and 15N

Question 78

Active metals often react with oxygen in air to form a protective surface film that prevents further reaction.Which one of the following formulas for a metal-oxygen combination is NOT correct?

A)Al₂O₃
B)Fe₂O₃
C)Na₂O
D)MgO₂
E)MnO

Question 79

For each of the elements below, there are only two naturally occurring isotopes.Using the atomic masses on the periodic table, identify the pair in which the lighter isotope is the more abundant one.

A)6Li and 7Li
B)79Br and 81Br
C)10B and 11B
D)126I and 127I
E)50V and 51V

Question 80

What is the molecular mass of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)?

A)24.5 amu
B)49.0 amu
C)97.0 amu
D)98.1 amu
E)101 amu