Deck 4: Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing.
B) Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes by producing a dormant period with no growth.
C) A cell can produce many endospores.
D) Endospores are for reproduction.
E) Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) centrosome  food storage
B) lysosome  digestive enzymes
C) Golgi complex  secretion
D) mitochondria  ATP production
E) endoplasmic reticulum  internal transport

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is FALSE?

A) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.
B) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.
C) They are toxic to humans.
D) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids.
E) They are sensitive to penicillin.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following structures is NOT found in some prokaryotic cells?

A) pilus
B) axial filament
C) cilium
D) flagellum
E) peritrichous flagella

Question 5

Which structure acts like an ʺinvisibility cloakʺ and protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

A) capsule
B) cell wall
C) cell membrane
D) fimbriae
E) slime layer

Question 6

A gram-positive bacterium suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. This trait most likely occurred due to acquisition of new genetic information through

A) meisosis.
B) transduction.
C) conjugation.
D) binary fission.
E) transformation.

Question 7

Figure 4.1

Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is streptococci?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 8

Which one of the following organisms has a cell wall?

A) mycoplasmas
B) L forms
C) protoplasts
D) fungi
E) animal cells

Question 9

Antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis ultimately cause bacterial cell death as a result of

A) inhibition of molecular transport.
B) decreased synthesis of plasma membrane.
C) plasmolysis.
D) cell shrinkage.
E) osmotic lysis.

Question 10

Figure 4.1

Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 11

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells?

A) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.
B) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
C) They lack a plasma membrane.
D) They typically have a circular chromosome.
E) They reproduce by binary fission.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes?

A) contains proteins
B) is selectively permeable
C) composed of a phospholipid bilayer
D) contains cholesterol
E) site of energy production

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl?

A) Water will move into the cell.
B) Water will move out of the cell.
C) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
D) Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

Question 14

By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration?

A) simple diffusion
B) aquaporins
C) extracellular enzymes
D) active transport
E) facilitated diffusion

Question 15

Each of the following statements concerning the gram-positive cell wall is true EXCEPT

A) it protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.
B) it contains teichoic acids.
C) it is sensitive to penicillin.
D) it is sensitive to lysozyme.
E) it maintains the shape of the cell.

Question 16

Figure 4.1

Which drawing in Figure 4.1 possesses an axial filament?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT part of the passive transport process?

A) concentration gradient
B) aquaporins
C) transporter proteins
D) plasma membrane
E) ATP

Question 18

Functions of the glycocalyx include all of the following EXCEPT

A) biofilm formation.
B) protection against dehydration.
C) source of nutrition.
D) binary fission.
E) increased virulence.

Question 19

Bacteria are a commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. Which of the following would most likely be used to lyse gram-positive bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation?

A) alcohol
B) lysozyme
C) polymixins
D) water
E) mycolic acid

Question 20

Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell?

A) nucleus
B) mitochondrion
C) vacuole
D) cell wall
E) Golgi complex

Question 21

In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in

A) chloroplasts.
B) chromatophores.
C) cytoplasm.
D) mesosomes.
E) ribosomes.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is correct about passive diffusion?

A) It is a process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration (or down a concentration gradient).
B) It may require a transport protein.
C) It is a process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration (or up a concentration gradient).
D) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
E) It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.

Question 23

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall possesses lipid A/endotoxin responsible for symptoms associated with infection?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 24

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 25

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell?

A) ribosomes
B) the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella
C) the plasma membrane
D) around organelles
E) surrounding flagella

Question 26

The terms ʺrunʺ and ʺtumbleʺ are generally associated with

A) cell membrane synthesis.
B) taxic movements of the cell in response to attractants or repellents.
C) cell wall fluidity.
D) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria.

Question 27

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains porins?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 28

The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion

A) moves materials from a lower to a higher concentration.
B) moves materials from a higher to a lower concentration.
C) does not require ATP.
D) requires transporter proteins.
E) requires ATP.

Question 29

Fimbriae and pili differ in that

A) there are only one or two pili per cell.
B) pili are used for motility.
C) pili are used to transfer DNA.
D) pili are used for attachment to surfaces.
E) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.

Question 30

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 31

You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that the cell

A) has 9 pairs + 2 flagella.
B) has a cell wall.
C) has a mitochondrion.
D) lives in an extreme environment.
E) has cilia.

Question 32

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane

A) by osmosis.
B) through porins.
C) with the help of a nonspecific transporter.
D) through facilitated diffusion.
E) through simple diffusion.

Question 33

In a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically

A) lyse.
B) plasmolyze.
C) stay the same.
D) osmolyze.
E) burst.

Question 34

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by alcohol?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 35

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall has a structure that protects against osmotic lysis?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT found or observed to occur in both mitochondria and prokaryotes?

A) circular chromosome
B) binary fission
C) 70S ribosomes
D) cell wall
E) ATP-generating mechanism

Question 37

Figure 4.3

In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-negative cell wall?

A) a
B) b
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 38

Figure 4.2 Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2?

A) peritrichous flagella
B) monotrichous flagellum
C) amphitrichous flagella
D) lophotrichous flagella
E) axial filament

Question 39

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell?

A) ribosomes
B) the plasma membrane and around organelles
C) around organelles
D) the plasma membrane
E) flagella

Question 40

What will happen if a bacterial cell is pretreated with a lysozyme solution, then placed in distilled water?

A) Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell.
B) Water will leave the cell.
C) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
D) The cell will plasmolyze.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

Question 41

What is a biofilm and what role does biofilm play in disease?

Question 42

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) sulfur granules - energy reserve
B) ribosomes - carbon storage
C) gas vacuoles - flotation
D) metachromatic granules - phosphate storage
E) lipid inclusions - energy reserve

Question 43

How do spirochetes and spirilla differ?

A) Spirilla are found in chains of cells whereas spirochetes exist as individual cells.
B) Spirochetes have a rigid, corkscrew shape while spirilla are helical and more flexible.
C) Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.
D) Spirochetes do not have a cell wall but spirilla do.
E) Spirochetes and spirilla are basically the same organisms and the terms can be used interchangeably.

Question 44

If you observe rod-shaped red cells after the Gram stain, you can assume their cell walls contain endotoxin.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a functionally analogous pair?

A) nucleus -nucleiod region
B) mitochondria - prokaryotic plasma membrane
C) chloroplasts - thylakoids
D) 9+2 flagella - bacterial flagella
E) cilia - pili

Question 46

Small, hydrophobic molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily by diffusion.

Question 47

Provide evidence to substantiate the hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.

Question 48

Compare and contrast the characteristics of a typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Question 49

The DNA found in most bacterial cells

A) is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
B) is circular in structure.
C) is found in multiple copies.
D) utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging.
E) is linear in structure.

Question 50

The cell walls of bacteria are responsible for the shape of the bacteria and the difference in the Gram stain reaction.

Question 51

The internal structure of eukaryotic cilia and flagella are the same.

Question 52

Endospores are a reproductive structure.

Question 53

The number of organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum is the same in all eukaryotic cells.

Question 54

Which of the following are NOT energy reserves?

A) polysaccharide granules
B) ribosomes
C) lipid inclusions
D) carboxysomes
E) metachromatic granules

Question 55

Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, (b) resistance to phagocytosis, (c) chemical composition, and (d) decolorization by alcohol.

Question 56

Many enzymes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized within organelles.

Question 57

Cells placed in a hypotonic solution tend to lose water due to osmotic pressure.

Question 58

Antibiotics that target the cell wall are an effective treatment against many pathogenic bacteria.

Question 59

Spheroplasts, protoplasts, and mycoplasms are bacterial cells without cell walls.